<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Datht's Reflections ]]></title><description><![CDATA[My personal blog - focused on my personal thoughts, experiences, and reflections about Product Management ]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hJI3!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2439ef8b-d0d1-4eb5-9535-bd0d138e8445_1024x1024.png</url><title>Datht&apos;s Reflections </title><link>https://blog.datht.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 06:59:13 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://blog.datht.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[reflections0life]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[reflections0life@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[reflections0life@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[reflections0life@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[reflections0life@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Reality Check 14: Bài toán OpEx và câu chuyện của team 20 người]]></title><description><![CDATA[S&#7855;p t&#7899;i r&#7891;i. C&#225;i vi&#7877;n c&#7843;nh 20 con ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#236; h&#7909;c g&#245; code v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; 3 tay gi&#7887;i k&#7865;p AI. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i vi&#7877;n t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#226;u. &#272;ang x&#7843;y ra r&#224;nh r&#224;nh ra &#273;&#7845;y.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/reality-check-14-bai-toan-opex-va</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/reality-check-14-bai-toan-opex-va</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2026 07:31:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3do!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d160d02-0b0c-4173-8e7d-7349bca8063f_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><strong>Khoe khoang v&#7909; scale team l&#234;n 50 m&#7841;ng trong 6 th&#225;ng. Oai &#273;&#7845;y. Nh&#432;ng b&#234; c&#225;i P&amp;L &#273;&#7863;t l&#234;n b&#224;n cho nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; xem, th&#7913; &#273;&#7853;p v&#224;o m&#7855;t h&#7885; ch&#7881; l&#224; c&#225;i m&#225;y &#273;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n.</strong></p></blockquote><p>K&#7883;ch b&#7843;n quen thu&#7897;c c&#7921;c k&#7923;. G&#7885;i v&#7889;n Series A xong, ti&#7873;n v&#7873;. Ph&#7843;n x&#7841; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a &#273;a ph&#7847;n founder l&#224; x&#225;ch gi&#7887; &#273;i l&#249;a ng&#432;&#7901;i. B&#7871; nguy&#234;n c&#7909;m 15 dev sang. &#272;&#7855;p th&#234;m 3 PO, 2 QA cho &#273;&#7911; m&#226;m. Gi&#259;ng c&#225;i b&#7843;ng &#8220;go fast and break things&#8221; to &#273;&#249;ng. Quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7853;p &#273;i x&#226;y l&#7841;i h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;ang l&#7871;t b&#7871;t t&#7915; th&#7901;i seed.</p><p>Nh&#236;n &#225;nh m&#7855;t r&#7921;c s&#225;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, m&#236;nh ch&#7881; mu&#7889;n h&#7887;i &#273;&#250;ng m&#7897;t c&#226;u: <em>&#8220;Th&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c team 5 ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7911;a em ship 3 t&#237;nh n&#259;ng. Th&#225;ng n&#224;y 20 ng&#432;&#7901;i, em t&#237;nh ship bao nhi&#234;u?&#8221;</em></p><p>D&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n. Th&#7921;c t&#7871; th&#236; sau m&#7897;t th&#225;ng onboarding s&#7845;p m&#7863;t, team 20 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243; ship &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#250;ng 1 t&#237;nh n&#259;ng. C&#7843; th&#225;ng tr&#244;i v&#224;o h&#7885;p sync requirement, v&#224;o vi&#7879;c QA d&#242; l&#7841;i &#273;&#7889;ng l&#7895;i c&#361;, v&#224;o chuy&#7879;n dev c&#361; conflict code v&#7899;i dev m&#7899;i. &#272;&#7871;n tu&#7847;n th&#7913; ba th&#236; Slack b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u c&#243; m&#249;i thu&#7889;c s&#250;ng.</p><p>C&#225;i b&#7851;y n&#224;y m&#236;nh g&#7863;p &#273;i g&#7863;p l&#7841;i, &#7903; startup l&#7851;n &#7903; c&#244;ng ty &#273;&#227; v&#224;i tr&#259;m ng&#432;&#7901;i: <strong>B&#7879;nh cu&#7891;ng headcount.</strong></p><p><strong>Khi s&#7921; &#273;&#244;ng &#273;&#250;c l&#224; bi&#7875;u t&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a quy&#7873;n l&#7921;c</strong></p><p>&#7902; ta, th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o ng&#7847;m cho m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i qu&#7843;n l&#253; v&#7851;n l&#224; s&#7889; l&#237;nh d&#432;&#7899;i tr&#432;&#7899;ng. Qu&#7843;n 5 ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#236; l&#224; manager. Qu&#7843;n 50 ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#236; &#273;&#227; l&#224; Gi&#225;m &#273;&#7889;c. C&#243; 200 l&#237;nh th&#236; th&#224;nh V.I.P, &#273;i &#273;&#226;u c&#361;ng c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i x&#225;ch c&#7863;p. V&#224; c&#225;i t&#244;i th&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7895; v&#7873; m&#7895;i ng&#224;y: v&#259;n ph&#242;ng &#273;&#244;ng ngh&#7883;t, ti&#7871;ng g&#245; ph&#237;m l&#7841;ch c&#7841;ch, All-hands k&#237;n c&#7843; h&#7897;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><blockquote><p>X&#432;a, m&#236;nh c&#361;ng t&#7915;ng r&#417;i v&#224;o c&#225;i b&#7851;y c&#7843;m x&#250;c n&#224;y. Nh&#236;n s&#417; &#273;&#7891; t&#7893; ch&#7913;c ph&#242;ng ban m&#236;nh to l&#234;n m&#7895;i qu&#253;, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c quy&#7873;n l&#7921;c n&#243; d&#7877; g&#226;y nghi&#7879;n l&#7855;m. Gi&#7901; ch&#7881; mu&#7889;n r&#7845;t &#237;t, c&#224;ng &#237;t report line c&#224;ng th&#237;ch.</p></blockquote><p>Th&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7899;c 2023, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Headcount l&#224; r&#224;o c&#7843;n gia nh&#7853;p. B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n code nhanh h&#417;n? Thu&#234; th&#234;m code. B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n test k&#7929; h&#417;n? Thu&#234; th&#234;m QA. S&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; t&#7927; l&#7879; thu&#7853;n v&#7899;i s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng k&#7929; s&#432; h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; gom &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t t&#242;a nh&#224;.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng 2026 r&#7891;i. AI &#273;&#227; n&#7857;m trong h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c kh&#226;u l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, v&#224; b&#7897; m&#225;y ph&#236;nh to b&#226;y gi&#7901; kh&#244;ng n&#243;i l&#234;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh. N&#243; n&#243;i l&#234;n l&#224; b&#7841;n ch&#7853;m. V&#224; n&#243; &#259;n ti&#7873;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n m&#7895;i th&#225;ng, k&#7875; c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng th&#225;ng ch&#7859;ng ship &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;.</p><p><strong>The Theory: L&#7847;m t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7873; AI nh&#432; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c b&#224;n ph&#237;m ch&#7881; c&#7847;n g&#245; l&#224; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng si&#234;u t&#7889;c.</strong></p><p>Khi n&#243;i v&#7873; AI trong Product Development, &#273;a s&#7889; c&#225;c C-level v&#224; Tech Lead ngo&#224;i kia &#273;&#7873;u hi&#7875;u sai b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t. H&#7885; coi Github Copilot, Cursor hay c&#225;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng AI Orchestrator nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#224;n ph&#237;m g&#245; nhanh h&#417;n. T&#432; duy c&#7911;a h&#7885; r&#7845;t tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh: Dev ng&#224;y x&#432;a g&#245; 100 d&#242;ng code m&#7897;t gi&#7901;, gi&#7901; c&#243; AI g&#245; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 500 d&#242;ng.</p><p><em>Ngon &#417;,</em> nhi&#7873;u Founder ngh&#297;. <em>&#8220;V&#7853;y th&#236; gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n team 20 ng&#432;&#7901;i, mua th&#234;m cho m&#7895;i &#244;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;i license AI 20 &#273;&#244; m&#7897;t th&#225;ng, n&#259;ng su&#7845;t s&#7869; t&#259;ng g&#7845;p 5 l&#7847;n!&#8221;</em></p><p>R&#7891;i ba th&#225;ng sau nh&#236;n l&#7841;i. N&#259;ng su&#7845;t kh&#244;ng t&#259;ng g&#7845;p 5. C&#243; team c&#242;n t&#7909;t. Code merge v&#224;o th&#236; r&#225;c, technical debt ch&#7845;t l&#234;n, m&#224; anh em th&#236; m&#7879;t h&#417;n h&#7859;n h&#7891;i ch&#432;a c&#243; AI.</p><p>L&#253; do &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n: bottleneck c&#7911;a l&#224;m ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; l&#224; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; g&#245;. N&#243; l&#224; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; hi&#7875;u nhau. Hi&#7875;u b&#224;i to&#225;n kinh doanh, r&#7891;i ch&#7889;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i nhau m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n v&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#7853;t l&#7841;i v&#224;o tu&#7847;n sau. AI g&#245; h&#7897; b&#7841;n th&#7853;t, nh&#432;ng n&#243; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m 20 con ng&#432;&#7901;i kia hi&#7875;u &#253; nhau nhanh h&#417;n.</p><p><strong>The Breaking Point: Chi ph&#237; ch&#236;m c&#7911;a Agile Theater</strong></p><p>H&#227;y quay l&#7841;i b&#224;i to&#225;n c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7911;a k&#7929; ngh&#7879; ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m: <strong>&#272;&#7883;nh lu&#7853;t Brooks</strong> (trong cu&#7889;n <em>The Mythical Man-Month</em> n&#259;m 1975, v&#7851;n &#273;&#250;ng sau 50 n&#259;m). C&#7913; th&#234;m m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224;o m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n &#273;ang ch&#7853;m ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;, d&#7921; &#225;n &#273;&#243; c&#224;ng ch&#7853;m h&#417;n. M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7889; li&#7879;u ng&#224;nh &#273;&#7875; d&#7851;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;y, ch&#7881; c&#243; s&#7889; c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh: m&#7845;y squad qu&#225; 8 ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#224; m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng qu&#7843;n, cycle time t&#7915; l&#250;c commit &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c l&#234;n production lu&#244;n d&#224;i h&#417;n h&#7859;n squad 3-5 ng&#432;&#7901;i, d&#249; l&#224;m c&#249;ng m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i vi&#7879;c. Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i l&#224; ph&#7847;n nh&#236;n th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Soi v&#224;o P&amp;L th&#236; c&#242;n s&#7907; h&#417;n.</p><p>Khi b&#7841;n c&#243; 20 ng&#432;&#7901;i trong team Product &amp; Tech, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; tr&#7843; l&#432;&#417;ng cho 20 ng&#432;&#7901;i. B&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#7843;i c&#245;ng m&#7897;t &#273;&#7889;ng Operational Expenditure (OpEx) t&#224;ng h&#236;nh:</p><p><strong>Ma tr&#7853;n giao ti&#7871;p:</strong> 20 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i 190 &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&#226;y giao ti&#7871;p ch&#233;o nhau c&#244;ng th&#7913;c N*(N-1)/2. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; kh&#233;o, 190 &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&#226;y n&#224;y s&#7869; bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh 190 k&#234;nh c&#227;i l&#7897;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y.</p><p><strong>Thu&#7871; h&#7897;i h&#7885;p:</strong> Bu&#7893;i planning, bu&#7893;i grooming, m&#7895;i bu&#7893;i ba ti&#7871;ng, ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n th&#7901;i gian d&#224;nh cho vi&#7879;c c&#227;i xem n&#250;t kia m&#224;u xanh hay m&#224;u &#273;&#7887;.</p><p><strong>Thu&#7871; ch&#7901; &#273;&#7907;i:</strong> M&#432;&#7901;i gi&#7901; &#273;&#234;m Slack v&#7851;n s&#225;ng &#273;&#232;n: &#8220;Anh &#417;i API n&#224;y bao gi&#7901; xong?&#8221;, &#8220;Em &#417;i spec ch&#7895; n&#224;y ch&#432;a r&#245;, confirm gi&#250;p em&#8221;. Dev ch&#7901; QA, QA ch&#7901; PO duy&#7879;t, PO ch&#7901; s&#7871;p tr&#7843; l&#7901;i tin nh&#7855;n. Chu&#7895;i &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7913;t &#7903; m&#7855;t x&#237;ch n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, v&#224; g&#7847;n nh&#432; ng&#224;y n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;&#7913;t.</p><p><strong>Layer qu&#7843;n l&#253; trung gian:</strong> Scrum Master, Agile Coach, Delivery Manager... nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#224; vi&#7879;c ch&#237;nh l&#224; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o 20 con ng&#432;&#7901;i kia kh&#244;ng gi&#7851;m ch&#226;n l&#234;n nhau.</p><p>Nu&#244;i nguy&#234;n m&#7897;t c&#225;i r&#7841;p h&#225;t Agile &#273;&#7875; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; cho s&#7921; &#273;&#244;ng &#273;&#250;c &#273;&#243;, r&#7891;i t&#7921; nh&#7911; l&#224; team m&#236;nh l&#224;m vi&#7879;c c&#243; quy tr&#236;nh.</p><p>Trong l&#250;c &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#226;u &#273;&#243; c&#243; m&#7897;t team 3 ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7899;i v&#224;i con AI &#273;ang l&#7863;ng l&#7869; &#259;n d&#7847;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3do!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d160d02-0b0c-4173-8e7d-7349bca8063f_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3do!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d160d02-0b0c-4173-8e7d-7349bca8063f_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O3do!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d160d02-0b0c-4173-8e7d-7349bca8063f_1024x1024.png 848w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#7885; th&#7855;ng v&#236; g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;&#7897; tr&#7877; giao ti&#7871;p. Hai Senior Engineer v&#224; m&#7897;t PM c&#7913;ng ngh&#7873;, ng&#7891;i chung ph&#242;ng ho&#7863;c chung m&#7897;t k&#234;nh Discord. Cursor lo ph&#7847;n boilerplate, AI agent vi&#7871;t unit test v&#224; review pull request r&#7891;i &#273;&#7849;y th&#7859;ng l&#234;n CI/CD. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; PRD 50 trang, v&#236; ng&#432;&#7901;i vi&#7871;t spec c&#361;ng l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i code, v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243; hi&#7875;u business &#273;&#7871;n t&#7853;n c&#249;ng. N&#243;i v&#7853;y kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; h&#7885; nh&#224;n. H&#7885; v&#7851;n c&#224;y, ch&#7881; l&#224; c&#224;y v&#224;o &#273;&#250;ng vi&#7879;c ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng c&#224;y v&#224;o vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch cho nhau nghe.</p><p><strong>Ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n t&#253;: Nh&#432;ng AI hay b&#7883; ng&#225;o, sao l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng l&#7899;n?</strong></p><p>&#272;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y, ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng b&#225;c Tech Lead nh&#7843;y d&#7921;ng l&#234;n: <em>&#8220;Anh x&#7841;o! Em th&#7917; d&#249;ng m&#7845;y con AI r&#7891;i, to&#224;n code r&#225;c, b&#7883;a &#273;&#7863;t hallucination t&#7915; l&#432;a. &#272;&#432;a n&#243; l&#224;m core banking hay h&#7879; th&#7889;ng thanh to&#225;n c&#243; m&#224; s&#7853;p server &#224;? V&#7851;n ph&#7843;i c&#7847;n QA ch&#7841;y tay, c&#7847;n team 20 ng&#432;&#7901;i review ch&#233;o nhau th&#244;i!&#8221;</em></p><p>M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng ngh&#297; y h&#7879;t, kho&#7843;ng hai n&#259;m tr&#432;&#7899;c. C&#225;i sai kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; ch&#7895; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; AI th&#7845;p, m&#224; &#7903; ch&#7895; &#273;ang d&#249;ng n&#243; nh&#432; m&#7897;t th&#7921;c t&#7853;p sinh: giao vi&#7879;c xong r&#7891;i b&#7887; &#273;&#243;.</p><p>&#272;&#250;ng, AI s&#7869; sinh ra code r&#225;c n&#7871;u b&#7841;n qu&#259;ng cho n&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;i prompt h&#7901;i h&#7907;t ki&#7875;u <em>&#8220;L&#224;m cho t&#244;i c&#225;i app gi&#7889;ng Tinder&#8221;</em>. Nh&#432;ng trong tay m&#7897;t Senior Engineer ng&#432;&#7901;i hi&#7875;u r&#245; architecture, bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch chia nh&#7887; b&#224;i to&#225;n decomposition, bi&#7871;t vi&#7871;t test-driven development (TDD) kh&#7855;t khe AI tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t si&#234;u v&#361; kh&#237;.</p><p>Ch&#432;a ai b&#7843;o AI t&#7921; d&#7921;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng l&#7899;n. C&#225;i &#273;ang x&#7843;y ra l&#224; AI gi&#250;p <strong>m&#7897;t con ng&#432;&#7901;i xu&#7845;t ch&#250;ng</strong> l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i. M&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n junior r&#225;p m&#224;n h&#236;nh th&#236; gi&#7901; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n n&#7919;a. C&#7847;n m&#7897;t Senior ch&#7855;c ki&#7871;n tr&#250;c, ng&#7891;i &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i &#273;&#7889;ng code AI v&#7915;a r&#225;p trong ba ph&#250;t v&#224; v&#7863;n ng&#432;&#7907;c logic khi th&#7845;y sai.</p><p>S&#7921; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p c&#7911;a h&#7879; th&#7889;ng l&#7899;n kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; s&#7889; d&#242;ng code, n&#243; n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c. V&#224; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c th&#236; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t c&#225;i &#273;&#7847;u c&#243; s&#7841;n c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n 20 &#273;&#244;i b&#224;n tay g&#245; ph&#237;m.</p><h2><strong>The Patch: Framework C&#7855;t gi&#7843;m OpEx </strong></h2><p>V&#7853;y g&#7905; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch n&#224;o. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7845;y th&#7913; m&#236;nh &#273;ang l&#224;m v&#224; th&#7845;y c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i framework g&#236; to t&#225;t, v&#224; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7855;c h&#7907;p v&#7899;i m&#7885;i c&#244;ng ty.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">H&#227;y b&#7845;m theo d&#245;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c mi&#7877;n ph&#237; nh&#233;.</mark></strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </mark></p><p style="text-align: center;">Want to see the rest of this awesome Post ? <br>Just hit that <strong>subscribe button for free</strong> to unlock the full post! </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p><br><a href="https://www.datht.com/">T.D</a>, <br>T9.2026</p><p><strong>P/s :</strong> 3 Ng&#432;&#7901;i / 20 Ng&#432;&#7901;i : l&#224; kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m 3 nh&#243;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i chuy&#234;n m&#244;n cao, ko ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng m&#224; nh&#226;n s&#7921; thay th&#7871; 20 ng&#432;&#7901;i. 20 Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#253; vi&#7879;c 1 vi&#7879;c c&#7847;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m d&#249; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m b&#7903;i 1 nh&#243;m nh&#7887; h&#417;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Founder's Lens #5:Anh Quang Nguyễn, Ex Giám đốc Pfizer khu vực EMEA, cựu CEO Masan Digital| Mổ xẻ cái bẫy ngộ nhận và Nghệ thuật Segmentation. ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ghi ch&#233;p t&#7915; bu&#7893;i chia s&#7867; s&#226;u t&#7915; anh Quang Nguy&#7877;n v&#7899;i team, v&#7873; chuy&#7879;n t&#7841;i sao d&#226;n Tech hay &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7873; insight, v&#224; s&#7921; th&#7853;t &#273;&#7857;ng sau kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m 'Reason to Believe' khi &#273;&#225;nh th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng global.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-4-anh-quang-nguyen</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-4-anh-quang-nguyen</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 07:01:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>D&#7841;o n&#224;y g&#7863;p g&#7905; anh em trong ng&#224;nh, m&#236;nh hay c&#243; th&#243;i quen h&#7887;i s&#226;u ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c cho c&#225; nh&#226;n v&#224; nh&#7901; c&#225;c &#7843;nh v&#7873; chia s&#7867; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i team. H&#244;m nay, ng&#7891;i ch&#233;m gi&#243; v&#7899;i anh Quang Nguy&#7877;n, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n ng&#432;&#7901;i anh m&#224; m&#236;nh r&#7845;t ph&#7909;c, m&#236;nh t&#7921; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; a Quang l&#224; m&#7897;t anh c&#243; background MKT nh&#432;ng c&#243; t&#432; duy s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, kinh doanh v&#224; c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; &#273;&#7881;nh &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#225;ng h&#7885;c h&#7887;i, ng&#7891;i nghe &#7843;nh n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n xong m&#236;nh x&#225;c nh&#7853;n l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u c&#225;i ng&#225;o c&#7911;a d&#226;n Tech t&#7909;i m&#236;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png" width="593" height="593" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xzeF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F047a55ea-575c-4ca1-b829-aef515415934_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Anh Quang th&#236; d&#226;n trong ng&#224;nh c&#7911;a &#7843;nh qu&#225; r&#224;nh nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng nhi&#7873;u anh em l&#224;m Tech/Product bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n. </p><p>Profile &#7843;nh &#273;&#250;ng ki&#7875;u kh&#7911;ng long t&#7915; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i b&#225;n l&#7867; v&#224; d&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7849;m v&#432;&#417;n ra global: &#273;i l&#234;n t&#7915; qu&#7843;n l&#253; nh&#227;n h&#224;ng &#7903; Unilever, P&amp;G &#7903; VN r&#7891;i 10 n&#259;m &#7903; M&#7929;, cho &#273;&#7871;n Senior Director c&#7911;a Pfizer khu v&#7921;c EMEA (ph&#7909; tr&#225;ch t&#7853;n 43 th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, EMEA = Europe Middle East and Africa), r&#7891;i quay v&#7873; l&#224;m CEO cho m&#7843;ng Digital Platform c&#7911;a Masan Group, v&#224; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i t&#432; v&#7845;n cho nhi&#7873;u doanh nghi&#7879;p b&#225;n l&#7867; v&#224; t&#7853;n h&#432;&#7903;ng cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!77gd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb97d6b19-70a5-4a4f-99ae-ff26f2010b13_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!77gd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb97d6b19-70a5-4a4f-99ae-ff26f2010b13_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, 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y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m Biz &#273;&#7911; to &#273;ang l&#224;m kinh doanh &#273;&#7875; Scale &#273;ang c&#7847;n g&#243;c nh&#236;n m&#7899;i v&#7873; vi&#7879;c th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y n&#243; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7899;i g&#243;c nh&#236;n t&#7915; Global nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n gi&#7887;i ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t th&#236; ch&#7855;c n&#234;n t&#236;m a Quang. </figcaption></figure></div><div class="pullquote"><p>T&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; a Quang &#7903; &#273;&#226;y <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/quangngocnguyen/">https://www.linkedin.com/in/quangngocnguyen/</a></p></div><p>G&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t tay ch&#417;i l&#227;o l&#245;i &#273;i t&#7915; FMCG (h&#224;ng ti&#234;u d&#249;ng nhanh) r&#7891;i nh&#7843;y sang l&#224;m Tech / T&#432; v&#7845;n v&#224; c&#7843; kinh doanh n&#234;n n&#243; c&#7921;c k&#7923; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; chuy&#7879;n v&#7869; v&#7901;i tech specs hay khoe architecture &#7903; &#273;&#226;y, m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u b&#7883; l&#7897;t tr&#7847;n d&#432;&#7899;i g&#243;c &#273;&#7897; m&#7897;t ch&#7919; duy nh&#7845;t: <strong>Insight</strong>.</p><h3><strong>C&#225;i b&#7851;y &#8220;Logic c&#7911;a d&#226;n Tech&#8221; v&#224; &#273;i t&#236;m Insight th&#7853;t</strong></h3><p>D&#226;n l&#224;m product v&#224; tech t&#7909;i m&#236;nh hay b&#7883; m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#7879;nh r&#7845;t n&#7863;ng: qu&#225; logical. M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n h&#7891;i l&#224;m Zalo hay &#273;&#7907;t c&#7855;m m&#7863;t build n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng m&#7899;i &#7903; VinID r&#7891;i Onemount, anh em Dev, PM c&#7913; t&#7921; giam m&#236;nh trong ph&#242;ng m&#225;y l&#7841;nh, g&#245; b&#224;n ph&#237;m &#234;m ru r&#7891;i kh&#225;o nhau: <em>&#8220;Ch&#7895; n&#224;y m&#236;nh l&#224;m flow m&#432;&#7907;t th&#7871; n&#224;y, th&#7901;i gian load app nhanh, ki&#7875;u g&#236; user ch&#7843; s&#432;&#7899;ng user c&#7913; d&#249;ng th&#244;i s&#7907; g&#236; v&#224; r&#7845;t t&#7921; tin b&#7843;n th&#226;n&#8221;</em>.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng s&#7921; th&#7853;t n&#243; ph&#361; ph&#224;ng l&#7855;m: kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u khi kh&#244;ng c&#432; x&#7917; hay suy ngh&#297; nh&#432; c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng ta t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng t&#7921; h&#7887;i t&#7841;i sao startup hay t&#7867;o s&#7899;m, th&#236; report c&#7911;a CB Insights ch&#7881; &#273;&#237;ch danh: <strong>42% startup ch&#7871;t ng&#7855;c l&#224; v&#236; &#8220;No market need&#8221;</strong> ch&#7859;ng ai th&#232;m x&#224;i. Con s&#7889; n&#224;y d&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;u m&#7885;i nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n, b&#7887; xa h&#7871;t ti&#7873;n (29%) hay sai team (23%). V&#224; c&#225;i &#273;&#225;ng s&#7907; nh&#7845;t: nhi&#7873;u founder c&#7913; ngh&#297; m&#236;nh ch&#7871;t v&#236; h&#7871;t ti&#7873;n, nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c ra h&#7871;t ti&#7873;n ch&#7881; l&#224; tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng, g&#7889;c r&#7877; v&#7851;n l&#224; kh&#244;ng ai c&#7847;n c&#225;i b&#7841;n &#273;ang build. B&#7879;nh n&#224;y &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; vi&#7879;c t&#7921; &#225;p &#273;&#7863;t c&#225;i logic c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#234;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><p>V&#224; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; l&#250;c g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a anh Quang l&#224;m m&#236;nh kh&#7921;ng l&#7841;i. Anh ch&#7889;t h&#7841; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a s&#7855;c l&#7865;m v&#7873; Insight:</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>&#8220;Insight kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; th&#7913; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7921; ng&#7891;i r&#7891;i &#8216;n&#7863;n&#8217; hay suy lu&#7853;n ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Insight th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t l&#224; vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t m&#7897;t Tension - m&#7897;t s&#7921; gi&#7857;ng x&#233; n&#7897;i t&#226;m ch&#432;a c&#243; l&#7889;i tho&#225;t c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng.&#8221;</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>Nghe th&#236; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#432;ng m&#7845;y ai l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c? L&#224;m Research kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; &#273;i l&#224;m survey &#273;&#7875; ch&#7913;ng minh m&#236;nh &#273;&#250;ng. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#7841;y c&#225;i survey xong, nh&#236;n c&#225;i chart v&#224; t&#7863;c l&#432;&#7905;i: <em>&#8220;&#7914;, &#273;&#250;ng nh&#432; m&#236;nh &#273;o&#225;n&#8221;</em>, th&#236; d&#7865;p m&#7865; cho r&#7843;nh n&#7907;. Quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a research l&#224; ph&#7843;i t&#236;m ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;i KH&#212;NG <strong>obvious</strong>, c&#225;i m&#224; n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng t&#243;m c&#7893; user ra h&#7887;i th&#236; b&#7841;n s&#7869; t&#233; ng&#7917;a v&#236; kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; ngh&#297; t&#7899;i.</p><p>D&#226;n MKT chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p hay ch&#417;i c&#225;i b&#224;i Truth &#8211; Tension &#8211; Motivation. Hi&#7875;u n&#244;m na l&#224; b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i d&#242;m ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;i s&#7921; th&#7853;t t&#7909;i n&#243; &#273;ang l&#224;m (Truth), t&#236;m ra c&#225;i n&#7895;i b&#7913;t r&#7913;t gi&#7857;ng x&#233; trong l&#242;ng t&#7909;i n&#243; (Tension), r&#7891;i t&#7915; &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i kh&#7873;u &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;i &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c s&#226;u xa (Motivation) &#273;&#7875; t&#7909;i n&#243; xu&#7889;ng ti&#7873;n.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909; kinh &#273;i&#7875;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a a Quang ? Nh&#7899; c&#225;i v&#7909; s&#7919;a t&#7855;m Dove h&#7891;i x&#432;a? T&#7909;i anh &#273;i h&#7887;i m&#7845;y ng&#224;n ch&#7883; em th&#236; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ch&#7843; ai d&#225;m t&#7921; nh&#7853;n m&#236;nh &#273;&#7865;p. C&#225;i k&#7865;t (tension) &#7903; &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#226;u ph&#7843;i l&#224; h&#7885; thi&#7871;u kem b&#244;i cho tr&#7855;ng, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7845;y b&#7843; &#273;ang t&#7921; ti th&#7845;y b&#224; n&#7897;i v&#236; b&#7883; m&#7845;y c&#225;i chu&#7849;n m&#7921;c ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7851;u ch&#226;n d&#224;i d&#7897;i v&#244; m&#7863;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y. Dove n&#243; m&#243;c &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;i c&#7909;c t&#7913;c &#273;&#243; ra, &#273;&#7867; ra c&#225;i campaign Real Beauty. Xong r&#7891;i sao? B&#225;n &#273;&#7855;t nh&#432; t&#244;m t&#432;&#417;i, doanh thu nh&#226;n &#273;&#244;i lu&#244;n. &#272;&#226;u ph&#7843;i nh&#7901; s&#7919;a t&#7855;m n&#243; th&#417;m h&#417;n, m&#224; nh&#7901; n&#243; kh&#7873;u tr&#250;ng c&#225;i ch&#7895; ng&#7913;a m&#224; ch&#432;a brand n&#224;o d&#225;m g&#227;i.</p><h3><strong>Unique Selling Point vs. Reason To Believe: <br></strong>S&#7921; th&#7853;t kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch t&#7915; mi&#7879;ng &#273;&#7871;n tim</h3><p>B&#7845;t c&#7913; startup n&#224;o khi pitch c&#361;ng h&#244; h&#224;o v&#7873; &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7897;c nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7885;i l&#224; USP. Nh&#432;ng USP suy cho c&#249;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; c&#225;i m&#224; <em>m&#236;nh ngh&#297;</em> ho&#7863;c <em>m&#236;nh n&#243;i</em>. C&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#7917; huy&#7879;t l&#224;: L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; user th&#7921;c s&#7921; <em>buy-in</em> v&#224; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;i &#273;&#243;?</p><p>&#272;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; <strong>Reason to Believe</strong>, g&#7885;i t&#7855;t l&#224; RTB m&#7897;t concept c&#7889;t l&#245;i trong x&#226;y d&#7921;ng product m&#224; d&#226;n Tech hay ng&#243; l&#417;.</p><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; th&#7913; th&#236; USP v&#224; RTB l&#224; m&#7897;t. V&#237; d&#7909; b&#7841;n &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883; &#8220;gi&#225; si&#234;u r&#7867;&#8221;, th&#236; c&#225;i gi&#225; d&#225;n tr&#234;n app ch&#237;nh l&#224; c&#225;i &#273;&#7875; user tin. Ch&#7843; c&#7847;n n&#243;i nhi&#7873;u.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng &#273;a s&#7889; nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; c&#242;n l&#7841;i, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#233;p user t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng tin. V&#237; d&#7909; b&#7841;n rao gi&#7843;ng: <em>&#8220;App t&#244;i nhanh l&#7855;m, privacy l&#7855;m, b&#7843;o m&#7853;t d&#7919; d&#7857;n l&#7855;m&#8221;</em>. &#272;&#7915;ng h&#242;ng t&#7909;i n&#243; tin n&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng t&#7841;o ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c RTB th&#244;ng qua design, tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t l&#7901;i b&#7843;o ch&#7913;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921;. Ph&#7843;i nh&#236;n t&#7915; g&#243;c &#273;&#7897; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng v&#224; hi&#7875;u v&#259;n h&#243;a c&#7911;a market m&#236;nh nh&#7855;m v&#224;o.</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>&#272;em chu&#244;ng &#273;i &#273;&#225;nh x&#7913; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#224; thi&#7871;u RTB th&#236; kh&#225;c n&#224;o mang ki&#7871;m g&#7895; &#273;i ch&#233;m xe t&#259;ng.</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>L&#7845;y v&#237; d&#7909; c&#7909; th&#7875; v&#7873; th&#7883; hi&#7871;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng EU t&#7915; ch&#237;nh kinh nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#225;nh th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng khu v&#7921;c EMEA (Ch&#226;u &#194;u, Trung &#272;&#244;ng, Phi) c&#7911;a anh Quang. Pfizer ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng &#7903; kho&#7843;ng 200 qu&#7889;c gia, nh&#432;ng ri&#234;ng khu v&#7921;c EMEA m&#224; anh Quang ph&#7909; tr&#225;ch &#273;&#227; l&#224; 43 th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7895;i n&#417;i m&#7897;t ki&#7875;u ch&#417;i. Ai c&#361;ng bi&#7871;t EU n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng v&#7899;i lu&#7853;t GDPR kh&#7855;t khe, nh&#432;ng theo anh Quang, c&#225;ch m&#7895;i qu&#7889;c gia &#8220;buy-in&#8221; v&#224;o c&#225;i RTB &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i c&#7921;c k&#7923; kh&#225;c nhau:</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>C&#7843; EU &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; Privacy c&#7921;c k&#7923; cao. &#272;&#243; l&#224; lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i chung. Nh&#432;ng khi b&#243;c t&#225;ch ra: &#272;&#7913;c, UK, hay H&#224; Lan l&#7841;i chu&#7897;ng s&#7921; nhanh g&#7885;n, efficient, h&#7885; c&#7847;n speed v&#224; performance &#273;&#7875; tin v&#224;o ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, Ph&#225;p hay &#221; th&#236; c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ch&#7853;m v&#224; b&#7843;o th&#7911; h&#417;n. H&#7885; c&#7847;n v&#259;n hay ch&#7919; t&#7889;t, thi&#7871;t k&#7871; ph&#7843;i hoa h&#242;e hoa s&#243;i, tinh t&#7871;. &#7902; m&#7845;y th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;y, &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#243; ch&#7841;y nhanh &#234;m ru th&#236; c&#361;ng ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c h&#7885; &#273;&#227; th&#232;m d&#249;ng.&#8221;</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>M&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i anh Quang n&#243;i su&#244;ng &#273;&#226;u, data th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng c&#361;ng ch&#7913;ng minh &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y r&#245; r&#224;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c kh&#244;ng c&#227;i n&#7893;i m&#236;nh c&#243; t&#7921; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m sau bu&#7893;i chia s&#7869; c&#7911;a &#7843;nh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i kh&#244;ng tin &#7843;nh n&#243;i, m&#224; v&#236; c&#225;i g&#236; ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t hay t&#242; m&#242; kaka. B&#7919;a m&#236;nh c&#243; l&#432;&#7899;t c&#225;i b&#225;o c&#225;o t&#7909;i Kantar l&#224;m cho IAB Europe. &#272;i h&#7887;i h&#417;n v&#7841;n ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#234;n &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i l&#242;i ra chuy&#7879;n v&#7847;y: t&#237;nh ra m&#7895;i th&#225;ng m&#7897;t kh&#7913;a b&#234;n EU x&#224;i k&#233; m&#7899; d&#7883;ch v&#7909; free (search, &#273;&#7885;c b&#225;o...) c&#361;ng &#273;&#225;ng gi&#225; c&#7843; hai tr&#259;m Euro. Th&#224;nh ra ph&#226;n n&#7917;a trong s&#7889; &#273;&#243; g&#7853;t &#273;&#7847;u c&#225;i r&#7909;p, ch&#7883;u &#273;&#432;a data c&#225; nh&#226;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#224;i ch&#249;a ti&#7871;p. Nh&#432;ng ng&#7863;t c&#225;i m&#7895;i n&#432;&#7899;c m&#7895;i n&#7871;t. M&#7845;y &#244;ng &#272;&#7913;c v&#7899;i H&#224; Lan th&#236; th&#7921;c d&#7909;ng, app c&#7913; ch&#7841;y v&#232;o v&#232;o, minh b&#7841;ch l&#224; x&#224;i.</p><p>C&#242;n Ph&#225;p v&#224; &#221;? <strong>73% consumer EU s&#7861;n s&#224;ng tr&#7843; th&#234;m ti&#7873;n cho s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7865;p h&#417;n</strong>, v&#224; &#7903; hai th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;y, con s&#7889; &#273;&#243; c&#242;n &#273;&#7853;m &#273;&#7863;c h&#417;n. B&#7841;n b&#225;n c&#225;i app ch&#7841;y nhanh nh&#432; &#273;i&#7879;n cho d&#226;n Ph&#225;p m&#224; giao di&#7879;n tr&#244;ng nh&#432; ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m k&#7871; to&#225;n th&#236; coi nh&#432; v&#7913;t.</p><p>&#272;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a RTB: Khi b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u insight c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng local market, b&#7841;n m&#7899;i bi&#7871;t n&#234;n d&#249;ng &#8220;Speed&#8221; hay d&#249;ng &#8220;Design&#8221; l&#224;m v&#361; kh&#237; &#273;&#7875; ch&#7889;t &#273;&#417;n.</p><h4><strong>C&#250; b&#7867; l&#225;i: Go-To-Market Global</strong></h4><p>N&#243;i th&#234;m m&#7897;t ch&#250;t v&#7873; v&#7909; Go-To-Market Global &#7903; &#273;&#226;y: N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224;m global v&#224; &#273;ang trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n test, th&#236; vi&#7879;c launch &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam r&#7891;i b&#234; qua m&#7897;t n&#432;&#7899;c &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193; c&#243; t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t s&#234;m s&#234;m nhau th&#7853;t ra kh&#244;ng mang l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; h&#7885;c h&#7887;i. Th&#224; n&#233;m product v&#224;o hai qu&#7889;c gia c&#243; t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t ho&#224;n to&#224;n tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c nhau &#273;&#7875; v&#7905; m&#7897;ng s&#7899;m, b&#7841;n s&#7869; r&#250;t ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#224;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#7851;m m&#225;u nh&#432;ng x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u.</p><p>M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng c&#243; vi&#7871;t nhanh 2 b&#224;i GTM &#7903; &#273;&#226;y. Hi v&#7885;ng th&#234;m 1 g&#243;c nh&#236;n cho b&#7841;n v&#7873; GTM. </p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;aabc4d2b-e4db-4c3e-9e00-4fb05dddc69a&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Localization kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; chuy&#7875;n ng&#7919;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7853;p &#273;i x&#226;y l&#7841;i lu&#7891;ng h&#224;nh vi ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng (User flows) &#273;&#7875; kh&#7899;p v&#7899;i nh&#7883;p &#273;&#7853;p v&#259;n h&#243;a v&#224; quy lu&#7853;t c&#7911;a n&#432;&#7899;c s&#7903; t&#7841;i.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Ti&#7871;n &#273;&#225;nh Indonesia: 3 b&#224;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#7893; m&#225;u v&#7873; n&#7897;i &#273;&#7883;a h&#243;a&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:267697561,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Dat Huynh&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Let me walk you through how product rigor meets business acumen to create meaningful products.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/380527bc-dbdd-4b19-bc81-323835add389_1104x1102.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-30T14:30:52.634Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iPKt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d86dd52-5748-440e-ab32-7184ce6c5f49_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/tien-danh-indonesia-3-bai-hoc&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:192519952,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:2,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:3030377,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Datht's Reflections &quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hJI3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2439ef8b-d0d1-4eb5-9535-bd0d138e8445_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;de4e431d-ac79-4513-9d2c-71b1b71473b6&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Product-Market Fit (&#272;&#7897; ph&#249; h&#7907;p c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#224; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng) kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#237;nh di truy&#7873;n. Vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n l&#224; m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng top &#273;&#7847;u &#7903; s&#226;n nh&#224; kh&#244;ng ng&#259;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; &#7903; n&#432;&#7899;c kh&#225;c.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#432;a App sang th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng Th&#225;i Lan nh&#7919;ng pha ng&#227; ng&#7921;a ngay c&#7917;a ng&#245;. &quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:267697561,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Dat Huynh&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Let me walk you through how product rigor meets business acumen to create meaningful products.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/380527bc-dbdd-4b19-bc81-323835add389_1104x1102.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-03-31T13:44:36.395Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jRjX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fea61fdf7-3568-42f4-93b7-519a4bef1845_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/dua-app-sang-thi-truong-thai-lan&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:192521128,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:1,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:3030377,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Datht's Reflections &quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hJI3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2439ef8b-d0d1-4eb5-9535-bd0d138e8445_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><h3><strong>Segmentation: Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; r&#7853;p khu&#244;n Nam/N&#7919;, 18-35 tu&#7893;i</strong></h3><p>Nh&#7855;c t&#7899;i ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (Segmentation), d&#226;n Tech hay l&#244;i &#273;&#7889;ng data trong dashboard ra kh&#232; nhau: <em>&#8220;T&#7853;p kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a em l&#224; n&#7919;, d&#226;n v&#259;n ph&#242;ng, 18-35 tu&#7893;i, thu nh&#7853;p kh&#225;&#8221;</em>.</p><p>Nghe quen kh&#244;ng? &#272;&#7889;i th&#7911; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#361;ng &#273;ang v&#7869; y chang c&#225;i t&#7879;p &#273;&#243;. N&#7871;u t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u nh&#7855;m chung t&#7899;i m&#7897;t standard segment nh&#432; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i, gi&#7899;i t&#237;nh, thu nh&#7853;p th&#236; l&#7845;y &#273;&#226;u ra &#273;&#7845;t m&#224; c&#7841;nh tranh? Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#361;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t th&#7857;ng s&#7889;ng s&#243;t b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o s&#7845;p m&#7863;t.</p><p>M&#224; data c&#361;ng ch&#7881; r&#245; lu&#244;n: c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u marketing g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y cho th&#7845;y behavioral segmentation Data n&#243; v&#7895; m&#7863;t lu&#244;n: x&#224;i behavioral segmentation th&#236; t&#7881; l&#7879; ch&#7889;t &#273;&#417;n g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i, g&#7845;p ba, m&#224; ti&#7873;n ch&#7841;y Ads k&#233;o user v&#7873; (CPA) r&#7867; &#273;i ph&#226;n n&#7917;a. Kh&#225;ch quay l&#7841;i mua h&#224;ng c&#361;ng t&#259;ng h&#417;n ba ch&#7909;c ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m. Demographic cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t <em>ai</em> &#273;ang x&#224;i, nh&#432;ng behavioral m&#7899;i cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t <em>h&#7885; &#273;ang &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224;m g&#236;</em>. C&#225;i th&#7913; hai m&#7899;i l&#224; th&#7913; ki&#7871;m ra ti&#7873;n.</p><p>Chia s&#7867; v&#7873; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n kh&#250;c, anh Quang &#273;&#7853;p tan c&#225;i t&#432; duy chia r&#7893; data m&#225;y m&#243;c &#273;&#243; nh&#432; sau:</p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">H&#227;y b&#7845;m theo d&#245;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; <br>v&#7873; n&#7897;i dung c&#242;n l&#7841;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237; nh&#233;.</mark></strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </mark></p><p style="text-align: center;">Want to see the rest of this awesome Post ? <br>Just hit that <strong>subscribe button for free</strong> to unlock the full post right now! </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><blockquote><p>P/s : Seri B&#224;i vi&#7871;t c&#7911;a<a href="https://blog.datht.com/t/the-founders-lens"> the-founders-lens</a> l&#224; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t d&#7841;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n t&#7915; c&#225;c chia s&#7869; c&#225; nh&#226;n trong ph&#7841;m vi bu&#7893;i chia s&#7869; cho n&#7897;i b&#7897; team m&#236;nh v&#224; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c nh&#7853;n chia s&#7869; l&#234;n Blog. C&#225;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n view c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#234;u t&#234;n chia s&#7869; trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n th&#236; c&#7847;n/n&#234;n c&#243; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh c&#225;c g&#243;c nh&#236;n sai l&#7879;ch. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho m&#7909;c ti&#234;u t&#7841;o ra g&#243;c nh&#236;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; cho c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng Product Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p></blockquote>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Reality Check #13: 90% JD tuyển PM ở VN là viết vội cho xong. Team bạn có ai giống PM Google,Apple không? ]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#272;&#7885;c JD tuy&#7875;n Product Manager c&#7911;a v&#224;i startup Vi&#7879;t Nam, b&#7841;n s&#7869; t&#432;&#7903;ng h&#7885; &#273;ang t&#236;m Ti&#7875;u Steve Jobs. Nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871;, h&#7885; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m c&#417; b&#7843;n vi&#7879;c l&#224;m product v&#224; bi&#7871;t nghe l&#7901;i.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/reality-check-13-90-jd-tuyen-pm-o</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/reality-check-13-90-jd-tuyen-pm-o</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 06:30:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6li!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df9446c-b5dd-4542-ae85-4296480e524d_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>C&#244;ng ty t&#236;m PM gi&#7887;i Data, t&#432; duy chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c nh&#432; CEO, bi&#7871;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch A/B Testing m&#432;&#7907;t m&#224;, v&#224; ph&#7843;i ch&#7883;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p l&#7921;c cao ...m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng 25-30M</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6li!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df9446c-b5dd-4542-ae85-4296480e524d_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6li!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df9446c-b5dd-4542-ae85-4296480e524d_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z6li!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8df9446c-b5dd-4542-ae85-4296480e524d_1024x1024.png 848w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Chuy&#7879;n l&#224; m&#7845;y th&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c, c&#243; &#244;ng anh Founder quen n&#233;m qua c&#225;i JD tuy&#7875;n Senior PM nh&#7901; ki&#7871;m ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7897;.</p><p>M&#236;nh l&#432;&#7899;t c&#225;i JD m&#224; m&#7879;t ngang. Kh&#250;c &#273;&#7847;u &#7893;ng ghi c&#244;ng ty startup m&#432;&#7901;i m&#7845;y nh&#226;n s&#7921;, m&#224; kh&#250;c d&#432;&#7899;i y&#234;u c&#7847;u &#273;&#7885;c v&#244; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;ang tuy&#7875;n CEO cho thung l&#361;ng Silicon. N&#224;o l&#224; &#8220;t&#7847;m nh&#236;n chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c&#8221;, &#8220;data-driven&#8221;, r&#7891;i &#8220;d&#7851;n d&#7855;t cross-functional team&#8221;.</p><p>M&#236;nh m&#7899;i nh&#7855;n l&#7841;i: &#7910;a anh, b&#234;n anh x&#224;i Mixpanel r&#7899;t data l&#234;n r&#7899;t xu&#7889;ng m&#224; &#273;&#242;i &#7913;ng vi&#234;n v&#244; ch&#7841;y A/B testing ki&#7875;u g&#236;? R&#7891;i l&#7905; n&#243; v&#244; n&#243; &#273;&#242;i &#273;&#7853;p b&#7887; c&#225;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng anh t&#226;m &#273;&#7855;c nh&#7845;t th&#236; anh c&#243; &#273;&#7875; y&#234;n cho n&#243; l&#224;m kh&#244;ng?</p><p>&#7892;ng rep v&#7847;y n&#232;: <em>&#8220;Th&#236;... data r&#225;c thi&#7879;t. C&#242;n t&#237;nh n&#259;ng anh ch&#7889;t h&#7871;t r&#7891;i, tuy&#7875;n PM v&#244; ch&#7911; y&#7871;u &#273;&#7875; g&#245; spec cho Dev n&#243; code m&#432;&#7907;t th&#244;i em.&#8221;</em></p><p>Nghe ch&#225;n kh&#244;ng? M&#224; n&#243;i tr&#7855;ng ra &#273;&#226;y l&#224; c&#250; l&#7915;a kinh &#273;i&#7875;n c&#7911;a gi&#7899;i tech nh&#224; m&#236;nh bao n&#259;m nay.</p><p>M&#7845;y nay c&#225;i h&#7897;i ch&#7913;ng ng&#225;o JD n&#243; l&#226;y lan qu&#225;. HR v&#7899;i s&#7871;p r&#7843;nh r&#7843;nh to&#224;n l&#234;n m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7907;m m&#7845;y c&#225;i v&#259;n m&#7851;u JD c&#7911;a FAANG v&#7873;, x&#243;a t&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;i r&#7891;i &#273;&#7855;p logo c&#244;ng ty m&#236;nh v&#244;. Xong m&#7845;y b&#7841;n &#7913;ng vi&#234;n chi&#7871;u m&#7899;i l&#7841;i l&#244;i case study ra c&#224;y, h&#7885;c v&#7865;t d&#259;m ba c&#225;i framework, &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh v&#244; l&#224;m s&#7869; th&#224;nh Mini-CEO c&#7847;m s&#7889; li&#7879;u &#273;i d&#7865;p lo&#7841;n.</p><p>T&#7899;i l&#250;c on-board m&#7899;i ng&#227; ng&#7917;a.</p><h2><strong>The Theory: Product Manager l&#224; Mini-CEO</strong></h2><p>L&#253; thuy&#7871;t &#273;&#227; n&#243;i r&#7857;ng PM l&#224; Mini CEO c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. B&#7841;n l&#224; giao &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a Business, UX, v&#224; Tech. B&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trao quy&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p, v&#224; ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m v&#7899;i outcome ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i output.</p><p>L&#253; thuy&#7871;t n&#224;y r&#7845;t hay. N&#243; l&#224; ch&#226;n l&#253;. Nh&#432;ng n&#243; ch&#7881; &#273;&#250;ng khi b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m vi&#7879;c &#7903; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty c&#243; Product Culture th&#7921;c s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh.</p><p>C&#225;i n&#224;y kh&#7887;i c&#7847;n th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#361;ng th&#7845;y, &#273;a ph&#7847;n m&#7845;y c&#244;ng ty tech m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t &#273;a ph&#7847;n l&#224; x&#432;&#7903;ng gia c&#244;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng v&#224; hi&#7871;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m product v&#224; c&#243; l&#224;m product c&#361;ng c&#242;n nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; ph&#7843;i xem l&#7841;i. &#7902; m&#7845;y ch&#7895; n&#224;y l&#224;m g&#236; c&#243; chuy&#7879;n v&#7869; roadmap t&#7915; n&#7895;i &#273;au kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Roadmap to&#224;n &#273;&#7867; ra l&#250;c s&#7871;p &#273;i nh&#7853;u n&#7843;y s&#7889;, ho&#7863;c do m&#7845;y anh ch&#7883; Sales l&#7905; m&#7891;m h&#7913;a b&#7915;a v&#7899;i kh&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; ch&#7889;t deal, xong qu&#259;ng nguy&#234;n c&#7909;c n&#7907; v&#7873; cho Product. Th&#7881;nh tho&#7843;ng th&#7845;y &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; c&#243; c&#225;i n&#250;t m&#7899;i c&#361;ng cay c&#250; &#233;p dev copy y chang.</p><p>L&#250;c n&#224;y th&#236; m&#225;c Mini-CEO v&#7913;t s&#7885;t r&#225;c. PM b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t b&#7883; gi&#225;ng c&#7845;p th&#224;nh th&#7907; cook PRD tr&#7891;ng th&#234;m 1 v&#224;i PM l&#224; l&#224; P trong Project.</p><p>Ch&#7843; ai quan t&#226;m b&#7841;n th&#7855;c m&#7855;c t&#7841;i sao ph&#7843;i l&#224;m. Vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; c&#7847;m x&#7845;p t&#224;i li&#7879;u &#273;i d&#7895; d&#224;nh Dev, d&#237; deadline b&#7857;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Ch&#7853;m th&#236; b&#7841;n &#259;n ch&#7917;i, l&#7905; app ra kh&#244;ng ai x&#224;i th&#236; s&#7871;p b&#297;u m&#244;i b&#7843;o UX l&#224;m d&#7903; &#7865;c.</p><p>Th&#224;nh ra tuy&#7875;n m&#7845;y &#244;ng m&#7897;ng m&#417; ki&#7875;u ti&#7875;u Steve Jobs v&#7873; l&#224;m th&#7907; g&#245; spec th&#236; tr&#7909; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7845;y h&#7891;i? C&#227;i nhau &#7887;m t&#7887;i, &#7913;c ch&#7871; r&#7891;i ngh&#7881;. S&#7871;p l&#7841;i l&#234;n m&#7841;ng than th&#7903; sao gi&#7901; tuy&#7875;n PM kh&#243; th&#7871;, t&#7909;i nh&#7887; &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng qu&#225;.</p><p>N&#243;i thi&#7879;t, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi n&#233;m ti&#7873;n ch&#7841;y tuy&#7875;n d&#7909;ng, c&#225;c s&#7871;p soi g&#432;&#417;ng nh&#236;n l&#7841;i c&#225;i ru&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty m&#236;nh x&#237;u &#273;i. N&#7871;u c&#244;ng ty s&#7889;ng nh&#7901; Sales, &#273;&#7909;ng chuy&#7879;n g&#236; s&#7871;p c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i duy&#7879;t cu&#7889;i, th&#236; d&#7865;p c&#225;i tr&#242; tuy&#7875;n PM chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c gi&#249;m. Ti&#7873;n &#273;&#243; &#273;i thu&#234; m&#7845;y b&#7841;n PO hay BA c&#7913;ng tay v&#7873; c&#224;y spec, g&#245; ticket d&#237; Dev c&#243; ph&#7843;i s&#432;&#7899;ng h&#417;n kh&#244;ng. &#272;&#7915;ng c&#243; &#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i ta v&#7869; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Cohort hay t&#237;nh LTV trong khi c&#225;i tool tracking c&#224;i c&#242;n ch&#432;a xong. Th&#224; ki&#7871;m m&#7897;t b&#7841;n ch&#7883;u l&#7871;t x&#225;c ra ngo&#224;i, b&#7883; kh&#225;ch ch&#7917;i th&#7859;ng m&#7863;t &#273;&#7875; th&#7845;m c&#225;i app n&#243; l&#7903;m ch&#7895; n&#224;o c&#242;n ngon h&#417;n v&#7841;n l&#7847;n m&#7845;y c&#225;i b&#7843;ng b&#259;m data &#7843;o. S&#242;ng ph&#7859;ng ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u cho &#273;&#7905; phi&#7873;n. C&#242;n l&#432;&#417;ng tr&#7843; 25-30 c&#7911; th&#236; b&#7899;t b&#7855;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ta g&#225;nh sinh t&#7917; c&#244;ng ty l&#7841;i, mu&#7889;n nh&#226;n vi&#234;n b&#225;n m&#7841;ng th&#236; c&#7893; ph&#7847;n hay th&#432;&#7903;ng b&#233;t nh&#232; ra.</p><h2><strong>The Patch: &#272;&#7883;nh v&#7883; l&#7841;i th&#7921;c t&#7841;i </strong></h2><p>&#272;&#7875; &#273;&#7905; l&#7915;a nhau r&#7891;i v&#224;i th&#225;ng l&#7841;i chia tay, c&#225;c s&#7871;p c&#7913; soi g&#432;&#417;ng ch&#7889;t th&#7859;ng m&#7845;y v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y tr&#432;&#7899;c khi vi&#7871;t JD &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng turnover rate cao ng&#7845;t ng&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7899;i 3 &#273;i&#7875;m d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y :</p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">H&#227;y b&#7845;m theo d&#245;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; <br>v&#7873; n&#7897;i dung c&#242;n l&#7841;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237; nh&#233;.</mark></strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </mark></p><p style="text-align: center;">Want to see the rest of this awesome Post ? <br>Just hit that <strong>subscribe button for free</strong> to unlock the full post right now! </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>T&#243;m l&#7841;i l&#224;</strong> m&#7845;y anh/ch&#7883; Founder c&#7913; th&#7853;t s&#7921; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i th&#7859;ng th&#7855;n: C&#7847;n m&#7897;t c&#225;i &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7875; c&#249;ng ngh&#297; chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c hay c&#7847;n m&#7897;t &#273;&#244;i tay g&#245; spec cho nhanh? T&#237;nh sao th&#236; t&#237;nh nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7915;ng copy JD n&#7919;a.</p></div><p><a href="https://www.datht.com/">T.D</a>, <br>T8.2026</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Founder's Lens #4: Anh Vương Quang Khải Zalo|Triết lý Trade-off và góc nhìn về người làm sản phẩm xuất sắc.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Quan &#273;i&#7875;m c&#225; nh&#226;n v&#7899;i a Kh&#7843;i v&#7873; ngh&#7873; l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7893;i, g&#233;t A/B testing, v&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m m&#236;nh ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n: T&#7841;i sao c&#7913; &#273;&#7875; team quy&#7871;t sai l&#7841;i t&#7889;t h&#417;n.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-4-anh-vuong-quang</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-4-anh-vuong-quang</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 07:43:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIW8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa53d10ee-c7d0-4bf1-a1f4-af1f80c3092b_1189x641.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="pullquote"><p><em><strong>C&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7889;t kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7913;ng c&#249;ng m&#7897;t ph&#237;a. &#272;&#7871;n m&#7897;t th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;o &#273;&#243;, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; ph&#7843;i l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n gi&#7919;a hai th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u t&#7889;t. V&#224; &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i l&#224; vi&#7879;c kh&#243; nh&#7845;t.</strong></em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp" width="547" height="294.892346509672" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:641,&quot;width&quot;:1189,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:547,&quot;bytes&quot;:40492,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/210183947?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!u4Gi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb8e7967d-00e0-4357-890f-7c7ee66162df_1189x641.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div></div><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i vi&#7871;t s&#226;u v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t. B&#7841;n n&#234;n &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i a Kh&#7843;i tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. N&#7871;u c&#243; th&#7875; h&#227;y &#273;&#7885;c n&#243; v&#224;i l&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u quan &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a anh Kh&#7843;i v&#236; sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; chia s&#7869; quan &#273;i&#7875;m c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#7873; b&#224;i chia s&#7869; c&#7911;a a Kh&#7843;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c public. Ex Zalo / Pass Pv anh Kh&#7843;i. </p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>&#272;&#7885;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t vi&#7871;t c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#7911;a anh Kh&#7843;i.VQ th&#7875; &#7903; b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i</strong></p></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://zalo.me/vi/founder" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cldh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febd9bce0-a9d6-4346-b645-6fee4637acd1_733x292.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cldh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febd9bce0-a9d6-4346-b645-6fee4637acd1_733x292.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cldh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febd9bce0-a9d6-4346-b645-6fee4637acd1_733x292.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cldh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febd9bce0-a9d6-4346-b645-6fee4637acd1_733x292.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cldh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febd9bce0-a9d6-4346-b645-6fee4637acd1_733x292.png" width="715" height="284.8294679399727" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cldh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febd9bce0-a9d6-4346-b645-6fee4637acd1_733x292.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cldh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febd9bce0-a9d6-4346-b645-6fee4637acd1_733x292.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cldh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febd9bce0-a9d6-4346-b645-6fee4637acd1_733x292.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Cldh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Febd9bce0-a9d6-4346-b645-6fee4637acd1_733x292.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="https://zalo.me/vi/founder">https://zalo.me/vi/founder</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Nh&#7899; l&#7841;i m&#259;m 2014, m&#236;nh c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#7891;i trong ph&#242;ng ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n v&#7899;i anh Khaivq. </p><p>D&#249; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#7921; v&#7885;c v&#7841;ch build v&#224;i app c&#249;ng team nh&#7887; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t l&#224;m game, c&#361;ng gom &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#224;i tr&#259;m ng&#224;n user, nh&#432;ng th&#250; th&#7853;t, ch&#7915;ng &#273;&#243; ch&#7843; l&#224; g&#236; c&#7843; do h&#234;n v&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#361;ng clone &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng. L&#224;m m&#7897;t c&#225;i app nh&#7887; cho vui n&#243; kh&#225;c m&#7897;t tr&#7901;i m&#7897;t v&#7921;c v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c l&#224;m Product to&#224;n di&#7879;n &#7903; scale h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng. Quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh sau khi pass &#273;&#7855;n &#273;o r&#7891;i kh&#259;n g&#243;i chuy&#7875;n h&#7859;n v&#224;o l&#7841;i TP.HCM l&#224;m vi&#7879;c h&#7891;i &#273;&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i to&#224;n b&#7897; qu&#7929; &#273;&#7841;o s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. Email trao &#273;&#7893;i &#253; ch&#237;nh &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#7853;y th&#244;i vi&#7879;c process nhanh v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; t&#7915; Hr &#273;&#7907;t &#273;&#243; l&#224; gi&#250;p m&#236;nh b&#7887; c&#225;c lo l&#7855;ng ph&#7843;i r&#7901;i &#272;n khi ch&#432;a c&#243; nhi&#7873;u chu&#7849;n b&#7883;. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png" width="512" height="299.92899408284023" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hOqi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcbd29d70-4a6b-4837-80e1-07b227b6df31_676x396.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#417; duy&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c Zalo ng&#7887; l&#7901;i m&#7901;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, c&#243; l&#7869; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; kh&#244;ng c&#243; giai &#273;o&#7841;n 4-5 n&#259;m v&#249;i &#273;&#7847;u thu&#7847;n t&#250;y v&#224;o vi&#7879;c build Product d&#249; nhi&#7873;u khi th&#7845;y to&#224;n d&#237;nh c&#225;c d&#7921; &#225;n kh&#249; kh&#7847;m fail nhi&#7873;u. Nh&#432;ng m&#7895;i anh &#7903; Zalo h&#7891;i &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ri&#234;ng: kh&#225;c t&#237;nh, kh&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7873;u chung m&#7897;t ch&#7845;t: m&#234; ngh&#7873; v&#224; mu&#7889;n l&#224;m v&#224; tr&#225;i t&#237;nh. M&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#243; r&#232;n cho m&#236;nh &#273;&#7885;c nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7911; th&#7913; tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i, &#273;&#7875; sau n&#224;y c&#243; t&#253; b&#7843;n l&#297;nh qua nh&#7919;ng t&#7893; ch&#7913;c ti&#7871;p theo. &#272;&#7871;n t&#7853;n b&#226;y gi&#7901;, m&#236;nh v&#7851;n lu&#244;n tin Zalo l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng l&#242; luy&#7879;n t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#7875; h&#7885;c c&#225;ch l&#224;m Product. C&#225;c b&#7841;n tr&#7867; quan t&#226;m c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o PM m&#224; Zalo tuy&#7875;n h&#7857;ng n&#259;m m&#224; th&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7843; ai &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o.</p><p>Quay l&#7841;i vi&#7879;c Anh Kh&#7843;i &#273;&#227; c&#243; m&#7897;t b&#224;i chia s&#7867; c&#7921;c k&#7923; hi&#7871;m hoi d&#224;nh cho c&#225;c b&#7841;n tr&#7867; v&#7873; tri&#7871;t l&#253; l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a &#7843;nh. M&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7917;i &#273;&#7885;c tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; cho quan &#273;i&#7875;m, n&#234;n m&#236;nh c&#361;ng vi&#7871;t b&#224;i n&#224;y lu&#244;n, th&#7921;c ra &#273;&#226;y l&#224; b&#224;i kh&#243; vi&#7871;t v&#7899;i m&#236;nh v&#7899;i blog n&#7919;a m&#249;a g&#7847;n 1 n&#259;m nay, khi n&#224;o &#7843;nh v&#224; Zalo public th&#236; m&#236;nh chia s&#7869; c&#249;ng cho n&#243;ng =)) </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDJT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd639dfc-6f03-4863-a307-be06e82c1a63_2131x3253.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDJT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd639dfc-6f03-4863-a307-be06e82c1a63_2131x3253.png" width="2131" height="3253" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">T&#7893;ng h&#7907;p - V&#7873; l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m - Khai.vq</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ai t&#7915;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i anh Kh&#7843;i &#273;&#7873;u bi&#7871;t: &#7903; Zalo x&#432;a c&#243; v&#259;n ho&#225; &#237;t l&#234;n &#273;&#224;n ch&#233;m gi&#243; l&#7855;m, l&#224;m l&#224; ch&#237;nh, kh&#244;ng th&#237;ch m&#224;u m&#232;, c&#243; khi m&#7845;y anh c&#242;n ch&#7917;i te le n&#7871;u ai l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i v&#224; c&#225;c b&#7841;n ngo&#224;i ch&#7843; bao gi&#7901; th&#7845;y ai chia s&#7869; th&#7871; n&#224;o l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m trong Zalo. To&#224;n b&#7897; n&#7897;i dung chia s&#7867; l&#7847;n n&#224;y c&#7911;a anh kh&#244;ng ki&#7875;u slide &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o, kh&#244;ng c&#243; m&#7845;y t&#7915; kh&#243;a buzzword. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n, &#273;&#7853;p th&#7859;ng v&#224;o v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; b&#7857;ng &#273;&#250;ng ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t builder th&#7921;c chi&#7871;n, ch&#7855;c c&#243; khi anh &#273;&#227; m&#7845;t ng&#7911; s&#7917;a t&#7899;i lui hi v&#7885;ng ae hi&#7875;u &#253; &#273;&#250;ng &#253; &#7843;nh vi&#7871;t v&#224; c&#242;n th&#7845;y nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh <strong>&#8220;T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; t&#244;i chia s&#7867; t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u t&#7899;i gi&#7901; c&#243; th&#7875; ho&#224;n to&#224;n sai&#8221;</strong> &#128517;</p><p>H&#244;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7853;n, m&#236;nh &#273;&#7885;c &#273;i &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i v&#224;i l&#7847;n,v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng &#253; &#273;a ph&#7847;n (&#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y v&#7851;n ch&#432;a &#273;&#7885;c th&#236; &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#227; nh&#233;). N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7885;c c&#225;c b&#224;i m&#236;nh vi&#7871;t g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y, c&#243; khi s&#7869; th&#7845;y nhi&#7873;u &#253; g&#7847;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#236;nh c&#7901;, anh em &#7903; Zalo th&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;a ph&#7847;n t&#7921; h&#7885;c l&#224; ch&#237;nh, v&#224; nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; nh&#432; th&#7845;m t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u ko r&#245; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7915; c&#225;ch t&#7893; ch&#7913;c v&#224; mindset t&#7915; c&#225;c anh leader, c&#243; l&#7867; th&#7871;. Nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng c&#243; v&#224;i &#273;i&#7875;m m&#236;nh c&#243; quan &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c, v&#224; n&#7871;u tranh lu&#7853;n v&#7899;i &#7843;nh v&#7873; v&#7909; l&#224;m product m&#236;nh c&#361;ng s&#7869; n&#243;i c&#225;c &#253; m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#253;. </p><p>M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t gi&#7901; &#7903; Zalo kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t gi&#7901; c&#242;n ai c&#227;i nhau v&#7899;i &#7843;nh nh&#432; ng&#224;y tr&#432;&#7899;c kh&#244;ng ? X&#432;a ph&#242;ng k&#237;nh h&#7885;p hay &#224;o &#224;o. Th&#7921;c ra, n&#7871;u ai &#273;&#243; h&#7887;i m&#236;nh ngo&#224;i c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c, &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p ra th&#236; nh&#7899; nh&#7845;t &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; v&#7873; v&#259;n ho&#225; Zalo ng&#224;y x&#432;a, m&#236;nh s&#7869; ch&#7885;n c&#225;i v&#259;n ho&#225; &#8220;&#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#233;p c&#227;i nhau&#8221; kh&#7883;a nhau ra m&#7863;t. V&#224;o ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p c&#7843;i nhau &#7847;m &#297; &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; quan &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#7871;n c&#249;ng, nh&#432;ng b&#432;&#7899;c ra kh&#7887;i c&#7917;a l&#224; kh&#244;ng ai &#273;&#7875; b&#7909;ng, vi&#7879;c ai n&#7845;y l&#224;m. V&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t: ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; m&#236;nh c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#8220;kh&#244;ng an to&#224;n&#8221; khi d&#225;m n&#243;i th&#7859;ng, n&#243;i ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c s&#7871;p. C&#243; th&#7875; th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i b&#226;y gi&#7901; &#273;&#227; kh&#225;c, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta chu&#7897;ng s&#7921; d&#297; h&#242;a vi qu&#253;, c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#361;ng t&#7915; t&#7889;n h&#417;n, c&#7913; ph&#7843;i &#8220;t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng nhau&#8221; r&#224;o tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;n sau m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#259;n ho&#225; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c an to&#224;n ch&#259;ng?</p><h2><strong>B&#7879;nh &#272;&#7869;o c&#224;y gi&#7919;a &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; c&#250; l&#7915;a A/B Testing</strong></h2><p>Gi&#7899;i l&#224;m Product &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i &#273;ang m&#7855;c m&#7897;t c&#259;n b&#7879;nh r&#7845;t kh&#243; ch&#7919;a: T&#244;n th&#7901; s&#7889; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch m&#249; qu&#225;ng. C&#7913; h&#7877; tranh lu&#7853;n kh&#244;ng ng&#227; ng&#361; l&#224; l&#244;i data ra l&#224;m c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n che th&#226;n.</p><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;o&#7841;n anh Kh&#7843;i vi&#7871;t l&#224;m m&#236;nh c&#7921;c k&#7923; t&#226;m &#273;&#7855;c: <em>&#8220;Tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#243; nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n m&#7897;t gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p, nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7869; mu&#7889;n A/B testing &#273;&#7875; ch&#7885;n ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n. T&#244;i &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t gh&#233;t c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n n&#224;y... Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m d&#7921;a tr&#234;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; A/B testing gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &#272;&#7869;o c&#224;y gi&#7919;a &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng, t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ch&#7855;p v&#225; kh&#244;ng c&#243; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#7893;ng th&#7875;.&#8221;</em></p><p>Ch&#237;nh x&#225;c. (M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng n&#243;i v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y trong b&#224;i <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-8-data-driven-delusion">The Reality Check #8: S&#7921; hoang t&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a Data-driven</a></strong>, anh em c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i).</p><p>Nhi&#7873;u PM hi&#7879;n nay c&#7913; m&#7903; m&#7891;m ra l&#224; &#273;&#7875; em ch&#7841;y A/B test. L&#224;m nh&#432; A/B test l&#224; &#273;&#361;a th&#7847;n kh&#244;ng b&#7857;ng.</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t h&#7885; th&#7921;c s&#7921; mu&#7889;n g&#236; cho &#273;&#7871;n khi b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;a n&#243; ra tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7863;t h&#7885;. N&#7871;u c&#7913; ngoan ngo&#227;n v&#226;ng l&#7901;i p-value t&#7915; 10,000 user, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7853;m ch&#237; ch&#7843; r&#7843;nh &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u c&#225;i vision t&#7893;ng th&#7875; c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7867; ra m&#7897;t c&#225;i qu&#225;i thai Frankenstein m&#7895;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng, m&#7895;i c&#225;i n&#250;t b&#7845;m t&#7889;i &#432;u cho m&#7897;t ch&#7881; s&#7889; c&#7909;c b&#7897;, nh&#432;ng r&#225;p l&#7841;i th&#236; t&#7893;ng th&#7875; c&#225;i app tr&#244;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t m&#7899; r&#225;c b&#232;o nh&#232;o. &#272;&#7865;p theo t&#7915;ng m&#7843;nh v&#7909;n nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i x&#7845;u to&#224;n c&#7909;c.</p><p>Anh Kh&#7843;i nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n giai tho&#7841;i Google t&#7915;ng test 41 s&#7855;c &#273;&#7897; xanh n&#259;m 2009. D&#226;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t r&#7845;t kho&#225;i tr&#242; n&#224;y v&#236; n&#243; an to&#224;n. B&#7841;n &#273;&#7849;y tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh cho s&#7889; li&#7879;u. App m&#224; x&#7883;t th&#236; c&#7913; b&#224;i <em>&#8220;do data n&#243; b&#7849;u th&#7871;, em l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng quy tr&#236;nh&#8221;</em> m&#224; c&#227;i. Nh&#432;ng l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#7911; t&#7847;m &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i ng&#432;&#7901;i PM ph&#7843;i d&#225;m ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7857;ng tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c, b&#7857;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m v&#224; s&#7921; th&#7845;u c&#7843;m (User Empathy). Data ch&#7881; ra ch&#7895; n&#224;o &#273;ang ch&#7843;y m&#225;u, nh&#432;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng thu&#7889;c ch&#7919;a tr&#7883; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; kh&#7889;i &#243;c con ng&#432;&#7901;i. Th&#7871; n&#234;n m&#7845;y b&#224;i b&#225;o x&#7841;o s&#7921; b&#7843;o AI s&#7869; thay th&#7871; PM nghe n&#243; bu&#7891;n c&#432;&#7901;i. AI ch&#7881; thay th&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7845;y &#244;ng PM t&#7891;i th&#244;i.</p><p>N&#243;i tr&#7855;ng ra: Data gi&#7887;i l&#7855;m th&#236; ch&#7881; b&#225;o cho b&#7841;n c&#225;i <em>What</em>, lu&#7891;ng n&#224;o &#273;ang drop, b&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;o user b&#7887; ngang. Nh&#432;ng <em>Why</em> v&#224; <em>How</em> th&#236; qu&#234;n &#273;i, kh&#244;ng c&#225;i dashboard n&#224;o tr&#7843; l&#7901;i h&#7897; b&#7841;n &#273;&#226;u. T&#7841;i sao h&#7885; b&#7887;? S&#7917;a th&#7871; n&#224;o m&#7899;i &#273;&#250;ng? C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i n&#7857;m trong tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; n&#7871;m &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#242;n &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c s&#7921; hi&#7875;u user.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_CbM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b0c99fb-7bf5-43d6-a99b-ac7ce22f8a23_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_CbM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b0c99fb-7bf5-43d6-a99b-ac7ce22f8a23_1024x1024.png 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_CbM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b0c99fb-7bf5-43d6-a99b-ac7ce22f8a23_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_CbM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b0c99fb-7bf5-43d6-a99b-ac7ce22f8a23_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_CbM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b0c99fb-7bf5-43d6-a99b-ac7ce22f8a23_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_CbM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b0c99fb-7bf5-43d6-a99b-ac7ce22f8a23_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>Trade-off: L&#7921;a ch&#7885;n m&#225;u me gi&#7919;a hai c&#225;i T&#7888;T</strong></h2><p>B&#7845;t k&#7923; ai l&#224;m PM &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u, &#259;n sh*t qua v&#224;i product l&#7899;n &#273;&#7873;u s&#7869; n&#7871;m qua c&#7843;m gi&#225;c n&#224;y: Sale mu&#7889;n nh&#233;t th&#234;m pop-up banner &#273;&#7875; ra s&#7889;, Dev mu&#7889;n b&#243;p b&#7899;t lu&#7891;ng cho nh&#7865; server, UX th&#236; &#273;&#242;i m&#7885;i th&#7913; m&#432;&#7907;t m&#224; b&#243;ng b&#7849;y kh&#244;ng t&#236; v&#7871;t. Nghe ai c&#361;ng c&#243; l&#253;, ai c&#361;ng v&#7883;n v&#224;o c&#225;i c&#7899; &#8220;v&#236; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m&#8221;. C&#243; khi ch&#237;nh m&#7845;y &#244;ng PM s&#225;ng s&#7899;m nghe s&#7871;p khen m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng c&#7911;a &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911;, s&#7907; s&#7871;p ph&#7853;t &#253; th&#7871; l&#224; l&#7853;t &#273;&#7853;t nh&#233;t lu&#244;n v&#224;o sprint ng&#224;y mai b&#7845;t ch&#7845;p n&#243; c&#243; ph&#225; n&#225;t lu&#7891;ng hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng l&#224;m g&#236; c&#243; chuy&#7879;n ngon &#259;n th&#7871;. Anh Kh&#7843;i &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a s&#7921; &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7893;i (Trade-off) r&#7845;t r&#245; r&#224;ng nh&#432; sau:</p><ul><li><p>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n <strong>M&#7841;nh m&#7869;</strong>? B&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#225;nh m&#7845;t s&#7921; <strong>&#272;&#417;n gi&#7843;n</strong>.</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n <strong>Vui v&#7867;</strong>? B&#7841;n s&#7869; l&#224;m gi&#7843;m &#273;i &#273;&#7897; <strong>Tin c&#7853;y</strong>.</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n <strong>Hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;</strong>? Ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7899;i t&#237;nh <strong>Ri&#234;ng t&#432;</strong>.</p></li></ul><p>L&#224;m Zalo, &#225;p l&#7921;c c&#7841;nh tranh v&#7899;i c&#225;c con qu&#225;i v&#7853;t nh&#432; Facebook, WhatsApp, Viber hay Wechat th&#7901;i &#273;&#7845;y l&#224; c&#7921;c l&#7899;n. Nh&#432;ng c&#225;i th&#250; v&#7883; nh&#7845;t trong b&#224;i c&#7911;a anh Kh&#7843;i l&#224; anh k&#7875; v&#224; c&#361;ng th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n v&#7873; Zing Me m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i n&#259;m 2009, t&#7915;ng ch&#7841;m &#273;&#7871;n 10 tri&#7879;u user nh&#432;ng cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng v&#7851;n h&#7909;t h&#417;i tr&#432;&#7899;c Facebook v&#224; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#243;ng c&#7917;a. Th&#7845;t b&#7841;i &#273;&#243; bu&#7897;c anh ph&#7843;i t&#432; duy l&#7841;i t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u: <em>kh&#244;ng th&#7875; l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; r&#7891;i c&#7841;nh tranh tr&#7921;c di&#7879;n, c&#225;ch duy nh&#7845;t l&#224; ti&#7871;n v&#224;o ng&#225;ch &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; kh&#244;ng xem tr&#7885;ng.</em> Zalo &#273;&#432;&#7907;c build tr&#234;n lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#243;: kh&#244;ng &#273;ua v&#361; trang t&#237;nh n&#259;ng, t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o &#273;&#250;ng ba &#273;i&#7875;m y&#7871;u m&#224; &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; ngo&#7841;i xem nh&#7865; tr&#234;n h&#7841; t&#7847;ng vi&#7877;n th&#244;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam th&#7901;i &#273;&#243;: <strong>T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897;, &#7892;n &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; Ri&#234;ng t&#432;</strong>.</p><p>M&#7845;u ch&#7889;t &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224;: L&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#244;ng c&#243; ch&#226;n l&#253; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i, quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; ch&#7885;n c&#225;i g&#236; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i ng&#7919; c&#7843;nh l&#250;c &#273;&#243;<strong>.</strong> Zalo &#7903; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c kh&#225;c, v&#7899;i ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c kh&#225;c, &#7903; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c, c&#243; l&#7869; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c build theo m&#7897;t tri&#7871;t l&#253; ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#225;c. Hi&#7875;u &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#224; hi&#7875;u t&#7841;i sao copy-paste framework t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c v&#7873; d&#249;ng b&#7853;y l&#224; &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng hay &#273;&#7913;ng ngo&#224;i ph&#225;n x&#233;t l&#224; d&#7905; h&#417;i b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng &#7903; v&#7883; tr&#237; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; quy&#7871;t, n&#243;i lu&#244;n d&#7877; h&#417;n l&#224;m.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c nh&#7855;m m&#7855;t say Yes &#273;&#7875; th&#234;m m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng v&#224;o app th&#236; qu&#225; d&#7877;. Nh&#432;ng c&#7855;n r&#259;ng ch&#7863;t b&#7887; m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng m&#224; anh em Dev &#273;&#227; t&#7889;n h&#224;ng th&#225;ng tr&#7901;i code s&#7845;p m&#7863;t ng&#224;y &#273;&#234;m, ch&#7881; v&#236; n&#243; ph&#225; v&#7905; s&#7921; &#8220;&#272;&#417;n gi&#7843;n&#8221; c&#7911;a t&#7893;ng th&#7875;. &#272;&#243; m&#7899;i l&#224; b&#7843;n l&#297;nh th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;m tr&#7883;ch. Anh Kh&#7843;i c&#243; n&#243;i trong b&#224;i r&#7857;ng ch&#237;nh anh t&#7915;ng ph&#7843;i t&#7921; tay g&#7905; b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c m&#224; b&#7843;n th&#226;n anh r&#7845;t th&#237;ch x&#224;i, ch&#7881; v&#236; 80 tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ph&#7893; th&#244;ng ngo&#224;i kia kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n n&#243;.</p><p>M&#236;nh hi&#7875;u t&#7841;i sao anh Kh&#7843;i ch&#7885;n th&#7871;. Zalo l&#224; mass market. 80 tri&#7879;u user &#273;a ph&#7847;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i power user. H&#7885; ch&#7881; mu&#7889;n nh&#7855;n tin nhanh, g&#7885;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, kh&#244;ng crash. Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#243;, hy sinh t&#237;nh n&#259;ng productivity &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh h&#7907;p l&#253;. Nh&#432;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#243; c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c copy sang m&#7885;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#244;ng? </p><p>Slack kh&#244;ng th&#7875; b&#7887; t&#237;nh n&#259;ng productivity v&#236; &#273;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#253; do t&#7891;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a h&#7885;. Microsoft Teams kh&#244;ng th&#7875; b&#7887; thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p quy&#7873;n truy c&#7853;p ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p ch&#7881; v&#236; user ph&#7893; th&#244;ng th&#7845;y kh&#243;. Tri&#7871;t l&#253; &#273;&#7843;o ng&#432;&#7907;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n. C&#224;ng l&#224;m B2B ho&#7863;c tool cho power user, b&#7841;n &#273;&#244;i khi c&#224;ng ph&#7843;i <em>th&#234;m</em> &#273;&#7897; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7899;t. Trade-off c&#7911;a b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#243;a ch&#7859;ng kh&#243;a d&#226;y, n&#243; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o <em>ai l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n</em>.</p><p>Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t &#273;&#250;ng sai th&#236; d&#7877; qu&#225;, ai ch&#7843; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. B&#7843;n ch&#7845;t Trade-off ch&#7859;ng qua l&#224; c&#7855;n r&#259;ng ch&#7885;n gi&#7919;a hai th&#7913; &#272;&#7872;U &#272;&#218;NG, r&#7891;i ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n nh&#236;n m&#7897;t b&#234;n r&#7881; m&#225;u &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; cho c&#225;i c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#242;n s&#7889;ng.</p><h2><strong>Founder Mindset: Ni&#7873;m tin c&#7921;c &#273;oan v&#224; t&#7889; ch&#7845;t Builder</strong></h2><p>Trong b&#224;i <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/founder-mode-loi-noi-doi-ngot-ngao">Founder Mode: L&#7901;i n&#243;i d&#7889;i ng&#7885;t ng&#224;o nh&#7845;t thung l&#361;ng Silicon</a></strong>, m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng n&#243;i c&#225;i tr&#224;o l&#432;u Founder l&#7845;y c&#7899; micromanage &#273;&#7875; t&#224;n ph&#225; quy tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a team. M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; n&#243;i v&#7873; s&#7921; &#273;&#7897;c h&#7841;i khi Founder can thi&#7879;p th&#244; b&#7841;o v&#224;o s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n scale-up.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng khi &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i c&#7911;a anh Kh&#7843;i, m&#236;nh l&#7841;i th&#7845;y m&#7897;t m&#7843;ng gh&#233;p kh&#225;c c&#7911;a c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n: <strong>S&#7921; c&#7921;c &#273;oan c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t c&#7911;a Founder &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n Zero-to-One.</strong></p><p>&#272;&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u build m&#7897;t product m&#7899;i toanh, n&#7871;u KH&#212;NG C&#211; Founder Mindset, b&#7841;n g&#7847;n nh&#432; c&#7847;m ch&#7855;c c&#225;i ch&#7871;t. Tinh th&#7847;n l&#224;m product m&#7899;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n s&#7921; d&#226;n ch&#7911; n&#7917;a v&#7901;i. N&#243; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i m&#7897;t s&#7921; c&#7921;c &#273;oan, m&#7897;t ni&#7873;m tin v&#224;o c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c g&#7847;n nh&#432; cu&#7891;ng t&#237;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gpl4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb90091f-8090-46d8-854f-4012caee0856_2626x2800.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gpl4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb90091f-8090-46d8-854f-4012caee0856_2626x2800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gpl4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb90091f-8090-46d8-854f-4012caee0856_2626x2800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gpl4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb90091f-8090-46d8-854f-4012caee0856_2626x2800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gpl4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb90091f-8090-46d8-854f-4012caee0856_2626x2800.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Gpl4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb90091f-8090-46d8-854f-4012caee0856_2626x2800.png" width="2626" height="2800" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">T&#7893;ng h&#7907;p - V&#7873; Ng&#432;&#7901;i L&#224;m S&#7843;n Ph&#7849;m - Anh Khai.vp</figcaption></figure></div><p>Anh Kh&#7843;i n&#243;i m&#7897;t th&#7913; m&#236;nh th&#7845;y ch&#7843; c&#243; g&#236; b&#224;n c&#7843;i: anh t&#7921; g&#7885;i m&#236;nh l&#224; <em>&#8220;Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng s&#7889; 0&#8221;</em>. Kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m <strong>&#8220;Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng s&#7889; 0&#8221;</strong> gi&#250;p Founder build s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7915; ch&#237;nh n&#7895;i &#273;au th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n thay v&#236; nh&#7919;ng gi&#7843; &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#234;n gi&#7845;y. Ch&#7863;ng t&#7915; 0 l&#234;n 1 m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; Founder Mindset v&#7899;i ch&#250;t c&#7921;c &#273;oan th&#236; c&#7847;m ch&#7855;c ph&#7847;n th&#7845;t b&#7841;i.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng ranh gi&#7899;i gi&#7919;a tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c b&#233;n v&#224; &#273;&#7883;nh ki&#7871;n c&#225; nh&#226;n n&#243; mong manh l&#7855;m. B&#432;&#7899;c sang b&#224;i to&#225;n scale-up hay B2B m&#224; Founder v&#7851;n t&#7921; coi m&#236;nh l&#224; user &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n th&#236; h&#7887;ng. C&#7889; ch&#7845;p l&#250;c n&#224;y ch&#7881; bi&#7871;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#224;nh ch&#7895; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; c&#225;i Ego c&#7911;a s&#7871;p, ch&#7913; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7859;ng ai c&#7847;n. Anh Kh&#7843;i c&#361;ng c&#243; l&#432;u &#253; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#225; quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; n&#7871;u ch&#7881; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh th&#236; g&#243;c nh&#236;n r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; l&#7879;ch, v&#236; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ti&#234;u bi&#7875;u. Do &#273;&#243;, c&#7847;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7875; suy ngh&#297; nh&#432; m&#7897;t &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ng&#226;y th&#417; ph&#7893; th&#244;ng&#8221;, t&#7913;c m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng qu&#225; r&#224;nh c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; nhi&#234;n. </p><blockquote><p><em><strong>Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; t&#225;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;n th&#226;n v&#224; &#273;&#7863;t m&#236;nh th&#7921;c s&#7921; v&#224;o &#273;&#250;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ng&#226;y th&#417; th&#236; kh&#244;ng d&#7877;. &#7902; c&#225;c Zalo hay ch&#237;nh c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m nh&#7887;. N&#243;i th&#236; d&#7877; nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#236; kh&#243;.</strong> </em></p></blockquote><p>V&#7853;y r&#245; r&#224;ng qu&#225; c&#7889; ch&#7845;p v&#224;o tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#7911;a Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng s&#7889; 0, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m d&#7877; r&#417;i v&#224;o c&#225;i b&#7851;y l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m cho ch&#237;nh s&#7871;p d&#249;ng ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i cho th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng. </p><p>T&#7841;m b&#7887; qua c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#7883;nh ki&#7871;n. N&#7871;u b&#226;y gi&#7901; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t ai &#273;&#243;, c&#7845;p cho h&#7885; ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c, c&#417; h&#7897;i v&#224; team &#273;&#7875; build l&#7841;i m&#7897;t product th&#224;nh c&#244;ng <strong>t&#7915; &#273;&#7889;ng tro t&#224;n</strong> v&#224; &#273;&#432;a n&#243; &#273;&#7871;n scale nh&#432; Zalo, m&#236;nh v&#7851;n hay n&#243;i v&#7899;i anh em trong ng&#224;nh h&#7887;i m&#236;nh, m&#236;nh hay tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ch&#7855;c c&#361;ng ch&#7881; bi&#7871;t tr&#7843; l&#7901;i: Ch&#432;a th&#7845;y ai qua &#273;&#432;&#7907;c anh Kh&#7843;i (Zalo) hay anh T&#432;&#7901;ng (MoMo). &#272;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; h&#7885;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng m&#224; c&#243;, &#273;&#243; l&#224; t&#7889; ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng &#8220;qu&#225;i v&#7853;t&#8221; sinh ra &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m builder. C&#242;n nhi&#7873;u anh em kh&#225;c n&#7919;a c&#361;ng x&#7883;n, nh&#432;ng random k&#7875; ngay v&#7873; digital product th&#236; 2 &#7843;nh l&#224; n&#7893;i tr&#7897;i nh&#7845;t.</p><p>C&#242;n n&#7871;u h&#7887;i nhanh ngay trong n&#7897;i b&#7897; Zalo hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#242;n ai k&#7871; th&#7915;a c&#225;i DNA l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#224; anh Kh&#7843;i nh&#7855;c t&#7899;i, m&#236;nh s&#7869; ngh&#297; ngay &#273;&#7871;n anh C&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; 1 ph&#7847;n anh Ch&#237;nh. Anh C&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; l&#7869; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i mang style gi&#7889;ng anh Kh&#7843;i nh&#7845;t v&#7899;i s&#7921; gai g&#243;c v&#224; quy&#7871;t li&#7879;t b&#7843;o v&#7879; vision, c&#242;n anh Ch&#237;nh l&#7841;i th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7893; ch&#7913;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#244;ng minh theo m&#7897;t h&#432;&#7899;ng r&#7845;t ri&#234;ng ... D&#249; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t, h&#7885; &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; chung &#273;&#7897; l&#7923; &#273;&#242;n, qu&#225;i. Nh&#432;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i l&#224;m m&#236;nh tr&#259;n tr&#7903; l&#224;: V&#7853;y sau anh Ch&#237;nh, anh C&#432;&#7901;ng, th&#7871; h&#7879; k&#7871; c&#7853;n ti&#7871;p theo c&#7847;m l&#7919;a Product c&#7911;a Zalo s&#7869; l&#224; ai ho&#7863;c l&#226;u qu&#225; ko update n&#234;n kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t. </p><p>Nh&#236;n r&#7897;ng ra l&#7913;a tr&#7867; h&#417;n m&#7897;t ch&#250;t &#7903; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i, n&#7871;u l&#224;m product B2C th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n nhanh HuyNX; c&#242;n &#7903; m&#7843;ng B2B th&#236; Qu&#226;n Tr&#432;&#417;ng l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i t&#234;n hi&#7871;m hoi mang r&#245; style Founder Mindset m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng g&#7863;p v&#224; hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7911;. H&#7885; c&#243; m&#7897;t tinh th&#7847;n t&#7921; h&#7885;c &#273;&#225;ng n&#7875;.</p><p>&#272;&#227; mang trong m&#236;nh c&#225; t&#237;nh Founder m&#7841;nh m&#7869;, r&#245; r&#224;ng b&#7841;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;n v&#7873; c&#7843; s&#7921; n&#7875; tr&#7885;ng l&#7851;n g&#7841;ch &#273;&#225;. Nh&#432;ng b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i s&#7861;n s&#224;ng b&#7883; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta gh&#233;t, b&#7883; ch&#7917;i l&#224; &#273;&#7897;c t&#224;i hay b&#7843;o th&#7911; &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224; chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u &#273;&#7871;n c&#249;ng v&#7899;i n&#243;. &#272;&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; s&#7921; &#273;&#225;nh &#273;&#7893;i, m&#224; l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#224; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m t&#7889;i cao c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;m tr&#7883;ch. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#225;i &#8220;Ego&#8221; gai g&#243;c &#273;&#243; &#7903; v&#7841;ch xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m s&#7869; ch&#7871;t y&#7875;u ngay t&#7915; khi c&#242;n n&#7857;m tr&#234;n gi&#7845;y v&#236; b&#7883; pha lo&#227;ng b&#7903;i h&#224;ng t&#225; &#253; ki&#7871;n &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p ba ph&#7843;i c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; ngo&#224;i cu&#7897;c ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ng&#7841;i tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; c&#226;u h&#7887;i m&#236;nh ko ho&#224;n to&#224;n ngh&#297; c&#243; c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i: <strong>Li&#7879;u Founder Mindset c&#243; l&#227;o h&#243;a theo giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#244;ng?</strong> Anh Kh&#7843;i t&#7921; &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i n&#224;y theo c&#225;ch kh&#225;c: th&#244;ng qua iPhone. Anh vi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng n&#259;m ngo&#225;i, d&#249;ng th&#7917; Google Pixel v&#224; nh&#7853;n ra: <em>Pixel tr&#244;ng c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c Apple h&#417;n c&#7843; iPhone hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i.</em> &#7902; g&#243;c &#273;&#7897; UX hay s&#7921; &#273;&#7897;t ph&#225; b&#7873; m&#7863;t, c&#243; th&#7875; anh &#273;&#250;ng. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u nh&#236;n s&#226;u h&#417;n, m&#236;nh l&#7841;i ngh&#297; kh&#225;c &#7843;nh: B&#7843;n ch&#7845;t Apple v&#7851;n l&#224; Apple.</p><p>D&#249; &#273;&#244;i khi ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#7843;m th&#7845;y Apple ch&#7853;m ch&#7841;p hay UX gi&#7843;m &#273;i s&#7921; ng&#7905; ng&#224;ng, nh&#432;ng tinh th&#7847;n l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7889;t c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a Steve Jobs ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; thay &#273;&#7893;i. Google Pixel l&#224; b&#7843;n l&#7873; &#273;&#7875; Google th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m t&#237;nh n&#259;ng cho c&#225;c b&#234;n OEM, n&#234;n vi&#7879;c ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n thi&#7871;u &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a h&#7885;. C&#242;n Apple ch&#7885;n s&#7921; kh&#7855;t khe v&#224; an to&#224;n tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng. D&#249; Steve Jobs kh&#244;ng c&#242;n, c&#225;i ch&#7845;t &#273;&#7845;y n&#243; th&#7845;m s&#226;u v&#224;o m&#225;u c&#7911;a b&#7897; m&#225;y r&#7891;i. Nh&#236;n c&#225;ch h&#7885; l&#224;m b&#7843;o m&#7853;t cho user m&#224; xem: kh&#7855;t khe v&#224; l&#236; l&#7907;m kh&#7911;ng khi&#7871;p. Th&#7871; n&#234;n m&#7899;i n&#243;i, Founder &#273;i r&#7891;i nh&#432;ng nguy&#234;n l&#253; l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a Apple c&#243; m&#7845;t &#273;i &#273;&#226;u. Tinh th&#7847;n Founder h&#243;a ra ch&#7843; n&#7857;m &#7903; m&#7845;y vi&#7879;c vi m&#244; h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y, m&#224; n&#243; &#259;n s&#226;u v&#224;o v&#259;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7875; ae k&#7871; c&#7853;n t&#7921; ch&#7841;y ti&#7871;p.</p><p>N&#243;i th&#7853;t, Zalo c&#7911;a 10 n&#259;m t&#7899;i s&#7869; ra sao th&#236; ch&#7843; ai &#273;o&#225;n tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c? N&#7871;u m&#7897;t ng&#224;y anh Kh&#7843;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p c&#7847;m tr&#7883;ch, anh k&#7923; v&#7885;ng linh h&#7891;n c&#7911;a Zalo s&#7869; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c t&#7891;n t&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ki&#234;n &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7899;i c&#225;i DNA ban &#273;&#7847;u nh&#432; c&#225;ch a Vi&#7871;t l&#224; Dna c&#7911;a Zalo, hay di s&#7843;n l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t anh &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; k&#7871; c&#7853;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7911; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; b&#7843;o v&#7879; v&#224; vi&#7871;t ti&#7871;p c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m theo c&#225;ch m&#7899;i? &#272;&#226;u l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u l&#224;m n&#234;n s&#7921; v&#297; &#273;&#7841;i ti&#7871;p theo c&#7911;a l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#7903; Zalo. </p><h2><strong>L&#7853;t ng&#432;&#7907;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; m&#7897;t ch&#250;t: S&#7921; nguy hi&#7875;m c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c N&#250;p b&#243;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh L&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o.</strong></h2><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n,v&#224; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n &#273;&#7891;ng t&#236;nh v&#7899;i g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a anh Kh&#7843;i trong 1 s&#7889; &#273;o&#7841;n trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t, m&#236;nh ko c&#242;n &#273;&#7911; th&#244;ng tin hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i s&#7869; &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o vi&#7879;c qu&#7843;n l&#253; &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; l&#250;c high scale.</p><p>Anh Kh&#7843;i n&#243;i: L&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o c&#7845;p cao ph&#7843;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i <em>&#8220;&#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#225;i chi&#7873;u d&#432; lu&#7853;n&#8221;</em>, ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m b&#7843;o v&#7879; linh h&#7891;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, v&#224; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n l&#224;m ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243;ng vai &#225;c g&#7841;t b&#7887; c&#244;ng s&#7913;c c&#7911;a anh em k&#7929; s&#432;. T&#7841;i sao kh&#244;ng h&#7841;n ch&#7871; l&#224;m c&#225;i &#273;&#243; t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u ? C&#243; c&#225;ch n&#224;o gi&#7843;m ma s&#225;t &#273;&#243; s&#7899;m h&#417;n kh&#244;ng ? </p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y r&#7845;t &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; cho s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#244;ng b&#7883; h&#7887;ng s&#7899;m. Nh&#432;ng, v&#7899;i t&#432; c&#225;ch l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#361;ng t&#7915;ng &#273;&#7913;ng &#7903; v&#7883; tr&#237; cao &#273;&#7875; build c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y, m&#236;nh th&#7845;y c&#225;ch l&#224;m n&#224;y n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng chu&#7849;n v&#224; n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p h&#7907;p l&#253;, hay c&#243; m&#7897;t v&#259;n ho&#225; r&#245; r&#224;ng cho vi&#7879;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#432;u ti&#234;n n&#243; l&#7841;i g&#226;y h&#7841;i m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n cho &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361;.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>&#272;&#243; l&#224; n&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; ho&#224;n to&#224;n m&#7847;m m&#243;ng t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t team trung b&#236;nh c&#7897;ng.</strong></p></div><p>&#7902; m&#7897;t t&#7893; ch&#7913;c n&#224;o &#273;&#243; n&#7871;u Leader lu&#244;n &#273;&#243;ng vai anh h&#249;ng c&#7913;u th&#7871;, &#273;&#7913;ng ra &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m m&#7885;i ph&#225;n quy&#7871;t <em>&#8220;c&#225;i n&#224;y gi&#7919;, c&#225;i kia b&#7887;&#8221;</em>, th&#236; team b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7847;n d&#7847;n gi&#7843;m n&#259;ng l&#7921;c t&#432; duy ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n v&#224; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh. H&#7885; bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng &#8220;th&#7907;&#8221; ngoan ngo&#227;n. H&#7885; an to&#224;n. H&#7885; kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; ph&#7843;i n&#7871;m c&#225;i sai l&#7847;m c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c t&#7921; ra m&#7897;t quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7891;i, v&#224; c&#7913; th&#7871; s&#7869; c&#243; th&#7875; m&#432;&#7907;n danh &#8220;s&#7871;p ch&#7881; &#273;&#7841;o&#8221; &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;p li&#7871;m khi tr&#7877; deadline hay kh&#244;ng gi&#7919; l&#7901;i v&#7899;i anh em b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i nh&#432; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i ka. H&#7885; kh&#243; h&#7885;c c&#225;ch ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh trade-off &#7903; team &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; cho s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#244;ng b&#7883; toang hay &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n ch&#237;nh tr&#7921;c nh&#7853;n l&#7895;i do h&#7885; m&#224; b&#7843;o do quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7845;p tr&#234;n.</p><p>Anh Kh&#7843;i c&#361;ng c&#243; nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7901;i &#273;i. M&#236;nh ngh&#297; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n v&#236; Zalo ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n qu&#225; nhanh v&#224; gi&#7901; l&#250;c c&#7847;n &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh h&#417;n v&#224; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n, gi&#7901; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i s&#7921; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh cao h&#417;n so v&#7899;i l&#250;c tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; mass user v&#7899;i c&#225;c b&#224;i to&#224;n r&#245; r&#224;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n chia user nh&#432; a Kh&#7843;i n&#243;i, n&#234;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867; t&#7921; tay ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh trade-off h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y. Th&#7871; n&#234;n, nhi&#7873;u anh em r&#7901;i Zalo kh&#244;ng h&#7859;n v&#236; b&#7845;t m&#227;n hay chuy&#7879;n b&#7883; g&#7841;t b&#7887; t&#237;nh n&#259;ng. M&#236;nh v&#224; hay nhi&#7873;u anh em kh&#225;c ra &#273;i tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y &#273;a ph&#7847;n &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#236; m&#7897;t khao kh&#225;t thu&#7847;n t&#250;y c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m ngh&#7873;: mu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7921; tay c&#7847;m tr&#7883;ch, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7845;n th&#226;n v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n gai g&#243;c do ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh t&#7841;o ra. Ho&#7863;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&#225;ch qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; Zalo th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#7845;y ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m trong nh&#243;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#432;u ti&#234;n th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#243; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#7853;y th&#244;i, m&#236;nh ngh&#297; v&#7853;y.</p><p>&#7902; Zalo, c&#225;i n&#7873;n m&#243;ng c&#225;c anh l&#7899;n x&#226;y d&#7921;ng v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u tri&#7879;u user &#273;&#227; qu&#225; v&#7919;ng ch&#227;i v&#224; an to&#224;n. R&#7901;i &#273;i &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; &#273;&#7875; b&#432;&#7899;c ra kh&#7887;i v&#249;ng an to&#224;n &#273;&#243;, &#273;i t&#236;m m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng tr&#7901;i ri&#234;ng n&#417;i m&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&#224;m ch&#7911; cu&#7897;c ch&#417;i. D&#249; v&#7853;y, m&#236;nh tin nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915;ng &#273;i qua Zalo v&#7851;n lu&#244;n gi&#7919; m&#7897;t t&#236;nh c&#7843;m &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#224; hi&#7871;m n&#417;i n&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m theo c&#225;ch &#7903; Zalo &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m, &#273;a ph&#7847;n s&#7869; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng support l&#7841;i khi c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i, ch&#7901; ng&#224;y ai &#273;&#243; b&#7843;o d&#7921;ng c&#7901; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; Zalo Mafia nh&#432; ki&#7875;u PayPal Mafia.</p><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do m&#236;nh l&#7841;i tin r&#7857;ng: quan &#273;i&#7875;m founder hay ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m product owner nh&#432; &#7843;nh n&#243;i thay v&#236; &#244;m kh&#432; kh&#432; vi&#7879;c ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh trade-off &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; cho s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng ho&#224;n h&#7843;o theo c&#225;ch founder ngh&#297;, nhi&#7873;u khi n&#234;n nh&#7855;m m&#7855;t tho&#7843;i m&#225;i &#273;&#7875; team quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh SAI l&#7841;i l&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c c&#7901; s&#7889;ng c&#242;n. Ho&#7863;c tho&#7843;i m&#225;i vi&#7879;c ae ch&#432;a l&#224;m theo &#273;&#250;ng 100% &#253; m&#236;nh.</p><p>M&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; thi&#7879;n chi&#7871;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#232;n gi&#361;a khi h&#7885; t&#7921; n&#7871;m m&#249;i th&#7845;t b&#7841;i. H&#227;y &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; h&#259;m h&#7903; launch m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng th&#7915;a th&#227;i, r&#7891;i t&#7921; &#244;m &#273;&#7847;u b&#7913;t t&#243;c, th&#7913;c tr&#7855;ng &#273;&#234;m khi th&#7845;y user ch&#7917;i r&#7911;a, retention c&#7855;m &#273;&#7847;u xu&#7889;ng &#273;&#7845;t. Leader xu&#7845;t s&#7855;c kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7913;ng ra quy&#7871;t thay m&#7885;i th&#7913;, m&#224; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7869; ra v&#249;ng r&#7911;i ro cho ph&#233;p &#273;&#7875; team &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#233;p l&#224;m sai m&#224; kh&#244;ng t&#7893;n h&#7841;i &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; s&#7889;ng c&#242;n c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p. <strong>T&#7845;t nhi&#234;n, sai l&#7847;m ph&#7843;i n&#7857;m trong gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n ki&#7875;m so&#225;t.</strong></p><p>M&#236;nh v&#7851;n c&#242;n nh&#7899; lu&#7891;ng c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t ch&#237;nh s&#225;ch chia s&#7867; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a Zalo d&#7841;o n&#7885;. Nh&#236;n c&#225;i m&#224;n h&#236;nh &#273;&#243;, m&#236;nh &#273;&#7913;ng h&#236;nh m&#7845;t 5s v&#236; kh&#244;ng tin n&#7893;i m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#7889;n n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng v&#7873; s&#7921; ch&#7881;n chu h&#7841;n ch&#7871; t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#225;i kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t l&#7841;i c&#243; th&#7875; push l&#234;n m&#7897;t tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7897;c l&#7889;c nh&#432; v&#7853;y. UX l&#7903;m th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; th&#244;ng c&#7843;m, nh&#432;ng qu&#259;ng c&#225;i lu&#7891;ng thu th&#7853;p th&#244;ng tin c&#225; nh&#226;n v&#224;o m&#7863;t user m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#233;p u&#7893;ng th&#236; &#273;&#250;ng l&#224; t&#7921; b&#7855;n v&#224;o ch&#226;n. Vi&#7879;c n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m app s&#7853;p, c&#361;ng ch&#7859;ng ai b&#7883; &#273;u&#7893;i vi&#7879;c, nh&#432;ng h&#236;nh t&#432;&#7907;ng trong m&#7855;t m&#7897;t b&#7897; ph&#7853;n user b&#7883; m&#7845;t &#273;i&#7875;m tr&#7847;m tr&#7885;ng. User c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#7855;m m&#7855;t x&#224;i m&#7897;t c&#225;i n&#250;t x&#7845;u, nh&#432;ng h&#7885; s&#7869; n&#7893;i &#273;i&#234;n n&#7871;u c&#7843;m th&#7845;y quy&#7873;n ri&#234;ng t&#432; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng. M&#236;nh tr&#7897;m ngh&#297; kh&#244;ng r&#245; &#273;&#250;ng ko: N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng cho team t&#7853;p SAI &#7903; nh&#7919;ng vi&#7879;c nh&#7887;, h&#7885; s&#7869; v&#7845;p ng&#227; r&#7845;t &#273;au &#7903; nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh l&#7899;n.? Hi v&#7885;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; do xui.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng r&#245; r&#224;ng ch&#237;nh c&#225;i c&#7843;m gi&#225;c kh&#243; ch&#7883;u, khi ph&#7843;i nai l&#432;ng d&#7885;n d&#7865;p &#273;&#7889;ng r&#225;c do m&#236;nh t&#7841;o ra s&#7869; d&#7841;y cho anh em v&#7873; Trade-off ng&#7845;m h&#417;n ng&#224;n v&#7841;n l&#7901;i thuy&#7871;t gi&#225;o t&#7915; Leader. Team s&#7869; b&#233;n h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u n&#7871;u t&#7921; &#273;i qua c&#225;i quy tr&#236;nh <em>quy&#7871;t sai &#8594; v&#7845;p ng&#227; &#8594; s&#225;ng m&#7855;t ra</em>, thay v&#236; c&#7913; h&#225; mi&#7879;ng ch&#7901; s&#7871;p ph&#225;n. T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; h&#7885;c h&#7887;i v&#224; s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh c&#7911;a t&#7893; ch&#7913;c nhi&#7873;u khi &#273;&#225;ng gi&#225; h&#417;n vi&#7879;c gi&#7919; cho c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ho&#224;n h&#7843;o. M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#7893; x&#250;y vi&#7879;c c&#7889; &#253; l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7879; &#273;i &#273;&#7875; team h&#7885;c h&#7887;i, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#244;i khi ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n m&#7897;t m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; r&#7911;i ro n&#224;o &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; anh em &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quy&#7873;n t&#7921; quy&#7871;t v&#224; t&#7921; ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m cho t&#7915;ng feature, t&#7915;ng con s&#7889; 0.01% KPI &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i l&#224; c&#225;ch nhanh nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; m&#224;i gi&#361;a m&#7897;t th&#7871; h&#7879; l&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o k&#7871; c&#7853;n cho c&#244;ng ty.</p><h2><strong>G&#243;c khu&#7845;t c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u</strong></h2><p>Th&#7921;c ra, l&#224;m Leader r&#7845;t kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; chia s&#7867; sao cho anh em b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i hi&#7875;u h&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#243;c nh&#236;n v&#224; &#225;p l&#7921;c v&#224; c&#7843; tinh th&#7847;n l&#224;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. </p><p>Ng&#7891;i ngo&#224;i ph&#225;n th&#236; l&#250;c n&#224;o ch&#7843; d&#7877; h&#417;n x&#7855;n tay v&#224;o l&#224;m app cho ch&#7909;c tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i x&#224;i. Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7885;c b&#224;i anh Kh&#7843;i l&#224; th&#7845;y l&#7841;i ngay c&#225;i ch&#7845;t Zalo x&#432;a gi&#7901;: k&#7929; t&#237;nh, l&#236; &#273;&#242;n v&#224; ch&#7843; care m&#7845;y c&#225;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; m&#224;u m&#232;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png" width="1948" height="314" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:314,&quot;width&quot;:1948,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:73829,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/210183947?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fee16a3b0-802f-4f97-93e1-421749dc77f7_3862x6458.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knVj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fffcdf251-abbc-4fea-9b95-91134dac139f_1948x314.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">T&#7893;ng h&#7907;p - &#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng - Kh&#7843;i.vq</figcaption></figure></div><blockquote><p>Nh&#236;n v&#224;o s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m l&#224; r&#7845;t d&#7877; &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;t ngay t&#237;nh c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7841;o ra n&#243;. B&#7841;n ch&#7885;n &#244;m kh&#432; kh&#432; c&#225;i linh h&#7891;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, hay ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n l&#249;i l&#7841;i nh&#236;n anh em v&#7845;p ng&#227; &#273;&#7875; l&#7899;n l&#234;n &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i l&#224; qu&#7843; Trade-off &#273;au &#273;&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m s&#7871;p. </p></blockquote><div class="poll-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;id&quot;:1024678}" data-component-name="PollToDOM"></div><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Anw, Ch&#250;c m&#7915;ng Zalo 19 n&#259;m tu&#7893;i.</strong> <strong>C&#225;m &#417;n a Kh&#7843;i &#273;&#227; vi&#7871;t v&#7873; g&#243;c nh&#236;n l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m cho th&#7871; h&#7879; ti&#7871;p theo. </strong> </p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Datht's Reflections &quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Datht's Reflections </span></a></p><p>T8.2026 <br>T.D</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #12: Product Org Design tôn sùng Spotify Model ở VN là functional org đội mũ squad. ]]></title><description><![CDATA[PM xin resource t&#7915; EM. EM b&#7843;o &#273;&#7907;i sprint sau. CEO b&#7843;o sao team m&#236;nh agile m&#224; ship ch&#7853;m th&#7871;? V&#236; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7841;y squad b&#7841;n &#273;ang ch&#7841;y functional org c&#361; nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7893;i t&#234;n ph&#242;ng ban.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-12-product-org</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-12-product-org</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2026 07:01:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>Chuy&#7879;n k&#7875; r&#7857;ng <br>Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i &#273;&#227; chuy&#7875;n sang m&#244; h&#236;nh Squad. Founder m&#7897;t startup 80 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; Qu&#7853;n 1, n&#243;i v&#7899;i v&#7867; t&#7921; h&#224;o trong bu&#7893;i meetup PM th&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c. </strong></em></p><p><em><strong>&#8220;Squad lead report cho ai?&#8221; <br>Anh &#7845;y ng&#7853;p ng&#7915;ng: &#8220;&#7900;... v&#7851;n report cho Head of Engineering.&#8221; <br>V&#7853;y &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i squad. &#272;&#243; l&#224; team c&#361; &#273;&#7893;i t&#234;n tr&#234;n Slack.</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqWE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3d55008-dd1b-4db4-b8d0-34fb18047cac_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kho&#7843;ng gi&#7919;a 2024, m&#236;nh ng&#7891;i review l&#7841;i c&#225;ch t&#7893; ch&#7913;c product team cho m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n n&#7897;i b&#7897; &#7903; OneMount. L&#250;c &#273;&#243; h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i &#273;ang scale m&#7841;nh VinID, VinShop, Onehousing nhi&#7873;u vertical ch&#7841;y song song, m&#7895;i vertical c&#243; PM ri&#234;ng, c&#243; dev ri&#234;ng, nh&#432;ng nhi&#7873;u service th&#236; share chung. </p><p>Nghe quen kh&#244;ng? &#272;&#250;ng r&#7891;i, kinh &#273;i&#7875;n matrix.</p><p>V&#224; matrix th&#236; c&#243; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kinh &#273;i&#7875;n kh&#244;ng k&#233;m: PM n&#243;i m&#236;nh c&#7847;n 2 backend dev cho t&#237;nh n&#259;ng loyalty tu&#7847;n n&#224;y, Head of Engineering n&#243;i 2 backend dev &#273;&#243; &#273;ang fix bug cho team Payment, &#273;&#7907;i sprint sau. PM escalate l&#234;n CPO. CPO escalate l&#234;n CTO. CTO b&#7843;o &#273;&#7875; anh xem. R&#7891;i kh&#244;ng ai xem g&#236; c&#7843;. </p><p>T&#237;nh n&#259;ng loyalty tr&#244;i th&#234;m 3 sprint.</p><p>M&#236;nh k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; than v&#227;n. M&#224; v&#236; &#273;&#243; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c l&#224; c&#225;i b&#7879;nh m&#224; Spotify Model h&#7913;a s&#7869; ch&#7919;a. Cross-functional squad, m&#7895;i squad c&#243; &#273;&#7911; PM + Engineer + Designer, t&#7921; ch&#7911; ho&#224;n to&#224;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i xin resource t&#7915; ai. Nghe nh&#432; thi&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p>R&#7891;i n&#7917;a ng&#224;nh tech VN &#273;&#7885;c c&#225;i whitepaper &#273;&#243; xong, &#273;&#7893;i t&#234;n team th&#224;nh squad, &#273;&#7893;i t&#234;n department th&#224;nh tribe, &#273;&#7893;i t&#234;n line manager th&#224;nh chapter lead. Xong. </p><p><strong>Xin ch&#250;c m&#7915;ng:</strong> b&#7841;n v&#7915;a ho&#224;n th&#224;nh cu&#7897;c c&#225;ch m&#7841;ng t&#7893; ch&#7913;c b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch... &#273;&#7893;i t&#234;n tr&#234;n <strong>Confluence</strong>.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#7885;c nhi&#7873;u v&#224; c&#243; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u thay v&#236; c&#7913; nghe cho bi&#7871;t gi&#7889;ng 80% ng&#432;&#7901;i ra r&#7843; h&#7885; c&#243; b&#7857;ng c&#7845;p v&#7873; Agile n&#234;n r&#7845;t hi&#7875;u th&#236; Spotify ch&#432;a bao gi&#7901; ch&#7841;y Spotify Model.</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;i twist m&#224; &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;t, v&#224; khi bi&#7871;t r&#7891;i th&#236; kh&#243; nu&#7889;t.</p><p>N&#259;m 2012, Henrik Kniberg v&#224; Anders Ivarsson hai Agile Coach &#7903; Spotify xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n m&#7897;t whitepaper m&#244; t&#7843; c&#225;ch Spotify t&#7893; ch&#7913;c engineering team: squads, tribes, chapters, guilds (<a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/792093377/SpotifyScaling-1">M&#236;nh c&#243; t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;ng d&#7883;ch ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t &#7903; &#273;&#226;y</a>). K&#232;m theo m&#7897;t c&#225;i video animation r&#7845;t &#273;&#7865;p tr&#234;n YouTube. Video &#273;&#243; viral kh&#7855;p c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng Agile, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia s&#7867; h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u l&#7847;n, in ra slide deck, treo l&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p kh&#7855;p th&#7871; gi&#7899;i.</p><p>V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;: c&#225;i <a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/792093377/SpotifyScaling-1">whitepaper</a> &#273;&#243; m&#244; t&#7843; m&#7897;t tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i <em>&#432;&#7899;c m&#417;</em>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh. Ch&#237;nh Joakim Sund&#233;n &#273;&#7891;ng t&#225;c gi&#7843; sau n&#224;y th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n n&#243; l&#224; <strong>&#8220;part ambition, part approximation.&#8221;</strong> Ngh&#297;a l&#224;: m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n mong mu&#7889;n, m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n &#432;&#7899;c ch&#7915;ng. Spotify l&#250;c &#273;&#243; &#273;ang <em>th&#7917;</em> v&#7853;n h&#224;nh theo c&#225;ch &#273;&#243;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#227; ch&#7841;y th&#224;nh c&#244;ng. </p><p>Nghe c&#243; &#273;i&#234;n r&#7891; kh&#244;ng nh&#432;ng c&#243; v&#7867; gi&#7889;ng truy&#7879;n c&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c v&#245; c&#244;ng t&#7921; cung xong h&#7885;c h&#7871;t s&#225;ch m&#7899;i bi&#7871;t c&#243; &#273;o&#7841;n sau. <strong>Cay</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png" width="353" height="529.9848901098901" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cezO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc121a0-37cc-4dfe-9b34-fea44474cef2_1684x2528.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#224; &#273;&#7871;n 2020, Jeremiah Lee c&#7921;u PM t&#7841;i Spotify vi&#7871;t m&#7897;t b&#224;i d&#224;i c&#243; t&#7921;a &#273;&#7873; th&#7859;ng th&#7915;ng: <em><a href="https://www.jeremiahlee.com/posts/failed-squad-goals/">&#8220;Spotify&#8217;s Failed #SquadGoals.&#8221;</a></em> Trong &#273;&#243; Lee n&#243;i r&#245;: m&#244; h&#236;nh squad t&#7841;i Spotify &#273;&#227; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i. C&#244;ng ty d&#7847;n quay v&#7873; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c qu&#7843;n l&#253; truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng h&#417;n khi scale l&#234;n h&#224;ng ngh&#236;n ng&#432;&#7901;i. Squad autonomy g&#226;y ra coordination debt nghi&#234;m tr&#7885;ng c&#225;c squad tr&#249;ng l&#7863;p effort, kh&#244;ng ai ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m cho nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; n&#7857;m gi&#7919;a ranh gi&#7899;i c&#7911;a 2 squad, v&#224; PM th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n r&#417;i v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i c&#243; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m deliver nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; quy&#7873;n ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7929; thu&#7853;t.</p><p>Lee c&#361;ng n&#243;i m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7855;ng l&#242;ng: Spotify gi&#7919; c&#225;i narrative &#8220;Spotify Model&#8221; s&#7889;ng l&#226;u v&#236; n&#243; l&#224; <em>recruitment tool</em> c&#7921;c t&#7889;t. </p><p>&#8220;Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i c&#243; v&#259;n h&#243;a t&#7921; ch&#7911;, ch&#250;ng t&#244;i ch&#7841;y squad&#8221; c&#226;u &#273;&#243; gi&#250;p tuy&#7875;n engineer gi&#7887;i. C&#242;n b&#234;n trong th&#236;... kh&#225;c.</p><p>V&#7853;y l&#224; c&#7843; ng&#224;nh tech to&#224;n c&#7847;u bao g&#7891;m VN &#273;&#227; b&#7887; h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u gi&#7901; &#273;&#7875; copy m&#7897;t th&#7913; m&#224; ch&#237;nh n&#417;i sinh ra n&#243; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7841;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#224; &#273;&#7875; ch&#7841;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 1 ph&#7847;n nh&#432; Spotify th&#236; n&#7871;u c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; hi&#7879;u nh&#7919;ng nh&#226;n s&#7921; trong &#273;&#243; gi&#7887;i nh&#432; n&#224;o.</p><p>M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n ki&#7875;u &#8220;cargo cult&#8221; n&#224;y &#7903; <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-5-agile-theater">T&#7853;p #5 &#8212; Agile Theater</a></strong>. C&#249;ng m&#7897;t DNA: copy nghi th&#7913;c, b&#7887; qua b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#7902; VN, squad th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; functional org &#273;&#7897;i m&#361; m&#7899;i.</strong></h2><p>N&#243;i th&#7859;ng lu&#244;n cho nhanh. M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i PM &#7903; &#237;t nh&#7845;t 30 c&#244;ng ty tech VN trong 2 n&#259;m qua t&#7915; startup 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7871;n t&#7853;p &#273;o&#224;n ngh&#236;n ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7921; x&#432;ng ch&#7841;y squad model. Khi h&#7887;i k&#7929;, pattern g&#7847;n nh&#432; gi&#7889;ng nhau:</p><p><strong>Pattern 1: PM xin resource t&#7915; EM ng&#432;&#7907;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#7899;i squad.</strong></p><p>Trong squad model chu&#7849;n, PM v&#224; Engineer <em>n&#7857;m trong c&#249;ng m&#7897;t squad</em>, report cho c&#249;ng m&#7897;t squad lead. PM kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n <strong>xin</strong> resource v&#236; resource &#273;&#227; thu&#7897;c v&#7873; squad. Nh&#432;ng &#7903; h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#244;ng ty VN m&#236;nh th&#7845;y, Engineer v&#7851;n report solid-line cho Head of Engineering ho&#7863;c Engineering Manager. PM report cho Head of Product ho&#7863;c th&#7853;m ch&#237; CEO. Hai &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng solid-line kh&#225;c nhau. </p><p>Khi PM c&#7847;n dev, PM ph&#7843;i <em>negotiate</em> v&#7899;i EM.</p><p>&#272;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i squad. &#272;&#243; l&#224; matrix. V&#224; matrix th&#236; c&#243; t&#7915; th&#7853;p ni&#234;n 70 r&#7891;i kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7885;c whitepaper Spotify &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;t n&#243; g&#227;y &#7903; &#273;&#226;u.</p><p><strong>Pattern 2: Squad nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; Design ch&#7881; c&#243; PM v&#224; Dev.</strong></p><p>Squad chu&#7849;n l&#224; cross-functional: PM + Engineer + Designer + Data (t&#249;y context). Nh&#432;ng team Design &#7903; nhi&#7873;u c&#244;ng ty VN qu&#225; &#237;t ng&#432;&#7901;i, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; r&#7843;i v&#224;o m&#7895;i squad. </p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;: Design th&#224;nh shared service. Squad ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7863;t l&#7883;ch v&#7899;i Design team, ch&#7901; slot, r&#7891;i Design xong qu&#259;ng file Figma qua r&#7891;i ch&#7841;y sang squad kh&#225;c. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; ownership, kh&#244;ng c&#243; context li&#234;n t&#7909;c.</p><p>M&#236;nh g&#7885;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; <strong>squad h&#7887;ng ch&#226;n</strong>. B&#7841;n b&#7843;o &#273;&#243; l&#224; cross-functional nh&#432;ng thi&#7871;u m&#7897;t function quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t c&#225;i function quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh user experience.</p><p><strong>Pattern 3: &#8220;Tribe Lead&#8221; = Director c&#361; &#273;&#7893;i ch&#7913;c danh.</strong></p><p>Trong m&#244; h&#236;nh Spotify, Tribe Lead &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7923; v&#7885;ng l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n cho squad ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7921; ch&#7911; facilitator, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i commander. &#7902; VN, Tribe Lead th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; c&#225;i &#244;ng Director v&#7851;n approve m&#7885;i PR (pull request), v&#7851;n duy&#7879;t m&#7885;i spec, v&#7851;n h&#7885;p review h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n v&#7899;i t&#7915;ng squad &#273;&#7875; track progress. Ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t &#244;ng/b&#224; Project Director c&#243; title nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; th&#7921;c quy&#7873;n, Squad autonomy &#7903; &#273;&#226;u? </p><p>Tr&#234;n Confluence &#224; ?. Tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, m&#7885;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7851;n ch&#7841;y l&#234;n tr&#234;n r&#7891;i ch&#7841;y xu&#7889;ng.</p><div><hr></div><p>M&#224; n&#243;i &#273;i c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i n&#243;i l&#7841;i. T&#7841;i sao c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty VN l&#224;m v&#7853;y? C&#243; ph&#7843;i v&#236; h&#7885; ngu / hay h&#7885; d&#7905; h&#417;i kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t kh&#244;ng ?</p><p>Kh&#244;ng. H&#7885; l&#224;m v&#7853;y v&#236; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng constraint r&#7845;t th&#7921;c m&#224; Henrik Kniberg ng&#7891;i &#7903; Stockholm kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; ph&#7843;i ngh&#297; t&#7899;i v&#224; c&#243; ngh&#297; c&#361;ng ch&#7843; gi&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><h3><strong>Constraint 1: Engineer gi&#7887;i qu&#225; &#237;t, kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; r&#7843;i</strong></h3><p>Spotify n&#259;m 2012 c&#243; kho&#7843;ng 1,500 nh&#226;n vi&#234;n, &#273;&#7863;t t&#7841;i Stockholm m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng tech tr&#7843; l&#432;&#417;ng cao nh&#7845;t ch&#226;u &#194;u. H&#7885; c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n tuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7911; senior engineer cho m&#7895;i squad.</p><p>Startup VN 80 ng&#432;&#7901;i? Backend senior ch&#7881; c&#243; 3-4 ng&#432;&#7901;i. B&#7841;n c&#243; 6 squad nh&#432;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7911; senior cho 3. M&#7845;y squad c&#242;n l&#7841;i ch&#7841;y to&#224;n junior v&#224; junior th&#236; c&#7847;n guidance t&#7915; senior, c&#7847;n review t&#7915; EM. Kh&#244;ng th&#7875; t&#7921; ch&#7911; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Autonomy c&#7847;n competence l&#224;m n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng. Ch&#432;a c&#243; n&#7873;n th&#236; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; x&#226;y nh&#224;.</p><h3><strong>Constraint 2: V&#259;n h&#243;a quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh theo c&#7845;p b&#7853;c</strong></h3><p>M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; n&#243;i &#7903; <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams">T&#7853;p #3 &#8212; Empowered Teams</a></strong>, nh&#432;ng n&#243;i l&#7841;i cho context.</p><p>Squad autonomy y&#234;u c&#7847;u CEO/CTO tin t&#432;&#7903;ng squad <em>ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n xin ph&#233;p</em>. &#7902; Th&#7909;y &#272;i&#7875;n n&#417;i Power Distance Index (PDI) thu&#7897;c h&#224;ng th&#7845;p nh&#7845;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y t&#7921; nhi&#234;n. S&#7871;p v&#224; nh&#226;n vi&#234;n g&#7885;i nhau b&#7857;ng t&#234;n. Intern d&#225;m challenge &#253; ki&#7871;n VP trong meeting.</p><p>&#7902; VN, PDI cao g&#7847;n g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i. &#8220;Anh ch&#7881; &#273;&#7841;o, em th&#7921;c thi&#8221; v&#7851;n l&#224; norm. CEO n&#243;i &#8220;l&#224;m c&#225;i n&#224;y &#273;i&#8221; th&#236; c&#7843; squad d&#7915;ng m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;ang l&#224;m &#273;&#7875; ch&#7841;y theo. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; squad y&#7871;u m&#224; v&#236; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng incentive reward vi&#7879;c tu&#226;n th&#7911;, kh&#244;ng reward vi&#7879;c ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n. B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n squad t&#7921; ch&#7911; nh&#432;ng review performance h&#224;ng qu&#253; v&#7851;n do Director ch&#7845;m &#273;i&#7875;m Director th&#237;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe l&#7901;i.</p><p>H&#244;m tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#236;nh ng&#7891;i c&#224; ph&#234; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t anh EM &#7903; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty fintech top VN. Anh &#7845;y k&#7875;: &#8220;Squad m&#236;nh tr&#234;n gi&#7845;y th&#236; t&#7921; ch&#7911;. Nh&#432;ng m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n CEO nh&#7855;n Slack h&#7887;i &#8216;feature X &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u r&#7891;i&#8217; th&#236; squad t&#7921; ch&#7911; ki&#7875;u g&#236;?&#8221; </p><p>M&#236;nh c&#432;&#7901;i: &#8220;V&#7853;y squad c&#7911;a em t&#7921; ch&#7911;... cho &#273;&#7871;n khi CEO m&#7903; Slack.&#8221; </p><h3><strong>Constraint 3: Turnover rate qu&#225; cao &#273;&#7875; maintain squad stability.</strong></h3><p>Squad model ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;t khi team &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh c&#249;ng nhau &#273;&#7911; l&#226;u &#273;&#7875; build trust, hi&#7875;u context s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nh&#7883;p l&#224;m vi&#7879;c chung. Spotify recommend squad n&#234;n g&#7855;n b&#243; &#237;t nh&#7845;t 6-12 th&#225;ng.</p><p>&#7902; VN, turnover rate ng&#224;nh tech trung b&#236;nh 20-25% m&#7895;i n&#259;m. M&#7897;t s&#7889; startup con s&#7889; &#273;&#243; l&#234;n t&#7899;i 40%. Squad 6 ng&#432;&#7901;i, c&#7913; 3 th&#225;ng m&#7845;t 1, sau 1 n&#259;m squad ch&#7881; c&#242;n 3 ng&#432;&#7901;i g&#7889;c. Context b&#7883; r&#7917;a tr&#244;i li&#234;n t&#7909;c. M&#7895;i l&#7847;n c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i v&#224;o l&#7841;i m&#7845;t 1-2 th&#225;ng onboard. Squad tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t c&#225;i x&#244; th&#7911;ng &#273;&#7893; n&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o bao nhi&#234;u c&#361;ng r&#7881; ra.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>V&#7853;y n&#234;n t&#7893; ch&#7913;c product team ki&#7875;u g&#236;?</strong></h2><p>M&#236;nh s&#7869; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;a ra m&#7897;t framework m&#7899;i r&#7891;i &#273;&#7863;t t&#234;n &#273;&#7865;p &#273;&#7869; v&#236; b&#7843;n th&#226;n c&#225;i vi&#7879;c copy framework l&#224; g&#7889;c r&#7877; c&#7911;a v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;. Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, m&#236;nh chia s&#7867; 3 nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c m&#224; m&#236;nh th&#7845;y ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng, c&#7843; &#7903; nh&#7919;ng ch&#7895; m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng build team l&#7851;n nh&#7919;ng ch&#7895; m&#236;nh chia s&#7869; &#273;&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng th&#7917;.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">H&#227;y b&#7845;m theo d&#245;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; <br>n&#7897;i dung c&#242;n l&#7841;i ho&#224;n to&#224;n mi&#7877;n ph&#237; nh&#233;.</mark></strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </mark></p><p style="text-align: center;">Want to see the rest of this awesome Post ? <br>Just hit that <strong>subscribe button for free</strong> to unlock the full post right now! </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>B&#7841;n &#273;ang &#7903; &#273;&#226;u? Squad th&#7853;t hay squad cosplay?</p><p>T.D, </p><p>T8.2026</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Founder's Lens #3: Trò chuyện với a Jimmy(Founder JETX, Be Group, Ex Chairman Galaxy Holding) Học tư duy Build to Win.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ghi ch&#233;p l&#7841;i bu&#7893;i chia s&#7869; v&#7899;i anh Jimmy v&#7899;i team v&#7873; t&#432; duy c&#7911;a m&#7897;t Product Builder th&#7913; thi&#7879;t: k&#7927; nguy&#234;n &#273;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n ch&#7845;m d&#7913;t, t&#224;n nh&#7851;n c&#7855;t t&#7879;p user kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p, v&#224; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng thay m&#225;u nh&#226;n s&#7921;.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-3-voi-anh-jimmy-founder-be-jetx-vng</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-3-voi-anh-jimmy-founder-be-jetx-vng</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 07 Aug 2026 07:00:54 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ysoy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78df69df-a47d-4323-a7c3-0b266a9cc589_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c, m&#236;nh c&#243; d&#7883;p m&#7901;i anh Jimmy m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i anh m&#224; d&#226;n Tech/Startup &#7903; S&#224;i G&#242;n ch&#7855;c ch&#7859;ng ai l&#7841; g&#236; &#273;&#7871;n v&#259;n ph&#242;ng &#273;&#7875; chia s&#7869; v&#7899;i team. Nh&#236;n l&#7841;i c&#225;i profile c&#7911;a &#7843;nh d&#224;i ngo&#7857;ng c&#361;ng n&#7875; k&#7875; nhanh v&#224;i &#253;: t&#7915; th&#7901;i l&#224;m CTO Co-founder VNG t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 2005 (th&#7901;i V&#245; L&#226;m Truy&#7873;n K&#7923;), r&#7891;i &#273;&#7867; ra Be Group, d&#7841;o qua v&#224;i startup l&#7899;n nh&#7887; v&#224; b&#226;y gi&#7901; &#273;ang l&#224;m Founder <a href="https://jetx.vn/">Jetx</a> ngo&#224;i l&#224;m Startup l&#224; c&#7843; Chu&#7895;i d&#224;i th&#7901;i gian Corp ex Chairman/Ceo Cho Galaxy Holding n&#243;i chung profile d&#224;i qu&#225; k&#7875; ho&#224;i kh&#244;ng h&#7871;t.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ysoy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78df69df-a47d-4323-a7c3-0b266a9cc589_1024x1024.png" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7901;i startup c&#7911;a anh chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; m&#7897;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng thu&#7847;n digital (VNG, Uiza,&#8230;) sang tr&#7853;n chi&#7871;n platform g&#7885;i xe &#273;&#7847;y m&#225;u me (Be Group), v&#224; gi&#7901; l&#224; m&#7897;t business s&#7863;c m&#249;i O2O (Online-to-Offline) k&#7871;t h&#7907;p ph&#7847;n c&#7913;ng nh&#432; chu&#7895;i r&#7917;a xe t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng <strong><a href="https://jetx.vn/">Jetx</a>.</strong> </p><blockquote><p><em>B&#7841;n &#7911;ng h&#7897; th&#234;m startup m&#7899;i c&#7911;a anh Jimmy &#7903; &#273;&#226;y m&#7897;t Biz m&#236;nh tin s&#7869; l&#224; m&#7897;t tay ch&#417;i m&#7899;i th&#7913; thi&#7879;t th&#7901;i gian t&#7899;i v&#224; s&#7869; ph&#7911; kh&#7855;p VN. </em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://jetx.vn/" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fARl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fARl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fARl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fARl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fARl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png" width="1456" height="764" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:764,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://jetx.vn/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fARl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fARl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fARl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fARl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9abf6cac-4906-4cb8-8673-96d752b481d1_1920x1008.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Download &#7903; &#273;&#226;y.</strong> </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.wash.jetx" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png" width="194" height="56" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:56,&quot;width&quot;:194,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Get it on Google Play&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Get it on Google Play&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.wash.jetx&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Get it on Google Play" title="Get it on Google Play" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://apps.apple.com/vn/app/jetx/id6717580732" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png" width="194" height="56" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:56,&quot;width&quot;:194,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Download on the App Store&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Download on the App Store&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://apps.apple.com/vn/app/jetx/id6717580732&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Download on the App Store" title="Download on the App Store" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>S&#7921; chuy&#7875;n d&#7883;ch &#273;&#243; mang theo c&#7921;c k&#7923; nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i h&#7885;c m&#224; anh &#273;&#227; chia s&#7869;. B&#7919;a &#273;&#243; hai anh em n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u v&#7873; chuy&#7879;n build product, l&#224;m m&#432;&#7899;n vs l&#224;m ch&#7911;. V&#224; sau &#273;&#243; l&#224; bu&#7893;i &#7843;nh chia s&#7869; kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u v&#7899;i team product lead &#7903; cty b&#7885;n m&#236;nh. </p><p>M&#236;nh c&#243; note l&#7841;i m&#7845;y c&#225;i g&#7841;ch &#273;&#7847;u d&#242;ng kh&#225; t&#226;m &#273;&#7855;c v&#224; xin &#253; ki&#7871;n anh v&#7873; vi&#7879;c chia s&#7869; m&#7897;t s&#7889; n&#7897;i dung l&#234;n blog n&#224;y, n&#234;n vi&#7871;t l&#7841;i &#7903; &#273;&#226;y cho anh em n&#224;o &#273;ang c&#243; &#253; &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7843;y ra l&#224;m ri&#234;ng ho&#7863;c &#273;ang l&#224;m PM m&#224; mu&#7889;n b&#417;i ra bi&#7875;n l&#7899;n.</p><h3><strong>&#272;&#7915;ng l&#224;m Founder, trong khi mindset v&#7851;n c&#242;n ngh&#297; &#273;i l&#224;m ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n l&#432;&#417;ng, trong ch&#237;nh c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</strong></h3><p>C&#225;i danh x&#432;ng <strong>&#8220;Product Builder&#8221;</strong> d&#7841;o n&#224;y &#273;ang b&#7883; l&#7841;m d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;ch kh&#7911;ng khi&#7871;p. L&#234;n LinkedIn, nh&#236;n &#273;&#226;u c&#361;ng th&#7845;y m&#7845;y b&#7841;n t&#7921; x&#432;ng l&#224; builder, l&#224;m ba c&#225;i app nho nh&#7887;, k&#233;o th&#7843; m&#7845;y c&#225;i tool no-code r&#7891;i t&#7921; g&#225;n m&#225;c. Anh Jimmy b&#243;c t&#225;ch chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y c&#7921;c k&#7923; hay.</p><p><strong>Product builder</strong> l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i lu&#244;n trong tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#8220;mu&#7889;n t&#236;m v&#224; th&#7845;y b&#224;i to&#225;n mu&#7889;n gi&#7843;i&#8221;. H&#7885; c&#243; s&#7921; t&#242; m&#242;. Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7875; b&#432;&#7899;c l&#234;n l&#224;m Founder v&#224; t&#7921; g&#7885;i l&#224; m&#7897;t builder, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i c&#243; m&#7897;t tinh th&#7847;n Entrepreneur (doanh nh&#226;n), ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t builder nh&#432; th&#7907; hay clone b&#7873; m&#7863;t &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224;m kh&#244;ng kinh doanh th&#236; builder n&#7893;i g&#236;.</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>Ti&#7873;n nhi&#7873;u th&#236; gi&#7843;i b&#224;i to&#225;n l&#7899;n (ki&#7875;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng r&#7917;a xe t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng), ti&#7873;n &#237;t th&#236; nh&#7843;y v&#224;o b&#224;i to&#225;n nh&#7887; (nh&#432; xe &#273;&#7849;y b&#225;n b&#225;nh m&#236;). Ch&#7859;ng c&#243; g&#236; sai c&#7843;.</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>Nh&#432;ng c&#225;i c&#7889;t l&#245;i l&#224;m n&#234;n m&#7897;t Founder l&#224; g&#236;? B&#7841;n ph&#7843;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; c&#225; t&#237;nh ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t v&#224; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n, &#225;p &#273;&#7863;t t&#7847;m &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng l&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#7881; th&#237;ch n&#250;p sau c&#225;i m&#224;n h&#236;nh g&#245; ph&#237;m, n&#233; tr&#225;nh vi&#7879;c va ch&#7841;m v&#7899;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n, th&#236; mu&#244;n &#273;&#7901;i b&#7841;n ch&#7881; l&#224; th&#7907; code hay th&#7907; v&#7869; spec th&#244;i. &#272;&#7915;ng g&#7885;i m&#236;nh l&#224; Founder.</p><h3><strong>T&#432; duy Build to Win: C&#225;i ch&#7871;t c&#7911;a k&#7927; nguy&#234;n &#272;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n l&#224;m t&#7915; thi&#7879;n.</strong></h3><p>N&#243;i v&#7873; chuy&#7879;n l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; th&#7855;ng, anh Jimmy c&#243; m&#7845;y c&#225;i rule of thumb &#273;&#7851;m m&#225;u t&#7915; chi&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; n&#7893;i &#273;au n&#7871;u c&#243; d&#7883;p ng&#7891;i v&#7899;i &#7843;nh c&#225;c b&#7841;n n&#234;n h&#7887;i. &#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, m&#7897;t product khi ra m&#7855;t ph&#7843;i ch&#7885;n ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7841;nh c&#7889;t l&#245;i. Gi&#7843; s&#7917; b&#7841;n list ra 10 y&#7871;u t&#7889;, th&#236; giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#7847;u c&#7847;n th&#7855;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#237;t nh&#7845;t 2 c&#225;i &#273;&#7875; c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i ng&#243;c &#273;&#7847;u l&#234;n. Kh&#244;ng ai l&#224;m xu&#7845;t s&#7855;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843; 10 th&#7913; ngay t&#7915; <strong>Day One.</strong></p><p>Nh&#432;ng b&#224;i h&#7885;c quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#250;t ra t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915;ng c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i x&#226;y cty h&#7857;ng ch&#7909;c h&#7857;ng tr&#259;m tri&#7879;u &#273;&#244; t&#7915; anh Jimmy l&#224;: <strong>Kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; b&#225;n d&#432;&#7899;i gi&#225; th&#224;nh, ko b&#225;n l&#7895;</strong>.</p><p>PH&#194;N T&#205;CH L&#7840;I T&#221;: Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; &#273;i qua c&#225;i th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i m&#224; c&#225;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng (platform) c&#7855;n r&#259;ng ch&#7883;u l&#7895; s&#7863;c m&#225;u &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t user b&#7845;t ch&#7845;p. Nh&#236;n l&#7841;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7885;i xe Vi&#7879;t Nam giai &#273;o&#7841;n 2018-2020 l&#224; th&#7845;y s&#7921; &#273;i&#234;n r&#7891;: <strong><a href="https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/dau-tu/lo-luy-ke-cua-grab-viet-nam-da-len-toi-hon-4-300-ty-dong-644485.html">Grab t&#7915;ng &#244;m kho&#7843;n l&#7895; l&#361;y k&#7871; l&#234;n t&#7899;i 4.300 t&#7927; &#273;&#7891;ng v&#224;o cu&#7889;i n&#259;m 2019</a></strong>, Gojek (l&#250;c &#273;&#243; l&#224; GoViet) <strong><a href="https://nguoiquansat.vn/gojek-chia-tay-thi-truong-viet-nam-de-lai-khoan-lo-luy-ke-gan-5-700-ty-dong-143000.html">&#273;&#7889;t g&#7847;n 5.700 t&#7927; &#273;&#7891;ng sau 6 n&#259;m r&#7891;i ph&#7843;i x&#225;ch vali r&#7901;i Vi&#7879;t Nam v&#224;o th&#225;ng 9/2024</a></strong>. Ch&#237;nh Be Group trong n&#259;m 2019 c&#361;ng <strong><a href="https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/tai-chinh/be-group-bao-lo-hon-1-500-ty-dong-nam-2019-661000.html">ph&#7843;i ch&#7883;u l&#7895; h&#417;n 1.500 t&#7927; &#273;&#7891;ng</a></strong> &#273;&#7875; tr&#7909; l&#7841;i trong cu&#7897;c chi&#7871;n voucher.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;6992b8a5-9a3f-48f7-83c3-dfd7f77f3664&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng t&#7841;o ra th&#243;i quen cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng. Ch&#250;ng ta t&#7841;o ra con nghi&#7879;n voucher. V&#224; b&#226;y gi&#7901;, khi cai thu&#7889;c, c&#7843; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng run r&#7849;y.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The Reality Check #2: Retention Loops vs &#272;&#7897;i qu&#226;n s&#259;n voucher&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:267697561,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Dat Huynh&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Let me walk you through how product rigor meets business acumen to create meaningful products.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/380527bc-dbdd-4b19-bc81-323835add389_1104x1102.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-05-19T03:30:55.450Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-2-retention-loops&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:196735357,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:20,&quot;comment_count&quot;:6,&quot;publication_id&quot;:3030377,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;Datht's Reflections &quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hJI3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2439ef8b-d0d1-4eb5-9535-bd0d138e8445_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p>C&#225;i b&#224;i l&#7895; &#273;&#7875; mua user &#273;&#243; ch&#7871;t ng&#7855;c r&#7891;i. Gi&#7901; l&#224; l&#250;c b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i gi&#7843;m chi ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng user m&#224; <strong>KH&#212;NG L&#7894;</strong>.</p><p>T&#7845;t nhi&#234;n, l&#224;m kinh doanh s&#7869; c&#243; l&#250;c n&#224;y l&#250;c kia. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n m&#7897;t t&#7881; l&#7879; under-perform t&#7913;c l&#224; l&#7895; nh&#7865; ho&#7863;c h&#242;a v&#7889;n &#7903; m&#7897;t t&#7879;p kh&#225;ch nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh mi&#7877;n l&#224; ph&#7847;n medium/high perform cover l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7875; t&#7893;ng th&#7875; c&#225;i P&amp;L (Profit &amp; Loss) v&#7851;n c&#243; l&#7901;i. Khi scale l&#234;n, c&#7913; th&#7859;ng tay c&#7855;t b&#7899;t ho&#7863;c t&#259;ng gi&#225; &#7903; nh&#243;m under-perform &#273;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o bi&#234;n l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n. &#272;&#7915;ng c&#243; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#244;m &#273;&#7891;m l&#224;m t&#7915; thi&#7879;n.</p><h3><strong>G&#243;c nh&#236;n ng&#432;&#7907;c: Customer Obsession l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#7851;y</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;i m&#236;nh kho&#225;i nh&#7845;t trong cu&#7897;c tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a anh v&#7899;i team. S&#225;ch v&#7903; th&#236; c&#7913; leo l&#7867;o d&#7841;y PM ph&#7843;i l&#7845;y ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng l&#224;m trung t&#226;m, nghe l&#7901;i user nh&#432; nghe l&#7901;i th&#225;nh. Nh&#432;ng g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a anh Jimmy th&#236; t&#225;t th&#7859;ng v&#224;o m&#7863;t l&#253; thuy&#7871;t &#273;&#243;: <strong>Kh&#244;ng c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng m&#7885;i nhu c&#7847;u c&#7911;a user.</strong></p><p>S&#7869; lu&#244;n c&#243; nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; ch&#7885;n product c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, v&#224; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng n&#234;n c&#7889; g&#7855;ng b&#7857;ng m&#7885;i c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; h&#7847;u h&#7841; t&#7853;p &#273;&#243; l&#224;m g&#236; cho r&#432;&#7899;c h&#7885;a v&#224;o th&#226;n v&#236; b&#7841;n ko th&#7875; l&#224;m h&#224;i l&#242;ng h&#7885; ho&#224;n to&#224;n h&#227;y gi&#7919; ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909; th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#7899;i b&#224;i to&#225;n <a href="https://jetx.vn/">JETX</a> (chu&#7895;i h&#7879; th&#7889;ng r&#7917;a xe t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng) c&#7911;a &#7843;nh: s&#7869; lu&#244;n c&#243; m&#7897;t t&#7879;p kh&#225;ch c&#243; th&#7901;i gian r&#7843;nh, th&#237;ch mang xe ra ti&#7879;m, ng&#7891;i nh&#226;m nhi ly c&#224; ph&#234; c&#7843; ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; &#273;&#7875; nh&#236;n &#244;ng th&#7907; x&#7883;t g&#7847;m, d&#242;n n&#7897;i th&#7845;t, r&#7917;a k&#7929; c&#224;ng t&#7915; trong ra ngo&#224;i. K&#7879; h&#7885;, m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng ph&#7909;c v&#7909; t&#7853;p &#273;&#243;. Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i thay &#273;&#7893;i ho&#7863;c b&#7867; cong s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7889;t l&#245;i r&#7917;a t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng b&#7857;ng m&#225;y &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhu c&#7847;u xoi m&#243;i t&#7881; m&#7881; n&#224;y.</p><p><a href="https://jetx.vn/">JETX</a> &#273;&#225;nh th&#7859;ng v&#224;o t&#7879;p c&#7847;n s&#7921; <strong>nhanh g&#7885;n</strong> v&#224; <strong>affordable</strong>. &#192;, c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;i m&#7865;o nh&#7887; v&#7873; &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7883;: d&#249;ng ch&#7919; affordable (h&#7907;p t&#250;i ti&#7873;n) thay v&#236; d&#249;ng ch&#7919; r&#7867; nghe n&#243; r&#7845;t ph&#232;n. JETX nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh y&#7871;u t&#7889; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; (5 ph&#250;t xong) v&#224; gi&#225; c&#7843; h&#7907;p l&#253;, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; &#273;i&#234;u ngoa h&#7913;a h&#7865;n l&#224; &#8220;s&#7869; r&#7917;a s&#7841;ch 100% kh&#244;ng t&#236; v&#7871;t&#8221; v&#236; m&#225;y m&#243;c th&#236; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; n&#224;o b&#7857;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i soi t&#7915;ng ng&#243;c ng&#225;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7841;nh, &#273;i&#7875;m y&#7871;u r&#245; r&#224;ng, kh&#244;ng gi&#7845;u c&#225;i y&#7871;u &#273;i n&#243;i r&#245; c&#225;i m&#236;nh ch&#7885;n v&#224; ch&#7881; ch&#233;m m&#7841;nh v&#224;o c&#225;i m&#236;nh gi&#7887;i.</p><h4><strong>Nh&#236;n t&#7915; v&#297; m&#244; l&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a l&#224;m startup: V&#237; d&#7909; b&#224;i to&#225;n anh Jimmy ch&#7885;n gi&#7843;i. T&#7841;i sao l&#7841;i l&#224; b&#224;i to&#225;n r&#7917;a xe l&#250;c n&#224;y?</strong></h4><p>L&#224;m product m&#224; ch&#7881; c&#7855;m m&#7863;t v&#224;o user feedback l&#224; d&#7903;, ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t nh&#236;n b&#7913;c tranh v&#297; m&#244; (Macro). Anh Jimmy ch&#7885;n JETX-Wash24h v&#236; data th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng qu&#225; r&#245; r&#224;ng: Theo th&#7889;ng k&#234; g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y, <strong><a href="https://autodaily.vn/2024/02/ty-le-so-huu-o-to-tai-viet-nam-chi-bang-110-malaysia-va-14-thai-lan">t&#7927; l&#7879; s&#7903; h&#7919;u &#244; t&#244; t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam hi&#7879;n nay loanh quanh m&#7913;c 63 xe/1.000 d&#226;n</a></strong>. Con s&#7889; n&#224;y c&#7921;c k&#7923; th&#7845;p n&#7871;u so v&#7899;i h&#224;ng x&#243;m: <strong><a href="https://znews.vn/ty-le-so-huu-oto-tai-viet-nam-thap-den-muc-nao-post1468114.html">Th&#225;i Lan l&#224; ~275 xe/1.000 d&#226;n, c&#242;n Malaysia l&#234;n t&#7899;i h&#417;n 500 xe/1.000 d&#226;n</a></strong>.</p><p>Ngh&#297;a l&#224; g&#236;? D&#432; &#273;&#7883;a t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#8220;&#244; t&#244; h&#243;a&#8221; &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;ang b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o giai &#273;o&#7841;n b&#249;ng n&#7893; khi GDP &#273;&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i r&#7909;c r&#7883;ch v&#432;&#7907;t m&#7889;c 5.000 USD. Ch&#417;i &#7903; m&#7897;t th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;ang &#273;&#243;n s&#243;ng l&#7899;n th&#236; vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ra m&#7897;t m&#244; h&#236;nh r&#7917;a xe chu&#7849;n h&#243;a, c&#7855;t b&#7899;t s&#7913;c ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#7887; v&#224;ng. Nh&#236;n ra n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#224;i tham kh&#7843;o r&#7891;i &#7889;p v&#7873; Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh l&#7841;i. &#272;&#243; l&#224; t&#7847;m nh&#236;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#417;i h&#7879; v&#297; m&#244;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zujw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86f9ba2a-60e5-45cd-a5bd-a264a76e0c39_5712x4284.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zujw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86f9ba2a-60e5-45cd-a5bd-a264a76e0c39_5712x4284.jpeg 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zujw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86f9ba2a-60e5-45cd-a5bd-a264a76e0c39_5712x4284.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zujw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86f9ba2a-60e5-45cd-a5bd-a264a76e0c39_5712x4284.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zujw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86f9ba2a-60e5-45cd-a5bd-a264a76e0c39_5712x4284.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zujw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86f9ba2a-60e5-45cd-a5bd-a264a76e0c39_5712x4284.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>Chuy&#7879;n con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7847;n r&#245; r&#224;ng khi l&#224;m startup.</strong></h3><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><mark data-color="#ffff00" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);">H&#227;y theo b&#7845;m theo d&#245;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; <br>v&#7873; n&#7897;i dung c&#242;n l&#7841;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237; nh&#233;.</span></mark></strong><mark data-color="#ffff00" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span data-color="#134f5c" style="color: rgb(19, 79, 92);"> </span></mark></p><p style="text-align: center;">Want to see the rest of this awesome Post ? <br>Just hit that <strong>subscribe button for free</strong> to unlock the full post right now! </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p></p><p><em>T.D </em></p><p><em>T6.2026.</em></p><blockquote><p><span>P/s : Seri B&#224;i vi&#7871;t c&#7911;a</span><a href="https://blog.datht.com/t/the-founders-lens"> the-founders-lens</a><span> l&#224; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t d&#7841;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n t&#7915; c&#225;c chia s&#7869; c&#225; nh&#226;n trong ph&#7841;m vi bu&#7893;i chia s&#7869; cho n&#7897;i b&#7897; team m&#236;nh v&#224; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c nh&#7853;n chia s&#7869; l&#234;n Blog. C&#225;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n view c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#234;u t&#234;n chia s&#7869; trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n th&#236; c&#7847;n/n&#234;n c&#243; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh c&#225;c g&#243;c nh&#236;n sai l&#7879;ch. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho m&#7909;c ti&#234;u t&#7841;o ra g&#243;c nh&#236;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; cho c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng Product Vi&#7879;t Nam.</span></p></blockquote>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #11: MVP phải là thứ chúng ta thấy xấu hổ đã giết bao nhiêu startup VN? ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Reid Hoffman n&#243;i: "N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng x&#7845;u h&#7893; v&#7899;i phi&#234;n b&#7843;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, b&#7841;n launch qu&#225; tr&#7877;." C&#226;u &#273;&#243; &#273;&#250;ng &#7903; San Francisco. &#7902; Vi&#7879;t Nam, n&#243; l&#224; b&#7843;n &#225;n t&#7917; h&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c disguise d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng l&#7901;i khuy&#234;n kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-11-mvp-xau-ho</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-11-mvp-xau-ho</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2026 06:30:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>&#8220;N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng x&#7845;u h&#7893; v&#7899;i phi&#234;n b&#7843;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; launch qu&#225; tr&#7877;.&#8221; Reid Hoffman, LinkedIn Co-founder. C&#226;u n&#243;i n&#224;y &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c in l&#234;n &#225;o thun, d&#225;n l&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng office, ch&#233;p v&#224;o slide pitch deck c&#7911;a h&#224;ng ngh&#236;n startup. </strong></em></p><p><em><strong>V&#224; &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam, n&#243; c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; gi&#7871;t kh&#244;ng &#237;t trong s&#7889; h&#7885;.</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f7xn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c6c599f-3e59-4f30-9f33-69c107a10e76_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Th&#225;ng 12/2020, l&#224;ng game th&#7871; gi&#7899;i ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n m&#7897;t th&#7843;m h&#7885;a mang t&#234;n <em>Cyberpunk 2077</em>. CD Projekt Red, studio l&#7915;ng danh &#273;&#7913;ng sau si&#234;u ph&#7849;m <em>The Witcher 3</em>, &#273;&#227; rush launch m&#7897;t t&#7921;a game ch&#432;a ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n sau nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n tr&#236; ho&#227;n.</p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;? Game &#273;&#7847;y l&#7895;i, crash li&#234;n t&#7909;c, v&#224; &#273;&#7891; h&#7885;a th&#7843;m h&#7841;i tr&#234;n c&#225;c h&#7879; m&#225;y c&#361;. L&#224;n s&#243;ng ph&#7851;n n&#7897; b&#249;ng n&#7893;. H&#7853;u qu&#7843; t&#224;n kh&#7889;c nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7871;n v&#224;o ng&#224;y 18/12/2020: Sony &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#244; ti&#7873;n kho&#225;ng h&#7853;u l&#224; g&#7905; b&#7887; ho&#224;n to&#224;n <em>Cyberpunk 2077</em> kh&#7887;i PlayStation Store v&#224; ho&#224;n ti&#7873;n v&#244; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n. T&#7915; m&#7897;t k&#7923; quan c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7923; v&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t th&#7853;p k&#7927;, t&#7921;a game tr&#7903; th&#224;nh case study kinh &#273;i&#7875;n c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ship m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ch&#432;a s&#7861;n s&#224;ng.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; n&#243;i: <em>&#8220;&#272;&#243; l&#224; game AAA, N&#7871;u startup c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#224;m app nh&#7887; x&#237;u giao &#273;&#7891; &#259;n chay th&#236; sao, so s&#225;nh th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c?&#8221;</em></p><p>&#272;&#250;ng l&#224; quy m&#244; kh&#225;c nhau. Nh&#432;ng b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#236; kh&#244;ng. G&#245; v&#224;o thanh t&#236;m ki&#7871;m c&#7911;a Facebook: <em>&#8220;app l&#7895;i b&#7883; b&#243;c ph&#7889;t.&#8221;</em> B&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y m&#7897;t d&#242;ng timeline d&#224;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m k&#7871;t th&#250;c &#7903; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>Screenshot order giao sai &#273;&#7883;a ch&#7881;. H&#236;nh ch&#7909;p push notification b&#7855;n l&#250;c 3 gi&#7901; s&#225;ng. C&#225;c b&#224;i &#273;&#259;ng trong h&#7897;i nh&#243;m ng&#224;nh (&#258;n chay HCM 80K member, H&#7897;i review app 200K member) v&#7899;i n&#7897;i dung: <em>&#8220;Warning anh ch&#7883; em: app X v&#7915;a ra m&#7855;t, m&#236;nh khuy&#234;n th&#7853;t l&#224; &#273;&#7915;ng d&#249;ng...&#8221;</em> K&#232;m theo l&#224; h&#224;ng tr&#259;m comment &#273;&#7891;ng t&#236;nh, share qua Story.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; pattern m&#236;nh quan s&#225;t th&#7845;y &#7903; nhi&#7873;u startup trong v&#224;i n&#259;m qua: rush launch v&#236; <em>&#8220;tinh th&#7847;n MVP&#8221;</em>, b&#7883; b&#243;c ph&#7889;t, im l&#7863;ng, r&#7891;i ch&#7853;t v&#7853;t ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i ho&#7863;c ch&#7871;t h&#7859;n.</p><p>M&#236;nh t&#7841;m g&#7885;i hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y l&#224; <strong>&#8220;B&#243;c Ph&#7889;t Theater&#8221;</strong> kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng sai khi ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng, m&#224; v&#236; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u startup &#273;ang d&#249;ng ch&#7919; &#8220;MVP&#8221; nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;i gi&#7845;y ph&#233;p &#273;&#7875; ship th&#7913; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u, r&#7891;i ng&#7841;c nhi&#234;n khi th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng bao dung nh&#432; h&#7885; ngh&#297;. V&#224; c&#225;i gi&#7845;y ph&#233;p &#273;&#243; c&#243; ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c t&#7915; m&#7897;t c&#226;u n&#243;i b&#7883; tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n sai b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c nguy hi&#7875;m.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Theory: T&#7841;i sao Reid Hoffman l&#7841;i n&#243;i v&#7853;y?</strong></h2><p>Mu&#7889;n ph&#7843;n b&#225;c &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7895;, ph&#7843;i hi&#7875;u c&#226;u &#273;&#243; ra &#273;&#7901;i trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh n&#224;o.</p><p>N&#259;m 2011, Reid Hoffman &#273;&#432;a ra c&#226;u &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i trong m&#7897;t keynote ho&#224;nh tr&#225;ng. &#272;&#243; l&#224; c&#226;u &#244;ng chia s&#7867; t&#7915; kinh nghi&#7879;m build LinkedIn m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#224; theo &#244;ng, khi launch phi&#234;n b&#7843;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, c&#7843; team &#273;&#7873;u th&#7845;y x&#7845;u h&#7893; v&#236; n&#243; qu&#225; s&#417; s&#224;i. Nh&#432;ng n&#243; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng. N&#243; thu h&#250;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c early adopters. V&#224; t&#7915; feedback c&#7911;a nh&#243;m ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243;, LinkedIn m&#7899;i bi&#7871;t n&#234;n build g&#236; ti&#7871;p theo.</p><p>Tinh th&#7847;n g&#7889;c c&#7911;a MVP kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; <em>ship &#273;&#7891; n&#225;t.</em> N&#243; l&#224; <em>&#273;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7875; s&#7921; ho&#224;n h&#7843;o l&#224; k&#7867; th&#249; c&#7911;a &#273;&#7911; t&#7889;t</em> h&#7885;c nhanh h&#417;n l&#224; build ho&#224;n h&#7843;o. Eric Ries trong cu&#7889;n <em><strong>The Lean Startup</strong></em> &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a MVP l&#224; phi&#234;n b&#7843;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m cho ph&#233;p team thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c <em>maximum validated learning</em> v&#7899;i minimum effort. </p><p>T&#7915; kh&#243;a l&#224; <em><strong>validated learning</strong></em> kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i <em><strong>minimum quality</strong></em>.</p><p>&#221; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#243; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng r&#7845;t t&#7889;t trong m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh c&#7909; th&#7875;:</p><p><strong>Th&#7913; nh&#7845;t:</strong> th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng <em>unknown</em> n&#417;i user ch&#432;a c&#243; baseline k&#7923; v&#7885;ng v&#236; ch&#432;a ai l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;. </p><ul><li><p>Dropbox launch beta b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;i landing page + video demo n&#259;m 2007 kh&#244;ng c&#243; app th&#7853;t. 70,000 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; ch&#7881; sau 24 gi&#7901;. V&#236; kh&#244;ng ai bi&#7871;t file sync tr&#234;n cloud s&#7869; tr&#244;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, h&#7885; kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh v&#224; ph&#225;n x&#233;t.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Th&#7913; hai:</strong> s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; v&#242;ng feedback ng&#7855;n v&#224; chi ph&#237; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i th&#7845;p B2C SaaS, consumer app, internal tool. B&#7841;n launch, user d&#249;ng th&#7917; 3 ng&#224;y, feedback, b&#7841;n fix, launch l&#7841;i. Cycle ng&#7855;n. Damage c&#243; th&#7875; recover.</p><p><strong>Th&#7913; ba:</strong> market m&#224; reputation damage c&#243; th&#7875; repair &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n cao &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a hype cycle, n&#417;i user bao dung h&#417;n v&#236; h&#7885; c&#361;ng &#273;ang h&#7885;c c&#249;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>V&#7853;y v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; MVP sai. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224; ng&#224;nh PM Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#227; take c&#226;u &#273;&#243; ra kh&#7887;i context v&#224; bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh c&#225;i gi&#7845;y ph&#233;p l&#225;i xe h&#7841;ng n&#7863;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng ai ph&#7843;i thi b&#7857;ng.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Breaking Point: 3 l&#253; do MVP T&#7879; h&#7841;i l&#224; c&#244;ng th&#7913;c t&#7921; s&#225;t &#7903; VN</strong></h2><h3><strong>L&#253; do 1: M&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i VN kh&#244;ng c&#243; v&#249;ng th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ch&#7881; c&#243; s&#226;n x&#7917; t&#7897;i, v&#224; v&#7845;n n&#7841;n th&#237;ch ch&#234; bai h&#417;n &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#225;c. Toxic ho&#225; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t. </strong></h3><p>Dropbox n&#259;m 2007 ra m&#7855;t khi Twitter ch&#432;a ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n, Facebook ch&#7881; m&#7899;i m&#7903; cho public, smartphone ch&#432;a ph&#7893; c&#7853;p. Feedback loop ch&#7911; y&#7871;u qua email v&#224; tech blog. M&#7897;t c&#225;i bug hay UX l&#7911;ng c&#7911;ng? M&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#224;n n&#224;n, team fix, xong.</p><p>B&#226;y gi&#7901;, 2026, b&#7841;n ra m&#7855;t app giao &#273;&#7891; &#259;n chay &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam. Ngay trong 24 gi&#7901; &#273;&#7847;u, n&#7871;u c&#243; g&#236; kh&#244;ng &#7893;n:</p><ul><li><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ch&#7909;p m&#224;n h&#236;nh.</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#432;a l&#234;n group Facebook ng&#224;nh n&#7871;u v&#237; d&#7909; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng qu&#225;n &#259;n (&#258;n Chay HCM: 80K members; H&#7897;i review app Vi&#7879;t: 200K members; c&#225;c group t&#7853;p trung d&#226;n ng&#224;nh tech, startup, PM h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c ngh&#236;n ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7895;i nh&#243;m).</p></li><li><p>TikTok review. Reels. Story.</p></li><li><p>B&#225;o m&#7841;ng tech VN pick up n&#7871;u &#273;&#7911; drama.</p></li></ul><p>T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; lan truy&#7873;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#225;i <strong>&#8220;b&#243;c ph&#7889;t&#8221;</strong> &#7903; VN n&#259;m 2026 g&#7847;n nh&#432; b&#7857;ng th&#7901;i gian th&#7853;t. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7907; ch&#7901; &#273;&#7907;i khi h&#7841;nh ph&#250;c con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y s&#432;&#7899;ng khi m&#236;nh ch&#7917;i hay ch&#234; s&#7899;m. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch. B&#7841;n b&#7883; x&#233;t x&#7917; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi k&#7883;p vi&#7871;t blog post xin l&#7895;i.</p><p>V&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u t&#224;n nh&#7851;n h&#417;n: <strong>trust &#7903; VN m&#7845;t &#273;i l&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#7845;y l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</strong> M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng n&#243;i &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#225;i th&#224;nh ki&#7871;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; h&#7879; qu&#7843; c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; l&#7915;a d&#7889;i b&#7903;i qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#8220;x&#7893; b&#7915;a ra r&#7891;i m&#7845;t ti&#234;u.&#8221; User VN c&#243; l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng tin t&#432;&#7903;ng. C&#225;i app giao &#273;&#7891; &#259;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#259;n chay kia &#273;&#227; &#8220;r&#7917;a t&#7897;i&#8221; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch n&#224;o? Founder k&#7875;: team fix h&#7871;t bug, app ch&#7841;y t&#7889;t, nh&#432;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng download sau v&#7909; b&#243;c ph&#7889;t kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i v&#7873; m&#7913;c tr&#432;&#7899;c. C&#225;i t&#234;n brand &#273;&#227; b&#7883; g&#7855;n v&#7899;i <em>&#8220;app l&#7895;i&#8221;</em> trong t&#226;m tr&#237; m&#7897;t c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng 80K ng&#432;&#7901;i &#8212; v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; budget qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o n&#224;o &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; ghi &#273;&#232; k&#253; &#7913;c &#273;&#243;.</p><h3><strong>L&#253; do 2: &#8220;Launch and ghost&#8221; b&#7879;nh &#273;&#7863;c th&#249; c&#7911;a startup VN</strong></h3><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n th&#7875; c&#7911;a c&#225;i b&#7879;nh MVP m&#224; m&#236;nh th&#7845;y r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u &#7903; VN, v&#224; n&#243; nguy hi&#7875;m h&#417;n c&#7843; vi&#7879;c launch s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m l&#7895;i: <strong>launch xong im l&#7863;ng khi b&#7883; ch&#7881; tr&#237;ch.</strong> N&#243;i b&#224;i mkt b&#225;o ch&#237; th&#236; nh&#432; r&#7891;ng, nh&#432;ng ph&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#432;ng l&#224;m &#259;n th&#236; m&#232;o m&#7917;a. </p><p>Quy tr&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7845;y:</p><ol><li><p>Startup launch app v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7895;i, v&#236; c&#7847;n learn nhanh.</p></li><li><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ph&#224;n n&#224;n tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng.</p></li><li><p>Startup... kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i. Ho&#7863;c ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i mu&#7897;n 3-5 ng&#224;y. Ho&#7863;c ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch defensive: <em>&#8220;C&#7843;m &#417;n m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; g&#243;p &#253;, team &#273;ang c&#7889; g&#7855;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n.&#8221;</em> Generic. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; timeline. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; acknowledgment c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p></li><li><p>C&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7885;c s&#7921; im l&#7863;ng &#273;&#243; nh&#432; m&#7897;t t&#237;n hi&#7879;u: <em>&#8220;H&#7885; kh&#244;ng care.&#8221;</em> B&#243;c ph&#7889;t leo thang.</p></li><li><p>Startup s&#7853;p.</p></li></ol><p>C&#225;i <strong>&#8220;launch and ghost&#8221;</strong> n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; founder &#225;c &#253;. N&#243; xu&#7845;t ph&#225;t t&#7915; vi&#7879;c team qu&#225; nh&#7887;, qu&#225; b&#7853;n fix bug, kh&#244;ng c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i chuy&#234;n tr&#225;ch community management. Nh&#432;ng user kh&#244;ng quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n l&#253; do n&#7897;i b&#7897; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. H&#7885; ch&#7881; th&#7845;y m&#7897;t c&#225;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m l&#7895;i v&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; bi&#7871;n m&#7845;t. Nh&#432;ng t&#7879; nh&#7845;t n&#7871;u l&#224;m do founder th&#237;ch ch&#233;m gi&#243; th&#237;ch mkt l&#7845;y ti&#7871;ng. Th&#237;ch phong tr&#224;o startup l&#7845;y danh. </p><p>Reid Hoffman build LinkedIn v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;i team ngay t&#7915; ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#227; c&#243; kinh nghi&#7879;m qu&#7843;n l&#253; kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng, c&#7897;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i Silicon Valley s&#7861;n s&#224;ng bao dung cho s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;ang trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n beta. &#272;&#243; l&#224; infrastructure m&#224; &#273;a ph&#7847;n startup VN kh&#244;ng c&#243;.</p><h3><strong>L&#253; do 3: VN kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#8220;unknown&#8221; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng hypercompetitive v&#7899;i k&#7923; v&#7885;ng cao</strong></h3><p>B&#7845;t k&#7923; category n&#224;o b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n l&#224;m &#7903; VN n&#259;m 2026 giao &#273;&#7891; &#259;n, fintech, edtech, healthtech &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#227; c&#243; &#237;t nh&#7845;t 2-3 s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ch&#7841;y tr&#432;&#7899;c, trong &#273;&#243; c&#243; international players v&#7899;i UX c&#7921;c k&#7923; m&#432;&#7907;t m&#224; v&#224; budget marketing kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;.</p><p>User VN &#273;&#227; d&#249;ng Grab, &#273;&#227; d&#249;ng ShopeeFood, &#273;&#227; d&#249;ng MoMo. &#272;&#7871;n c&#225;c app t&#7915; Bank c&#242;n ch&#7883;u update thay &#273;&#7893;i ph&#249; h&#7907;p kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng h&#417;n c&#225;c n&#432;&#7899;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i top &#273;&#7847;u th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. K&#7923; v&#7885;ng baseline c&#7911;a h&#7885; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; &#8220;app ch&#7841;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224; t&#7889;t&#8221; n&#7919;a. Baseline c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&#224; <em>Grab level, Tele..</em>. B&#7845;t k&#7923; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#224;o xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n sau &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7873;u b&#7883; so s&#225;nh v&#7899;i Grab.</p><p>B&#7841;n launch m&#7897;t c&#225;i app giao &#273;&#7891; chay m&#224; order b&#7883; nh&#7847;m &#273;&#7883;a ch&#7881;, push notification b&#7855;n lo&#7841;n, th&#236; user kh&#244;ng ngh&#297; <em>&#8220;&#7891; startup m&#7899;i &#273;ang h&#7885;c.&#8221;</em> H&#7885; ngh&#297; <em>&#8220;t&#7841;i sao m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng Grab cho xong?&#8221;</em></p><p>MVP t&#7879; ch&#7881; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#224;o t&#7889;t h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh. Khi th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#227; b&#227;o h&#242;a v&#7899;i alternatives t&#7889;t h&#417;n, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; quy&#7873;n t&#7879;. B&#7841;n ph&#7843;i ra s&#226;n v&#7899;i &#237;t nh&#7845;t ngang b&#7857;ng ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; d&#249; scope c&#7911;a b&#7841;n h&#7865;p h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Patch: N&#234;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m vi&#7879;c chuy&#7875;n SLC Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i khai t&#7917; MVP,Ch&#7881; m&#224; l&#224; n&#226;ng chu&#7849;n.</strong></h2><p><em>(&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ch&#7895; m&#236;nh s&#7869; n&#243;i r&#245;: m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng b&#7843;o b&#7887; h&#7859;n t&#432; duy lean/MVP. M&#236;nh b&#7843;o ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n m&#7897;t phi&#234;n b&#7843;n n&#226;ng c&#7845;p cho th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng VN.)</em></p><p><strong>M&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; xu&#7845;t c&#225;c n&#226;ng chu&#7849;n c&#7909; th&#7875; nh&#432; sau &#8230;</strong> </p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span>H&#227;y b&#7845;m &#8220;Theo d&#245;i&#8221; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; <br>v&#7873; n&#7897;i dung c&#242;n l&#7841;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237; nh&#233;.</span></mark></strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span> </span></mark></p><p style="text-align: center;">Want to see the rest of this awesome Post ? <br>Just hit that <strong>subscribe button for free</strong> to unlock the full post right now! </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div><hr></div><p><em><a href="https://www.datht.com/">T.D</a>, <br>T7.2026</em></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #10: User Persona ảo tưởng Chị Hạnh 25 tuổi thích indie thì liên quan gì đến Revenue? ]]></title><description><![CDATA[PM nh&#7853;n vi&#7879;c xong ng&#7891;i 2 tu&#7847;n v&#7869; 4 c&#225;i Persona &#273;&#7865;p lung linh. CEO h&#7887;i: M&#7845;y ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y s&#7861;n s&#224;ng tr&#7843; bao nhi&#234;u ti&#7873;n? Im l&#7863;ng. &#272;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c &#273;&#7853;p b&#7887; Demographic Persona v&#224; chuy&#7875;n sang Financial Persona.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-10-user-persona</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-10-user-persona</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2026 02:52:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eV5Z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4bd74927-613c-458d-bf73-4e94e6b8d2d2_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>Hi&#7875;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n. M&#7885;i cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch PM tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873;u m&#7903; &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng c&#226;u n&#224;y. Nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a cu&#7889;n n&#224;o n&#243;i cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t: v&#7869; ra m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t h&#432; c&#7845;u c&#243; t&#234;n, c&#243; &#7843;nh stock, c&#243; quote gi&#7843; r&#7891;i d&#225;n l&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p th&#236; hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;i g&#236;?</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eV5Z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4bd74927-613c-458d-bf73-4e94e6b8d2d2_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>C&#243; th&#7875; &#7903; &#273;&#226;u &#273;&#243; c&#243; m&#7897;t PM m&#7899;i nh&#7853;n vi&#7879;c &#7903; m&#7897;t startup fintech t&#7841;i Qu&#7853;n 7. Tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u, s&#7871;p b&#7843;o: <em>&#8220;Em research &#273;i, v&#7869; User Persona cho s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#7899;i.&#8221;</em></p><p>Hai tu&#7847;n sau, PM tr&#236;nh b&#224;y m&#7897;t b&#7897; Persona 4 nh&#226;n v&#7853;t ho&#224;nh tr&#225;ng:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Ch&#7883; H&#7841;nh, 28 tu&#7893;i.</strong> Marketing Executive. Thu nh&#7853;p 18 tri&#7879;u/th&#225;ng. Th&#237;ch nghe nh&#7841;c indie, hay u&#7889;ng c&#224; ph&#234; specialty, ch&#7841;y b&#7897; v&#224;o bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng. </p><ul><li><p>Quote: <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh mu&#7889;n qu&#7843;n l&#253; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh c&#225; nh&#226;n t&#7889;t h&#417;n.&#8221;</em></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Anh Minh, 35 tu&#7893;i.</strong> Team Lead IT. Th&#237;ch &#273;&#7885;c TechCrunch, Tinh T&#7871;. C&#243; 2 con nh&#7887;. </p><ul><li><p>Quote: <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh c&#7847;n m&#7897;t app &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i chi ti&#234;u gia &#273;&#236;nh.&#8221;</em></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>B&#233; T&#250;, 22 tu&#7893;i.</strong> Fresh graduate. L&#432;&#417;ng 10 tri&#7879;u. D&#249;ng iPhone c&#361;.</p><ul><li><p>Quote: <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh mu&#7889;n ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u.&#8221;</em></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>C&#244; Lan, 45 tu&#7893;i.</strong> Ch&#7911; ti&#7879;m t&#7841;p h&#243;a &#7903; B&#236;nh D&#432;&#417;ng. D&#249;ng Samsung J7. </p><ul><li><p>Quote: <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh ch&#7881; c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t h&#244;m nay l&#227;i hay l&#7895;.&#8221;</em></p></li></ul></li></ul><p>M&#7895;i Persona c&#243; &#7843;nh stock &#273;&#7865;p, infographic b&#7855;t m&#7855;t, pain points li&#7879;t k&#234; g&#7885;n gh&#7869;. Tr&#236;nh b&#224;y xong, c&#7843; ph&#242;ng v&#7895; tay.</p><p>CEO nh&#236;n 10 gi&#226;y. R&#7891;i h&#7887;i &#273;&#250;ng m&#7897;t c&#226;u:</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>OK. B&#7889;n ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y, ai s&#7861;n s&#224;ng tr&#7843; 49K/th&#225;ng cho app m&#236;nh? V&#224; t&#7841;i sao?</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>Im l&#7863;ng.</p><p>PM &#7845;p &#250;ng: <em>&#8220;D&#7841;... em c&#7847;n research th&#234;m &#7841;.&#8221;</em></p><p>CEO g&#7853;t: <em>&#8220;V&#7853;y 2 tu&#7847;n v&#7915;a r&#7891;i em research c&#225;i g&#236;?&#8221;</em></p><p>PM d&#224;nh h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n tr&#7901;i v&#7869; Persona, tr&#236;nh b&#224;y ho&#224;nh tr&#225;ng, r&#7891;i file Slide &#273;&#243; n&#7857;m ch&#7871;t d&#237; trong Google Drive. Kh&#244;ng ai m&#7903; l&#7841;i. Kh&#244;ng ai ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh product d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ch&#7883; H&#7841;nh th&#237;ch nh&#7841;c indie.</p><p>M&#236;nh g&#7885;i hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y l&#224; <strong>Persona Theater</strong> anh em ru&#7897;t c&#7911;a Dashboard Theater v&#224; Agile Theater m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; th&#7917; nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n &#7903; c&#225;c t&#7853;p tr&#432;&#7899;c. C&#249;ng m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh: l&#224;m &#273;&#7875; tr&#244;ng cho c&#243;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; d&#249;ng.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Theory: Alan Cooper v&#224; gi&#7845;c m&#417; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; cho con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7909; th&#7875;.</strong></h2><p>User Persona ra &#273;&#7901;i t&#7915; th&#7853;p ni&#234;n 90, cha &#273;&#7867; l&#224; Alan Cooper m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;n phong v&#7873; Interaction Design. &#221; t&#432;&#7903;ng g&#7889;c r&#7845;t hay: thay v&#236; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; cho user n&#243;i chung m&#7897;t kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m c&#243; th&#7875; chung chung, m&#417; h&#7891;, h&#227;y t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t nh&#226;n v&#7853;t c&#7909; th&#7875; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n research th&#7921;c t&#7871;, r&#7891;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#7885;i th&#7913; xoay quanh nhu c&#7847;u c&#7911;a nh&#226;n v&#7853;t &#273;&#243;.</p><p>Nguy&#234;n b&#7843;n, Cooper y&#234;u c&#7847;u Persona ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng t&#7915; <strong>ethnographic research</strong> nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7921;c &#273;&#7883;a, quan s&#225;t h&#224;nh vi th&#7853;t, ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n s&#226;u. Persona kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng ra. N&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; b&#7913;c ch&#226;n dung ch&#7855;t l&#7885;c t&#7915; h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c cu&#7897;c tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n th&#7853;t v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7853;t.</p><p>R&#7891;i t&#7915; c&#225;i &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng thanh l&#7883;ch &#273;&#243;, ng&#224;nh PM bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p. Product School d&#7841;y. Reforge d&#7841;y. Bootcamp PM, Google PM online n&#224;o c&#361;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t module C&#225;ch v&#7869; User Persona. Template &#273;&#7847;y tr&#234;n Notion, Miro, Figma. B&#7841;n ch&#7881; c&#7847;n fill v&#224;o &#244;: T&#234;n, tu&#7893;i, ngh&#7873; nghi&#7879;p, s&#7903; th&#237;ch, pain points, goals. Xong. Ch&#7909;p screenshot. D&#225;n l&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p>&#7902; Google, Facebook n&#417;i c&#243; h&#224;ng t&#7927; data points v&#224; team research h&#224;ng tr&#259;m ng&#432;&#7901;i Persona c&#243; th&#7875; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng v&#236; n&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng data c&#7921;c k&#7923; d&#224;y. Nh&#432;ng khi PM VN ng&#7891;i trong ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p, kh&#244;ng c&#243; budget research, kh&#244;ng c&#243; data team, v&#224; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u user b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c h&#7887;i 5 ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7841;n th&#226;n xem h&#7885; c&#243; d&#249;ng app n&#224;y kh&#244;ng th&#236; c&#225;i Persona v&#7869; ra th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t l&#224; <strong>fan fiction</strong>. M&#224; &#273;&#225;ng l&#432;u t&#226;m h&#417;n PM kh&#244;ng nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; Skill Research &#273;&#250;ng ngh&#297;a. Research &#273;&#250;ng c&#361;ng c&#7847;n c&#243; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n &#273;&#7845;y nh&#233;. </p><p>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng &#273;ang m&#244; t&#7843; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#7853;t. B&#7841;n &#273;ang vi&#7871;t ti&#7875;u thuy&#7871;t.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Breaking Point: 3 c&#225;i b&#7851;y c&#7911;a Persona &#7903; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam</strong></h2><h3><strong>B&#7851;y 1: Persona tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#8220;Who&#8221; nh&#432;ng n&#233; &#8220;How Much&#8221;</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;i b&#7851;y ch&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7845;t.</p><p>Ch&#7883; H&#7841;nh, 28 tu&#7893;i, Marketing Executive, th&#237;ch indie. OK. V&#7853;y ch&#7883; H&#7841;nh c&#243; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng b&#7887; 49K/th&#225;ng cho app qu&#7843;n l&#253; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh kh&#244;ng? Hay ch&#7883; &#7845;y s&#7869; d&#249;ng b&#7843;n free r&#7891;i l&#432;&#7899;t qua feature premium m&#224; kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; upgrade? Persona kh&#244;ng tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u n&#224;y.</p><p>&#7902; M&#7929;, c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#8220;Who&#8221; quan tr&#7885;ng v&#236; s&#7913;c mua purchasing power &#273;&#227; &#7903; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7911; cao. M&#7897;t developer M&#7929; l&#432;&#417;ng $150K/n&#259;m qu&#7865;t th&#7867; $10/th&#225;ng cho Notion m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n suy ngh&#297;. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224; t&#236;m &#273;&#250;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#250;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m. &#8220;Who&#8221; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 80% b&#224;i to&#225;n.</p><p>&#7902; VN? S&#7913;c mua th&#7845;p h&#417;n 10-15 l&#7847;n. Willingness to pay s&#7921; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng chi tr&#7843; g&#7847;n &#273;&#225;y. User VN c&#224;i 3-4 app c&#249;ng lo&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; so gi&#225;, d&#249;ng b&#7843;n free m&#227;i m&#227;i, hack m&#7885;i th&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; hack. Trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh n&#224;y, bi&#7871;t &#8220;Who&#8221; m&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t &#8220;How Much&#8221; th&#236; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;ch &#273;&#243;ng qu&#226;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;u m&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t qu&#226;n s&#7889; bao nhi&#234;u v&#244; d&#7909;ng.</p><p>CEO h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#224; ai?&#8221;</em> PM tr&#7843; l&#7901;i t&#7921; tin: <em>&#8220;Ch&#7883; H&#7841;nh, 28 tu&#7893;i, th&#237;ch indie!&#8221;</em> CEO h&#7887;i ti&#7871;p: <em>&#8220;Ch&#7883; H&#7841;nh s&#7869; tr&#7843; bao nhi&#234;u?&#8221;</em> PM: <em>&#8220;&#7900;...&#8221;</em></p><p>C&#225;i &#8220;&#7900;&#8221; &#273;&#243; t&#7889;n 2 tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7845;y nh&#233;. </p><h3><strong>B&#7851;y 2: User &#8800; Buyer v&#224; Persona ch&#7881; v&#7869; User</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; b&#7851;y kinh &#273;i&#7875;n trong B2B m&#224; PM VN g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; nh&#7855;c t&#7899;i.</p><p>&#7902; B2B SaaS, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m h&#224;ng ng&#224;y (User) v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh mua (Buyer) th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; hai ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c nhau. User l&#224; anh developer mu&#7889;n tool ch&#7841;y nhanh. Buyer l&#224; ch&#7883; Procurement ho&#7863;c anh Director ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;m ng&#226;n s&#225;ch, ng&#432;&#7901;i k&#253; h&#7907;p &#273;&#7891;ng, ng&#432;&#7901;i quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n ROI v&#224; compliance ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng quan t&#226;m UI &#273;&#7865;p hay x&#7845;u.</p><p>Cooper&#8217;s Persona &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; cho <strong>Interaction Design</strong> t&#7913;c l&#224; cho User. N&#243; gi&#250;p designer bi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7863;t n&#250;t &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, flow n&#224;o m&#432;&#7907;t. Nh&#432;ng n&#243; ho&#224;n to&#224;n m&#249; l&#242;a tr&#432;&#7899;c <strong>Buying Committee</strong> c&#225;i nh&#243;m 3-5 ng&#432;&#7901;i g&#7891;m User, Influencer, Blocker, v&#224; Economic Buyer m&#224; b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i chinh ph&#7909;c &#273;&#7875; ch&#7889;t deal.</p><p>&#7902; VN, v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y n&#7863;ng g&#7845;p b&#7897;i v&#7899;i c&#225;i quy tr&#236;nh 6 b&#432;&#7899;c mua software &#7903; doanh nghi&#7879;p VN. B&#7841;n v&#7869; Persona cho &#8220;anh Minh, 35 tu&#7893;i, Team Lead IT, th&#237;ch TechCrunch.&#8221; Anh Minh th&#237;ch s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. Anh Minh demo cho team xong ai c&#361;ng khen. Nh&#432;ng ch&#7883; H&#224; Director ph&#242;ng Mua h&#224;ng y&#234;u c&#7847;u 3 b&#7843;ng b&#225;o gi&#225; t&#7915; 3 vendor. Anh Tu&#7845;n CFO g&#7841;t ph&#7855;t v&#236; n&#259;m nay kh&#244;ng c&#243; budget cho software m&#7899;i. V&#224; &#244;ng H&#249;ng CEO mu&#7889;n g&#7863;p m&#7863;t Sales tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p v&#236; anh ch&#432;a tin c&#225;i app n&#224;o m&#224; kh&#244;ng g&#7863;p ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p>C&#225;i Persona &#273;&#7865;p &#273;&#7869; c&#7911;a anh Minh kh&#244;ng gi&#250;p g&#236; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y. V&#236; anh Minh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7903; v&#237;.</p><h3><strong>B&#7851;y 3: Persona l&#224; &#7843;nh t&#297;nh trong th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897;ng</strong></h3><p>Persona v&#7869; xong l&#224; &#273;&#243;ng b&#259;ng ch&#7883; H&#7841;nh m&#227;i m&#227;i 28 tu&#7893;i, m&#227;i m&#227;i th&#237;ch indie, m&#227;i m&#227;i thu nh&#7853;p 18 tri&#7879;u. Nh&#432;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng VN thay &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; kinh ho&#224;ng.</p><p>N&#259;m 2024, Gen Z &#273;ang ch&#417;i TikTok Shop. N&#259;m 2025, TikTok Shop b&#7883; si&#7871;t nh&#432;ng 2026 Tiktok Shop b&#225; &#273;&#7841;o &#259;n g&#7847;n h&#7871;t th&#7883; ph&#7847;n &#7903; VN. N&#259;m 2027 c&#243; khi AI agent b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u mua h&#224;ng thay con ng&#432;&#7901;i. H&#224;nh vi ti&#234;u d&#249;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i theo qu&#253;, kh&#244;ng theo n&#259;m. C&#225;i Persona b&#7841;n v&#7869; th&#225;ng 1 &#273;&#7871;n th&#225;ng 6 &#273;&#227; l&#224; b&#7913;c ch&#226;n dung c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i.</p><p>V&#224; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; ch&#7895; m&#224; nhi&#7873;u team m&#7855;c sai l&#7847;m: h&#7885; v&#7869; Persona m&#7897;t l&#7847;n, d&#225;n l&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng, r&#7891;i coi &#273;&#243; l&#224; t&#224;i li&#7879;u reference cho c&#7843; n&#259;m. Kh&#244;ng update. Kh&#244;ng validate l&#7841;i. V&#236; &#273;&#227; research r&#7891;i m&#224;, &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i &#273;i. Persona tr&#7903; th&#224;nh t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#224;i &#273;&#7865;p, uy nghi&#234;m, v&#224; ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#244; d&#7909;ng.</p><p>M&#236;nh nh&#7899; c&#243; l&#7847;n nghe v&#7873; m&#7897;t startup edtech, team v&#7851;n &#273;ang d&#249;ng Persona v&#7869; t&#7915; n&#259;m tr&#432;&#7899;c khi Covid v&#7851;n c&#242;n l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7899;n &#273;&#7871;n h&#224;nh vi h&#7885;c online. N&#259;m sau &#273;&#243; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i quay l&#7841;i offline h&#7871;t r&#7891;i m&#224; c&#225;i Persona v&#7851;n ghi Pain point: kh&#244;ng c&#243; ch&#7895; h&#7885;c online ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng, kh&#7881; gi&#243; gi&#7901; AI c&#242;n k&#233;o c&#7843; vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c Online &#237;t &#273;i ch&#7913; &#273;&#7915;ng n&#243;i kh&#244;ng c&#243;. M&#236;nh h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;C&#225;i Persona n&#224;y l&#7847;n cu&#7889;i update khi n&#224;o?&#8221;</em> Im l&#7863;ng. <em>&#8220;V&#7853;y c&#225;c em &#273;ang build s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m cho kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a n&#259;m ngo&#225;i.&#8221;</em></p><div><hr></div><p>R&#7891;i, n&#227;y gi&#7901; &#273;&#7853;p nhi&#7873;u qu&#225;. Nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i n&#243;i r&#245;: m&#236;nh nh&#7855;c l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng b&#7887; Persona. &#221; t&#432;&#7903;ng g&#7889;c c&#7911;a Cooper thi&#7871;t k&#7871; cho con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7909; th&#7875; thay v&#236; ai c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224; &#273;&#250;ng. C&#225;i sai l&#224; <strong>c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng ta th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n n&#243;</strong> &#7903; VN: copy template, fill th&#244;ng tin b&#7883;a, r&#7891;i g&#7885;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#8220;User Research.&#8221;</p><p>Gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; Agile tri&#7871;t l&#253; &#273;&#250;ng, th&#7921;c thi sai, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; th&#224;nh k&#7883;ch.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Patch: Demand-Side Persona V&#7869; b&#7857;ng ti&#7873;n, kh&#244;ng v&#7869; b&#7857;ng s&#7903; th&#237;ch</strong></h2><p>M&#236;nh &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n kh&#225;c m&#224; m&#236;nh g&#7885;i l&#224; <strong>Demand-Side Persona&#8221;</strong> persona x&#226;y d&#7921;ng t&#7915; ph&#237;a c&#7847;u (demand), t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o 3 tr&#7909; c&#7897;t: <strong>Money</strong> (Ti&#7873;n), <strong>Job</strong> (C&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7847;n l&#224;m), v&#224; <strong>Trigger</strong> (&#272;i&#7875;m k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t mua h&#224;ng). Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n c&#243; &#7843;nh stock. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7903; th&#237;ch. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; quote fake t&#7921; b&#7883;a. </p><blockquote><p><strong>Theo m&#236;nh 3 c&#225;ch quan tr&#7885;ng s&#7869; l&#224;. </strong></p></blockquote><p></p><div class="pullquote"><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span>H&#227;y b&#7845;m theo d&#245;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; <br>v&#7873; n&#7897;i dung c&#242;n l&#7841;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237; nh&#233;.</span></mark></strong><mark data-color="rgb(255, 255, 0)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span> </span></mark></p><p><strong>Want to see the rest of this awesome Post ?</strong> <br>Just hit that subscribe button for free to unlock the full post right now! </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p></div><p>T.D<br>T7.2026</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Founder's Lens #2 [Founder Alpha Asimov / Ex Ceo Grab VN / VinID]: Sự trỗi dậy của App dùng 1 lần và Quyền lực của Solo Founder.]]></title><description><![CDATA[L&#7907;i th&#7871; &#273;&#244;ng qu&#226;n c&#243; v&#7867; &#273;&#227; qua. Tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n c&#249;ng anh Tu&#7845;n Anh c&#7921;u G&#272; Grab Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#7875; b&#243;c t&#225;ch b&#224;i to&#225;n n&#259;ng su&#7845;t, trend app d&#249;ng 1 l&#7847;n v&#224; t&#7841;i sao ph&#7843;i h&#7885;c c&#225;ch &#273;&#7867; r&#7877; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi n&#7843;y m&#7847;m.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-2-su-troi-day-ai</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-2-su-troi-day-ai</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 02:51:07 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3e501bfe-07c8-49d9-9d11-56af44587d85_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:558382,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/200558948?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e501bfe-07c8-49d9-9d11-56af44587d85_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TgtV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cfc8c65-6af4-40cd-85b5-abdfffc21431_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><blockquote><p><em><strong>K&#7927; nguy&#234;n nh&#7891;i nh&#233;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng &#273;&#7875; &#233;p user &#7903; l&#7841;i &#273;&#227; ch&#7871;t. S&#7855;p t&#7899;i l&#224; th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i c&#7911;a app d&#249;ng 1 l&#7847;n ? Thay v&#236; c&#432;&#7905;ng l&#7841;i n&#243;, h&#227;y h&#7885;c c&#225;ch s&#7889;ng chung.</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>Tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c, m&#236;nh l&#7841;i c&#243; d&#7883;p setup v&#7899;i anh Tu&#7845;n Anh c&#7921;u Gi&#225;m &#273;&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh Grab Vi&#7879;t Nam, <a href="https://cafef.vn/cuu-ceo-grab-viet-nam-khoi-nghiep-che-tao-robot-giao-hang-tu-lai-dau-tien-made-in-vietnam-188230826075455803.chn">hi&#7879;n &#273;ang l&#224; Founder c&#7911;a Alpha Asimov</a>. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m product l&#226;u n&#259;m th&#432;&#7901;ng hi&#7871;m khi xoay quanh nh&#7919;ng framework &#273;ao to b&#250;a l&#7899;n. &#272;&#7875; chia s&#7869; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897;i Product Leader trong cty. </p><p>Trong su&#7889;t bu&#7893;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n, c&#243; m&#7897;t &#253; m&#224; anh Tu&#7845;n Anh nh&#7855;c &#273;i nh&#7855;c l&#7841;i khi&#7871;n m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i suy ngh&#297; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u: <strong>&#8220;Ph&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c th&#7913; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n, l&#224;m c&#225;ch n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#432;ng d&#7913;t kho&#225;t ph&#7843;i r&#7867; h&#417;n.&#8221;</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png" width="476" height="228.55555555555554" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:484,&quot;width&quot;:1008,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:476,&quot;bytes&quot;:834844,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/200558948?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vpmt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e4afd98-20a4-4888-aa6f-ae7b000b7c2f_1008x484.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">@ <strong>B&#236;nh Minh - Huy&#7873;n Trang - Ho&#224;ng Ly</strong>  <a href="https://cafef.vn/kinh-te-so.chn">Kinh t&#7871; s&#7889;</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Nghe th&#236; c&#243; v&#7867; hi&#7875;n nhi&#234;n v&#224; c&#226;u truy&#7879;n n&#224;y c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng kh&#225;c vi&#7879;c nhanh c&#7911;a Quang v&#7899;i <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-1-lam-nhanh-cat">The Founder&#8217;s Lens #1</a> ch&#7881; l&#224; 2 g&#243;c nh&#236;n, &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng? Kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m r&#7867; h&#417;n &#273;ang b&#7883; hi&#7875;u l&#7847;m tai h&#7841;i l&#224; l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m nh&#244;m nh&#7921;a h&#417;n kh&#244;ng h&#7859;n &#273;&#250;ng r&#7867; h&#417;n &#273;c hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7911; g&#7885;n &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; c&#243; gi&#225; r&#7867;. &#272;a s&#7889; startup Vi&#7879;t Nam v&#7851;n mang c&#225;i mindset r&#7867; h&#417;n s&#7869; tuy&#7875;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#7867; h&#417;n ho&#7863;c d&#249;ng ai nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n thay con ng&#432;&#7901;i. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t th&#7913; hai trong series <strong>The Founder&#8217;s Lens</strong> n&#224;y, m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n b&#243;c t&#225;ch l&#259;ng k&#237;nh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#7921;u l&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o Big Tech v&#7873; quy&#7873;n l&#7921;c c&#7911;a Productivity, c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n app d&#249;ng 1 l&#7847;n, v&#224; b&#224;i to&#225;n t&#236;m ki&#7871;m t&#7879;p user cu&#7891;ng.</p><p>T&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; <a href="https://www.alphaasimov.com/?lang=en">Alpha Asimov</a> </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.alphaasimov.com/?lang=en" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWd8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F163b96f9-f009-4c71-ad9d-058de6b22c83_1361x666.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWd8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F163b96f9-f009-4c71-ad9d-058de6b22c83_1361x666.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWd8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F163b96f9-f009-4c71-ad9d-058de6b22c83_1361x666.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWd8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F163b96f9-f009-4c71-ad9d-058de6b22c83_1361x666.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kWd8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F163b96f9-f009-4c71-ad9d-058de6b22c83_1361x666.png" width="1361" height="666" 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pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://www.alphaasimov.com/partner?lang=en" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ltmz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7a6147-3a66-431f-ac30-5464a172046b_1804x312.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ltmz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7a6147-3a66-431f-ac30-5464a172046b_1804x312.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ltmz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7a6147-3a66-431f-ac30-5464a172046b_1804x312.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ltmz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7a6147-3a66-431f-ac30-5464a172046b_1804x312.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ltmz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7a6147-3a66-431f-ac30-5464a172046b_1804x312.png" width="1456" height="252" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ltmz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7a6147-3a66-431f-ac30-5464a172046b_1804x312.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ltmz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7a6147-3a66-431f-ac30-5464a172046b_1804x312.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ltmz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7a6147-3a66-431f-ac30-5464a172046b_1804x312.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ltmz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7a6147-3a66-431f-ac30-5464a172046b_1804x312.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>L&#7901;i nguy&#7873;n &#272;&#244;ng Qu&#226;n v&#224; V&#361; kh&#237; c&#7911;a Solo Founder</strong></h2><p>H&#227;y nh&#236;n th&#7859;ng v&#224;o s&#7921; th&#7853;t: T&#7915; g&#243;c nh&#236;n anh TA. &#272;&#244;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#7901; kh&#244;ng h&#7859;n l&#224; l&#7907;i th&#7871;.</p><p>Trong k&#7927; nguy&#234;n AI v&#224; c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; AI Coding / Design &#8230; l&#234;n ng&#244;i, c&#243; qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u c&#417; h&#7897;i cho c&#225;c d&#7841;ng 1 ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m (Solo Founder). Kh&#7843; n&#259;ng leverage c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; &#273;&#227; x&#243;a nh&#242;a kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch v&#7873; nh&#226;n l&#7921;c.</p><p>H&#227;y nh&#236;n Midjourney. N&#259;m 2023, h&#7885; t&#7841;o ra <strong>200 tri&#7879;u USD doanh thu</strong> ch&#7881; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; v&#7887;n v&#7865;n kho&#7843;ng 40 ng&#432;&#7901;i. Hay Pieter Levels g&#227; Solo Founder kh&#233;t ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7857;ng sau h&#224;ng lo&#7841;t micro-SaaS (nh&#432; PhotoAI, InteriorAI) &#273;ang b&#7887; t&#250;i h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u &#273;&#244; m&#7895;i n&#259;m m&#224; ch&#7859;ng c&#7847;n tuy&#7875;n th&#234;m ai. User cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng kh&#244;ng h&#7873; quan t&#226;m app c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c code b&#7903;i m&#7897;t t&#7853;p &#273;o&#224;n ng&#224;n t&#7927; hay b&#7903;i m&#7897;t g&#227; th&#7907; code &#273;ang c&#224;y cu&#7889;c s&#7845;p m&#7863;t &#7903; qu&#225;n c&#224; ph&#234;. C&#225;i h&#7885; quan t&#226;m l&#224;: <em>N&#243; c&#243; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;i t&#244;i c&#7847;n ngay l&#250;c n&#224;y kh&#244;ng?</em></p><p>Khi b&#7841;n c&#243; m&#7897;t team qu&#225; &#273;&#244;ng, m&#7885;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7873;u tr&#7903; n&#234;n &#273;&#7855;t &#273;&#7887;. B&#7841;n ph&#7843;i h&#7885;p h&#224;nh, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i align, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i v&#7869; spec, r&#7891;i QA test t&#7899;i test lui. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, m&#7897;t Solo Founder v&#7899;i Productivity t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, g&#227;y, v&#224; &#273;&#7853;p &#273;i l&#224;m l&#7841;i 5 l&#7847;n v&#7899;i chi ph&#237; g&#7847;n nh&#432; b&#7857;ng kh&#244;ng.</p><p>Ch&#236;a kh&#243;a &#7903; &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#250;ng v&#236; ch&#7843; ai &#273;o&#225;n &#273;&#250;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng 100%, m&#224; l&#224; l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh <strong>hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n v&#224; r&#7867; h&#417;n</strong>. Th&#7917; sai l&#224; t&#7845;t y&#7871;u, nh&#432;ng c&#225;i gi&#225; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c th&#7917; sai s&#7869; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7841;n s&#7889;ng hay ch&#7871;t tr&#432;&#7899;c khi t&#236;m th&#7845;y Product-Market Fit.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>C&#226;u chuy&#234;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#7899;n v&#224; T&#7879;p User Cu&#7891;ng</strong></h2><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i b&#7851;y nguy hi&#7875;m nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a PM v&#224; Founder l&#224; &#273;&#226;m &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t <strong>nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n l&#7899;n c&#7911;a to&#224;n nh&#226;n lo&#7841;i</strong>, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i th&#7845;t b&#7841;i trong vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t nh&#243;m ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng cu&#7891;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m (<strong><a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/vi/dictionary/english/fanatical">fanatical users</a></strong>).</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, h&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o b&#224;i to&#225;n ch&#7889;ng l&#7915;a &#273;&#7843;o tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n (Anti-scam). Scam r&#245; r&#224;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n n&#7841;n nh&#7913;c nh&#7889;i, l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. Ch&#7859;ng ai mu&#7889;n b&#7883; l&#7915;a c&#7843;. V&#7853;y th&#236; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng qu&#225; l&#7899;n, &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng? Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#7881; l&#224;m m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; c&#7843;nh b&#225;o chung chung, user t&#7843;i v&#7873; r&#7891;i... &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#243;.</p><p>M&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#7899;n c&#7911;a s&#7889; &#273;&#244;ng ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o ra user cu&#7891;ng.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; s&#7889;ng s&#243;t, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m ch&#7841;m c&#7921;c k&#7923; b&#233;n v&#224;o m&#7897;t nh&#243;m nh&#7887;. L&#7845;y <strong>Superhuman</strong> l&#224;m m&#7897;t minh ch&#7913;ng kinh &#273;i&#7875;n tr&#234;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. Email l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i, v&#224; Gmail gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t n&#243; ho&#224;n to&#224;n mi&#7877;n ph&#237;. Nh&#432;ng Superhuman ch&#7885;n &#273;&#225;nh v&#224;o m&#7897;t ng&#225;ch c&#7921;c nh&#7887;: Nh&#7919;ng v&#7883; s&#7871;p, nh&#7919;ng Founder b&#7853;n r&#7897;n th&#232;m kh&#225;t t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897;. H&#7885; thu ph&#237; t&#7853;n 30 USD/th&#225;ng cho m&#7897;t c&#225;i app &#273;&#7885;c mail. K&#7871;t qu&#7843;? Nh&#243;m nh&#7887; n&#224;y ph&#225;t cu&#7891;ng v&#236; n&#243; ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m cho h&#7885; h&#224;ng gi&#7901; &#273;&#7891;ng h&#7891; m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n.</p><p>&#272;&#225;nh tr&#250;ng m&#7897;t ng&#225;ch nh&#7887; v&#224; l&#224;m h&#7885; ph&#225;t cu&#7891;ng nh&#432; Superhuman &#273;&#227; l&#224;m c&#242;n h&#417;n l&#224; c&#7889; l&#224;m h&#224;i l&#242;ng t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p l&#224;ng nh&#224;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;. </p><p><em>Nguy&#234;n l&#253; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng h&#7873; m&#7899;i, nh&#432;ng khi &#273;&#7913;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n v&#297; m&#244; mang t&#237;nh x&#227; h&#7897;i, ch&#250;ng ta r&#7845;t d&#7877; ng&#225;o v&#224; qu&#234;n m&#7845;t n&#243; v&#224; g&#236; c&#361;ng mu&#7889;n. App T&#7889;t nh&#7845;t, App &#273;&#7865;p nh&#7845;t, App x&#7883;n nh&#7845;t &#8230; </em></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t C&#7855;m r&#7877; v&#224; S&#7921; Trung Th&#7921;c T&#224;n Nh&#7851;n</strong></h2><p>L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh c&#243; &#273;ang &#273;i &#273;&#250;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng hay kh&#244;ng? C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n l&#224;: <strong>Honest Reflection</strong>.</p><p>R&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u Founder v&#224; PM lu&#244;n t&#7921; h&#224;o r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh c&#243; mindset m&#7903;, &#8220;willing to learn&#8221;, &#8220;willing to adapt&#8221;. Nh&#432;ng c&#225;i quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n v&#7841;n l&#7847;n s&#7921; hi&#7871;u h&#7885;c b&#7873; n&#7893;i, l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n th&#7859;ng th&#7855;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n &#273;ang m&#7909;c n&#225;t &#7903; &#273;&#226;u.</p><p>B&#7841;n ph&#7843;i <strong>trung th&#7921;c &#273;&#7871;n t&#224;n nh&#7851;n</strong> v&#7899;i hai c&#226;u h&#7887;i:</p><ol><li><p>User c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; c&#225;i nhu c&#7847;u m&#224; m&#236;nh <em>&#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng</em> l&#224; h&#7885; c&#243; hay kh&#244;ng?</p></li><li><p>S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;ang ti&#7871;n b&#7897; l&#234;n hay kh&#244;ng?</p></li></ol><p>&#7902; v&#7871; th&#7913; hai, anh Tu&#7845;n Anh c&#243; m&#7897;t h&#236;nh &#7843;nh so s&#225;nh c&#7921;c k&#7923; th&#7845;m: So s&#225;nh v&#7899;i qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#432;&#417;m m&#7847;m 1 h&#7841;t c&#226;y m&#7899;i. &#272;&#7841;i &#253; :</p><p><strong>"S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#432;a t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng r&#7847;m r&#7897; (ch&#432;a n&#7843;y m&#7847;m cao r&#245; r&#224;ng), nh&#432;ng b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i quan s&#225;t xem n&#243; c&#243; &#273;ang th&#7921;c s&#7921; t&#7841;o ra gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng hay kh&#244;ng (&#273;ang m&#7885;c r&#7877;)."</strong></p><p>Khi build m&#7897;t product m&#7899;i, nh&#7919;ng th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n metrics c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7865;t &#273;&#7865;t, MAU/DAU nh&#236;n ph&#225;t ch&#225;n. &#272;&#243; l&#224; b&#7873; m&#7863;t ch&#432;a n&#7843;y m&#7847;m. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n deep dive v&#224;o data, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng t&#237;n hi&#7879;u ng&#7847;m weak signals ch&#7913;ng t&#7887; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;ang m&#7885;c r&#7877;. C&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t nh&#243;m nh&#7887; user quay l&#7841;i li&#234;n t&#7909;c High Retention &#7903; m&#7897;t cohort c&#7909; th&#7875;, ho&#7863;c th&#7901;i gian h&#7885; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng c&#7889;t l&#245;i &#273;ang t&#259;ng l&#234;n.</p><p>N&#7871;u r&#7877; kh&#244;ng m&#7885;c m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7913; &#273;&#7893; th&#234;m ti&#7873;n marketing &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7855;p &#273;&#7845;t che &#273;&#7853;y, c&#225;i c&#226;y &#273;&#243; s&#7899;m mu&#7897;n c&#361;ng ch&#7871;t kh&#244;.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#9889; C&#7849;m nang sinh t&#7891;n: &#272;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i App d&#249;ng 1 l&#7847;n.</strong></h2><p>T&#7915; nh&#7919;ng quan s&#225;t tr&#234;n, g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a anh Tu&#7845;n Anh ch&#7889;t l&#7841;i m&#7897;t insight kh&#225; ng&#432;&#7907;c ng&#7841;o nh&#432;ng mang t&#237;nh th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i: <strong>S&#7855;p t&#7899;i l&#224; th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i c&#7911;a app d&#249;ng 1 l&#7847;n.</strong></p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ng&#224;y c&#224;ng l&#432;&#7901;i, dung l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; attention span ng&#224;y c&#224;ng ng&#7855;n. Kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cao l&#224; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; c&#432;&#7905;ng l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c lu&#7891;ng s&#243;ng n&#224;y. V&#7853;y theo g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh thay v&#236; nh&#7891;i nh&#233;t c&#7843; ch&#7909;c t&#237;nh n&#259;ng gamification r&#432;&#7901;m r&#224; h&#242;ng &#233;p user ph&#7843;i m&#7903; app b&#7841;n m&#7895;i ng&#224;y trong v&#244; v&#7885;ng, h&#227;y thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#259;ng k&#237;nh:</p><h3><strong>1. Nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n &amp; Ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n n&#243;</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#7915;ng &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng m&#236;nh s&#7869; l&#224; Super App ti&#7871;p theo c&#7911;a &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193;. N&#7871;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; ti&#7879;n &#237;ch utility, h&#227;y ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n vi&#7879;c user x&#224;i xong r&#7891;i x&#243;a, ho&#7863;c c&#7845;t v&#224;o m&#7897;t x&#243;. &#272;&#7915;ng t&#7889;n ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c b&#224;o m&#242;n team Dev &#273;&#7875; build nh&#7919;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng gi&#7919; ch&#226;n v&#244; ngh&#297;a. Th&#7853;m ch&#237;, gi&#7899;i VC to&#224;n c&#7847;u hi&#7879;n nay c&#361;ng &#273;ang b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u r&#7869; h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; cao c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; Micro-SaaS ho&#7863;c AI l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng 1 vi&#7879;c nh&#432;ng xu&#7845;t s&#7855;c, thay v&#236; c&#225;c b&#225;nh v&#7869; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng platform c&#7891;ng k&#7873;nh.</p><h3><strong>2. T&#236;m c&#225;ch s&#7889;ng chung v&#7899;i l&#361;</strong></h3><p>N&#7871;u bi&#7871;t ch&#7855;c user ch&#7881; d&#249;ng app 1 l&#7847;n (v&#237; d&#7909;: app s&#7917;a &#7843;nh AI, app x&#243;a background), b&#224;i to&#225;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; t&#259;ng DAU. Theo m&#7897;t g&#243;c nh&#236;n &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p t&#7915; c&#225;c nh&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#224;nh vi ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#225;p d&#7909;ng framework Jobs-To-Be-Done, khi user ch&#7881; c&#243; nhu c&#7847;u xong vi&#7879;c r&#7891;i &#273;i, b&#224;i to&#225;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngay trong l&#7847;n d&#249;ng duy nh&#7845;t &#273;&#243; ch&#7889;t sale, g&#7855;n qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, viral loop b&#7855;t h&#7885; share th&#224;nh qu&#7843; ra m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i. B&#7841;n t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a cho c&#250; hit &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, l&#224;m n&#243; m&#432;&#7907;t m&#224; v&#224; x&#7883;n &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c h&#7885; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c, ho&#7863;c &#237;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; lan truy&#7873;n n&#243;.</p><h3><strong>3. T&#7889;i &#432;u chi ph&#237; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh</strong></h3><p>Quay l&#7841;i c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n: <strong>&#8220;L&#224;m c&#225;ch n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, nh&#432;ng ph&#7843;i r&#7867; h&#417;n&#8221;</strong>. N&#7871;u v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a app ng&#7855;n, chi ph&#237; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7921;c k&#7923; r&#7867; v&#224; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7921;c k&#7923; nhanh. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; mang quy tr&#236;nh waterfall 6 th&#225;ng c&#7911;a t&#7853;p &#273;o&#224;n v&#224;o build m&#7897;t c&#225;i <strong>app d&#249;ng 1 l&#7847;n</strong> &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. G&#227;y l&#224; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>L&#259;ng k&#237;nh cho K&#7927; nguy&#234;n m&#7899;i</strong></h2><p>Nh&#236;n l&#7841;i to&#224;n b&#7897; cu&#7897;c tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i anh Tu&#7845;n Anh, ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; x&#226;u chu&#7895;i l&#7841;i m&#7897;t h&#7879; t&#432; t&#432;&#7903;ng (mental model) c&#7921;c k&#7923; s&#7855;c b&#233;n d&#224;nh cho nh&#7919;ng ai &#273;ang l&#224;m Product theo g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh nh&#432; sau:</p><p>S&#7921; tr&#7895;i d&#7853;y c&#7911;a <strong>&#8220;App d&#249;ng 1 l&#7847;n&#8221;</strong> kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#224;o l&#432;u ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n &#273;&#7875; ch&#250;ng ta b&#297;u m&#244;i ch&#234; bai. N&#243; l&#224; b&#7843;n &#225;n t&#7917; h&#236;nh cho nh&#7919;ng c&#7895; m&#225;y c&#7891;ng k&#7873;nh l&#7845;y s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#226;n s&#7921; ra l&#224;m l&#7907;i th&#7871; c&#7841;nh tranh. Khi user ch&#7881; c&#7847;n &#8220;&#273;&#250;ng m&#7897;t th&#7913;&#8221; v&#224; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng v&#7913;t b&#7887; app c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ngay sau khi xong vi&#7879;c, v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#7883; thu h&#7865;p l&#7841;i t&#7899;i m&#7913;c c&#7921;c &#273;oan.</p><p>&#272;&#7913;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c s&#7921; t&#224;n nh&#7851;n &#273;&#243;, b&#7841;n ch&#7881; c&#243; 3 v&#361; kh&#237; &#273;&#7875; b&#7845;u v&#237;u:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Quy&#7873;n l&#7921;c c&#7911;a Productivity:</strong> &#272;&#7915;ng t&#7921; h&#224;o v&#236; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m m&#7885;i th&#7913;. H&#227;y t&#7921; h&#224;o v&#236; b&#7841;n c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh th&#7917; sai <strong>hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n v&#224; r&#7867; h&#417;n</strong> b&#7845;t k&#7923; ai. Trong cu&#7897;c &#273;ua n&#224;y, m&#7897;t Solo Founder &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trang b&#7883; t&#7853;n r&#259;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; AI ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7845;y m&#7841;ng m&#7897;t startup 50 ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang b&#7883; m&#7855;c k&#7865;t trong m&#7899; b&#249;ng nh&#249;ng c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng cu&#7897;c h&#7885;p.</p></li><li><p><strong>S&#7921; t&#7881;nh t&#225;o tr&#432;&#7899;c V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#7899;n:</strong> H&#227;y ng&#7915;ng &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7873; vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;i c&#7913;u th&#7871; gi&#7899;i b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng (platform) ph&#7909;c v&#7909; t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#227;y &#225;m &#7843;nh v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ra m&#7897;t nh&#243;m nh&#7887; &#8212; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7869; <strong>ph&#225;t cu&#7891;ng</strong> v&#236; c&#225;i &#273;inh &#7889;c nh&#7887; x&#237;u m&#224; b&#7841;n v&#7915;a ch&#7871; t&#7841;o ra.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t T&#7921; Soi G&#432;&#417;ng (Honest Reflection):</strong> <em>&#8220;Willing to learn&#8221;</em> S&#7861;n s&#224;ng h&#7885;c h&#7887;i l&#224; c&#226;u c&#7917;a mi&#7879;ng s&#225;o r&#7895;ng nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#225;c Founder. C&#225;i kh&#243; nh&#7845;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; h&#7885;c c&#225;i m&#7899;i, m&#224; l&#224; <strong>&#273;&#7911; trung th&#7921;c</strong> &#273;&#7875; th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n nhu c&#7847;u m&#236;nh &#273;ang gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t ch&#7881; l&#224; &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng, v&#224; &#273;&#7911; d&#361;ng kh&#237; &#273;&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7859;ng xu&#7889;ng b&#249;n s&#226;u xem: <em>S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;ang &#273;&#226;m r&#7877;, hay ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#224;nh c&#226;y c&#7855;m h&#7901; tr&#234;n m&#7863;t &#273;&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; b&#225;o c&#225;o s&#7871;p?</em></p></li></ol><p>Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; n&#243;i d&#7889;i. K&#7927; nguy&#234;n m&#7899;i &#273;&#227; g&#245; c&#7917;a v&#224; n&#243; kh&#244;ng d&#224;nh cho nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; l&#7845;y &#273;&#244;ng qu&#226;n ra d&#7885;a n&#7841;t. N&#243; l&#224; s&#226;n ch&#417;i c&#7911;a n&#259;ng su&#7845;t, c&#7911;a kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7855;m r&#7877; th&#7853;t s&#226;u v&#224;o m&#7897;t ng&#225;ch nh&#7887; x&#237;u, d&#249; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i nh&#236;n v&#224;o t&#432;&#7903;ng ch&#7915;ng nh&#432; ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;i &#8220;app d&#249;ng 1 l&#7847;n&#8221;.</p><p>B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng soi g&#432;&#417;ng ch&#432;a?</p><p>T.D, </p><p>T7.2026</p><p><span>P/s : Seri B&#224;i vi&#7871;t c&#7911;a</span><a href="https://blog.datht.com/t/the-founders-lens"> the-founders-lens</a><span> l&#224; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t d&#7841;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n t&#7915; c&#225;c chia s&#7869; c&#225; nh&#226;n trong ph&#7841;m vi bu&#7893;i chia s&#7869; cho n&#7897;i b&#7897; team m&#236;nh v&#224; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c nh&#7853;n chia s&#7869; l&#234;n Blog. C&#225;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n view c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#234;u t&#234;n chia s&#7869; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n th&#236; c&#7847;n/n&#234;n c&#243; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh c&#225;c g&#243;c nh&#236;n sai l&#7879;ch. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho m&#7909;c ti&#234;u t&#7841;o ra g&#243;c nh&#236;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; cho c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng Product Vi&#7879;t Nam.</span></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Hiệu ứng Dunning-Kruger trong Product Team. Khi sự cẩn trọng bị trừng phạt ]]></title><description><![CDATA[T&#7893; ch&#7913;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#243; &#273;ang v&#244; t&#236;nh th&#432;&#7903;ng cho s&#7921; t&#7921; tin r&#7895;ng to&#233; kh&#244;ng? T&#7841;i sao m&#7897;t b&#7841;n b&#7841;n ch&#233;m gi&#243; to trong cu&#7897;c h&#7885;p l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c promote nhanh h&#417;n m&#7897;t Senior c&#7849;n tr&#7885;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch r&#7911;i ro?]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/hieu-ung-dunning-kruger-trong-product</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/hieu-ung-dunning-kruger-trong-product</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2026 06:31:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkII!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff9bf6d8-69d5-4f7e-a5a0-2789336bd7cc_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n b&#233; A &#273;&#7907;t n&#224;y n&#259;ng n&#7893;, present trong h&#7885;p management team r&#7845;t t&#7921; tin, ch&#7889;t roadmap &#273;&#226;u ra &#273;&#7845;y. Anh &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7907;t review n&#224;y cho b&#7841;n &#7845;y l&#234;n Senior. C&#242;n c&#7853;u B (Senior hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i), anh th&#7845;y d&#7841;o n&#224;y l&#224;m vi&#7879;c h&#417;i ch&#7853;m, l&#250;c n&#224;o giao d&#7921; &#225;n c&#361;ng v&#7841;ch ra m&#7897;t &#273;&#7889;ng r&#7911;i ro r&#7891;i &#273;&#242;i test th&#234;m, ko &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#244;ng x&#225;o cho l&#7855;m.</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkII!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff9bf6d8-69d5-4f7e-a5a0-2789336bd7cc_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkII!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff9bf6d8-69d5-4f7e-a5a0-2789336bd7cc_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkII!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff9bf6d8-69d5-4f7e-a5a0-2789336bd7cc_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkII!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff9bf6d8-69d5-4f7e-a5a0-2789336bd7cc_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkII!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff9bf6d8-69d5-4f7e-a5a0-2789336bd7cc_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TkII!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff9bf6d8-69d5-4f7e-a5a0-2789336bd7cc_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng nghe nh&#7853;n x&#233;t nh&#432; v&#7853;y trong k&#7923; Performance Review Ch&#432;a? Hay b&#7841;n t&#7921; ngh&#297; nh&#432; th&#7871; bao gi&#7901; ch&#432;a ?<br>N&#7871;u c&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#227; d&#237;nh m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#7851;y t&#226;m l&#253; kinh &#273;i&#7875;n m&#224; h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c team Product/Tech &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;ang m&#7855;c ph&#7843;i: <strong>Dunning-Kruger Effect.</strong></p><p>Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng Dunning-Kruger l&#224; khi m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;t r&#7845;t &#237;t v&#7873; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i c&#7921;c k&#7923; t&#7921; tin v&#224;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; kinh nghi&#7879;m s&#226;u s&#7855;c l&#7841;i th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#7845;p b&#7843;n th&#226;n v&#224; c&#7921;c k&#7923; th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng v&#236; h&#7885; bi&#7871;t r&#245; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m m&#249; c&#7911;a h&#7879; th&#7889;ng.</p><p>V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ko n&#7857;m &#7903; t&#226;m l&#253; c&#225; nh&#226;n, v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c <strong>h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang v&#244; t&#236;nh t&#432;&#7903;ng th&#432;&#7903;ng cho s&#7921; t&#7921; tin r&#7895;ng, v&#224; tr&#7915;ng ph&#7841;t s&#7921; c&#7849;n tr&#7885;ng.</strong></p><h2><strong>B&#7913;c tranh th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#432; n&#224;y: Trong cu&#7897;c h&#7885;p Review Roadmap.</strong></h2><p>H&#227;y l&#7845;y m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7921;c k&#7923; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n. C&#244;ng ty &#273;&#7883;nh launch m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng thanh to&#225;n m&#7899;i t&#237;ch h&#7907;p v&#7899;i b&#234;n th&#7913; ba.</p><ul><li><p><strong>B&#7841;n Junior PM Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang &#7903; &#273;&#7881;nh s&#7921; t&#7921; tin:</strong> B&#7853;t slide l&#234;n, d&#245;ng d&#7841;c tuy&#234;n b&#7889; <em>&#8220;T&#237;nh n&#259;ng n&#224;y l&#224;m c&#7921;c d&#7877;, Dev b&#7843;o 2 tu&#7847;n l&#224; xong. Em cam k&#7871;t ra m&#7855;t v&#224;o ng&#224;y 15, &#273;em v&#7873; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng 20% conversion rate.&#8221;</em> D&#249; th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#7911;a <em>Y Combinator</em> cho th&#7845;y ch&#432;a t&#7899;i 5% c&#225;c A/B test th&#7921;c s&#7921; mang l&#7841;i t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng tr&#234;n 10%. Ban Gi&#225;m &#273;&#7889;c v&#7895; tay r&#224;o r&#224;o. <em>&#8220;&#272;&#7845;y, tu&#7893;i tr&#7867; ph&#7843;i th&#7871;, can &#273;&#7843;m, d&#225;m ngh&#297; d&#225;m l&#224;m!&#8221; Kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; </em><strong>Junior PM </strong>m&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7843; 1 <strong>Senior PM </strong>m&#7899;i t&#7915; t&#7893; ch&#7913;c kh&#225;c v&#224;o khi ch&#432;a hi&#7875;u h&#7871;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; n&#243;i &#253; chang v&#7853;y. </p></li><li><p><strong>B&#7841;n Senior PM. Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang &#7903; &#8220;Thung l&#361;ng c&#7911;a s&#7921; tuy&#7879;t v&#7885;ng&#8221; :</strong> Cau m&#224;y suy ngh&#297; r&#7891;i ph&#225;t bi&#7875;u: <em>&#8220;Ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#226;u anh. T&#237;ch h&#7907;p b&#234;n th&#7913; ba th&#432;&#7901;ng hay b&#7883; miss webhook khi r&#7899;t m&#7841;ng, r&#7891;i c&#7843; t&#7881; th&#7913; ko ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n. M&#236;nh ph&#7843;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871; th&#234;m c&#417; ch&#7871; xyz, r&#7891;i ph&#7843;i test rollback ti&#7873;n n&#7871;u fail gi&#7919;a ch&#7915;ng. Nhanh nh&#7845;t c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i 4 tu&#7847;n m&#7899;i an to&#224;n.&#8221;</em> Ban Gi&#225;m &#273;&#7889;c th&#7903; d&#224;i: <em>&#8220;Sao em l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng l&#224;m ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#234;n th&#7871;? M&#236;nh ph&#7843;i Agile l&#234;n ch&#7913;!&#8221;</em></p></li></ul><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;? &#272;&#7871;n ng&#224;y 15, t&#237;nh n&#259;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n Junior ra m&#7855;t. N&#243; crash tanh b&#224;nh. Ti&#7873;n user b&#7883; tr&#7915; nh&#432;ng &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng ghi nh&#7853;n. Nh&#432;ng tr&#7899; tr&#234;u thay, ai l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7843;i th&#7913;c &#273;&#234;m fix bug v&#224; d&#7885;n d&#7865;p &#273;&#7889;ng r&#225;c &#273;&#243;? Ch&#237;nh l&#224; b&#7841;n Senior. V&#224; &#273;&#7871;n cu&#7889;i n&#259;m, ai l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khen v&#236; &#8220;&#273;&#227; c&#243; tinh th&#7847;n x&#244;ng pha d&#7845;n th&#226;n&#8221;? B&#7841;n Junior.</p><h2><strong>H&#7879; qu&#7843; t&#224;n ph&#225; P&amp;L &#226;m th&#7847;m.</strong></h2><p>Khi m&#7897;t t&#7893; ch&#7913;c li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#432;u &#225;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#8220;n&#243;i to, cam k&#7871;t b&#7915;a&#8221; v&#224; g&#7841;t &#273;i nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i c&#7843;nh b&#225;o c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n s&#226;u, h&#7879; qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; c&#7843;m x&#250;c b&#7845;t m&#227;n. N&#243; &#273;&#225;nh th&#7859;ng v&#224;o P&amp;L.</p><ol><li><p><strong>Tech Debt ph&#236;nh to:</strong> Nh&#7919;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c push nhanh g&#7885;n l&#7865; th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; nh&#7919;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng x&#226;y tr&#234;n m&#7897;t c&#225;i m&#243;ng r&#7895;ng. C&#244;ng ty t&#7889;n 2 tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; launch, nh&#432;ng m&#7845;t 6 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; fix bug v&#224; maintain. Chi ph&#237; b&#7843;o tr&#236; &#273;&#7897;i l&#234;n g&#7845;p b&#7897;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ch&#7843;y m&#225;u ch&#7845;t x&#225;m:</strong> Nh&#7919;ng nh&#226;n s&#7921; Senior nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; hi&#7875;u h&#7879; th&#7889;ng v&#224; b&#7843;o v&#7879; n&#243; kh&#7887;i s&#7909;p &#273;&#7893; s&#7869; n&#7843;n ch&#237; v&#224; r&#7901;i &#273;i. B&#7841;n s&#7869; ch&#7881; c&#242;n l&#7841;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; to&#224;n nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#8220;ch&#233;m gi&#243;&#8221; r&#7845;t hay nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7909;ng tay v&#224;o l&#224; g&#227;y.</p></li><li><p><strong>M&#7845;t ni&#7873;m tin t&#7915; Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng:</strong> User kh&#244;ng quan t&#226;m b&#7841;n Agile th&#7871; n&#224;o hay team b&#7841;n x&#244;ng x&#225;o ra sao. H&#7885; ch&#7881; bi&#7871;t l&#224; app b&#7883; l&#7895;i l&#250;c h&#7885; c&#7847;n nh&#7845;t.</p></li></ol><h2><strong>Gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p n&#234;n l&#224;: &#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7857;ng Impact th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t.</strong></h2><p>V&#7899;i t&#432; c&#225;ch l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m Leadership, l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; ph&#225; v&#7905; v&#242;ng l&#7863;p &#273;&#7897;c h&#7841;i n&#224;y?</p><p><strong>Th&#7913; nh&#7845;t, &#273;&#7915;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; PM qua k&#7929; n&#259;ng thuy&#7871;t tr&#236;nh.</strong> K&#7929; n&#259;ng present t&#7889;t l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7897;ng, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#7889;t l&#245;i. C&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t PM l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; r&#7911;i ro. H&#227;y h&#7887;i h&#7885;: <em>&#8220;Em &#273;&#227; c&#226;n nh&#7855;c nh&#7919;ng r&#7911;i ro n&#224;o? N&#7871;u plan A fail th&#236; plan B l&#224; g&#236;?&#8221;</em> Ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u n&#224;y m&#7899;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; hi&#7875;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p><strong>Th&#7913; hai, t&#225;ch bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a &#8220;X&#244;ng x&#225;o&#8221; v&#224; &#8220;Li&#7873;u l&#297;nh&#8221;.</strong> Khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch team th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m nhanh, nh&#432;ng ph&#7843;i c&#243; ranh gi&#7899;i. Launch m&#7897;t c&#225;i landing page marketing l&#7895;i m&#7897;t t&#237; th&#236; kh&#244;ng sao. Nh&#432;ng launch m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n ti&#7873;n b&#7841;c, d&#7919; li&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#417; ch&#7871; rollback th&#236; &#273;&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; thi&#7871;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; s&#7921; d&#7845;n th&#226;n.</p><p><strong>Th&#7913; ba, ghi nh&#7853;n nh&#7919;ng &#8220;Ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#249;ng th&#7847;m l&#7863;ng&#8221;.</strong> H&#227;y &#273;&#432;a vi&#7879;c &#8220;Ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n v&#224; ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n r&#7911;i ro&#8221; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t KPI quan tr&#7885;ng. Khi m&#7897;t b&#7841;n Senior ch&#7881; ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t l&#7895; h&#7893;ng ch&#237; m&#7841;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi code, h&#227;y khen ng&#7907;i b&#7841;n &#7845;y c&#244;ng khai, gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; c&#225;ch b&#7841;n khen m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7889;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7907;p &#273;&#7891;ng l&#7899;n. Ph&#242;ng b&#7879;nh bao gi&#7901; c&#361;ng r&#7867; h&#417;n ch&#7919;a b&#7879;nh.</p><p>T&#7893; ch&#7913;c c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;ng n&#243;i ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n. &#272;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7875; Dunning-Kruger gi&#7871;t ch&#7871;t s&#7921; t&#7917; t&#7871; v&#224; th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i k&#7929; s&#432; l&#224;nh ngh&#7873;.</p><p>T.D, </p><p>T7.2026</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #9: AI Orchestrator PM 2027 không quản người, quản máy và AI ?]]></title><description><![CDATA[AI agent t&#7921; vi&#7871;t PRD, t&#7921; t&#7841;o test case, t&#7921; update Jira. V&#7853;y PM c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;? N&#7871;u 80% c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c h&#224;ng ng&#224;y c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thay b&#7857;ng m&#225;y, th&#236; 20% kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thay ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#253; do b&#7841;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-9-ai-orchestrator</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-9-ai-orchestrator</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2026 02:50:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>T&#432;&#417;ng lai kh&#244;ng thu&#7897;c v&#7873; PM bi&#7871;t vi&#7871;t PRD &#273;&#7865;p nh&#7845;t. N&#243; thu&#7897;c v&#7873; PM bi&#7871;t &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n 5 c&#225;i AI agent ch&#7841;y song song m&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7913;a n&#224;o &#273;&#226;m v&#224;o &#273;&#7913;a n&#224;o ???</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YuDG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbf129513-1c57-4754-a150-bec39fe8bd04_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y x&#7843;y ra d&#7841;o g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y th&#432;&#7901;ng hay nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;y.</p><p>M&#7897;t b&#7841;n PM mid-level &#273;&#432;&#7907;c <em>s&#7871;p m&#236;nh v&#7915;a cho xem c&#225;i demo. Con AI agent c&#7911;a team Data vi&#7871;t xong c&#225;i PRD cho Data build Dashboard trong 4 ph&#250;t.Ch&#7881; B&#7889;n ph&#250;t.Trong khi vi&#7879;c &#273;&#243; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng vi&#7871;t m&#7845;t 2 ng&#224;y. S&#7871;p b&#7841;n nh&#236;n b&#7841;n r&#7891;i c&#432;&#7901;i. T&#7915; &#273;&#243; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ng&#7911; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</em></p><p><strong>Nh&#432;ng b&#7841;n n&#234;n ngh&#297; theo h&#432;&#7899;ng sau</strong> </p><p><em>&#8220;Con AI vi&#7871;t &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</em></p><p><em>&#8220;&#272;&#250;ng t&#7847;m 70-80%. Ph&#7847;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i c&#7847;n s&#7917;a.&#8221;</em></p><p><em>&#8220;V&#7853;y th&#7921;c s&#7921; b&#7841;n m&#7845;t bao l&#226;u &#273;&#7875; s&#7917;a c&#225;i 20-30% c&#242;n l&#7841;i?&#8221;</em></p><p><em>&#8220;...2 ti&#7871;ng.&#8221;</em></p><p><em>&#8220;T&#7893;ng c&#7897;ng: 4 ph&#250;t AI + 2 ti&#7871;ng em s&#7917;a = n&#7917;a ng&#224;y. So v&#7899;i 2 ng&#224;y tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;. V&#7853;y r&#245; r&#224;ng b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng b&#7883; thay th&#7871;. Em &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#226;ng c&#7845;p &#273;&#7845;y ch&#7913;&#8221;</em></p><p><strong>R&#7891;i b&#7841;n l&#7841;i ngh&#297;:</strong> <em>&#8220;Nh&#432;ng s&#7871;p c&#243; ngh&#297; m&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#226;ng c&#7845;p kh&#244;ng ? &#8221;</em></p><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; b&#224;i to&#225;n th&#7853;t s&#7921;. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i AI c&#243; thay th&#7871; PM &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng m&#224; l&#224; <strong>s&#7871;p b&#7841;n c&#243; ngh&#297; AI thay th&#7871; PM &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng</strong>. V&#224; trong nhi&#7873;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; b&#7841;n kh&#243; ch&#7913;ng minh.</p><div><hr></div><p>Ch&#237;n t&#7853;p Reality Check. Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; &#273;i m&#7897;t ch&#7863;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng d&#224;i t&#7915; PMF &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng, qua Retention g&#227;y g&#225;nh, s&#7871;p HiPPO, Growth &#273;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n, Agile Cosplay, OKR Karaoke, PLG Fundamentalism, Dashboard Theater m&#7895;i b&#224;i &#273;&#7853;p m&#7897;t &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7899;n ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t sai l&#7847;m nh&#7887; tu&#7923; b&#7841;n ngh&#297; v&#224; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng v&#224;o th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#7903; t&#7893; ch&#7913;c. </p><p>B&#224;i h&#244;m nay th&#7917; &#273;&#7853;p v&#224;o c&#225;i &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng theo m&#236;nh kh&#225; l&#7899;n: v<strong>ai tr&#242; PM b&#7843;n th&#226;n PM ngh&#297; g&#236; ?</strong></p><p>N&#7871;u AI l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 80% c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c h&#224;ng ng&#224;y c&#7911;a PM vi&#7871;t PRD, t&#243;m t&#7855;t meeting, generate test case, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch data, draft email cho stakeholder, th&#7853;m ch&#237; suggest priority cho backlog th&#236; PM c&#242;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;?</p><p>M&#236;nh s&#7869; n&#243;i th&#7859;ng: N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224; Process PM ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#224; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c ch&#7911; y&#7871;u l&#224; vi&#7871;t Jira ticket, ch&#7841;y ceremony, update status th&#236; b&#7841;n c&#243; <strong>kho&#7843;ng 12-18 th&#225;ng</strong> tr&#432;&#7899;c khi c&#7895; m&#225;y l&#224;m vi&#7879;c &#273;&#243; r&#7867; h&#417;n v&#224; nhanh h&#417;n b&#7841;n. M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; c&#7843;nh b&#225;o &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y t&#7915; b&#224;i <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/su-tien-hoa-thanh-full-stack-pm-khong">Process PM vs Specialist PM</a> h&#7891;i th&#225;ng 3. B&#226;y gi&#7901; n&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; c&#7843;nh b&#225;o. N&#243; &#273;ang x&#7843;y ra.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng v&#224; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;i &#8220;nh&#432;ng&#8221; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y n&#7871;u b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#250;ng vai tr&#242; m&#7899;i c&#7911;a PM trong th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i AI, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889;ng s&#243;t. B&#7841;n s&#7869; <strong>m&#7841;nh h&#417;n bao gi&#7901; h&#7871;t.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Theory: PM nh&#432; Mini CEO c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m phi&#234;n b&#7843;n 2020</strong></h3><p>H&#227;y quay l&#7841;i &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a c&#361; m&#7897;t ch&#250;t. Trong su&#7889;t th&#7853;p ni&#234;n 2010-2020, PM &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7841;y r&#7857;ng m&#236;nh l&#224; &#8220;CEO of the product&#8221; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; c&#243; 1 b&#224;i n&#243;i v&#7909; n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/khung-hoang-nghe-pm-neu-ko-phai-ceo">n&#243;i v&#7873; c&#225;i &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng n&#224;y</a></strong> r&#7891;i. C&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7889;t l&#245;i g&#7891;m:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Discovery:</strong> Research user, t&#236;m pain point, x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh opportunity.</p></li><li><p><strong>Definition:</strong> Vi&#7871;t PRD, user stories, specs.</p></li><li><p><strong>Delivery:</strong> Qu&#7843;n l&#253; backlog, ch&#7841;y sprint, coordinate team, &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o ship &#273;&#250;ng h&#7841;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>Data:</strong> &#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng impact, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch metrics, report.</p></li></ol><p>B&#7889;n c&#225;i D. Nghe &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;. Nh&#432;ng h&#227;y nh&#236;n k&#7929;: trong 4 c&#225;i n&#224;y, AI agent n&#259;m 2026 &#273;&#227; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bao nhi&#234;u?</p><ul><li><p><strong>Definition (Vi&#7871;t PRD/specs):</strong> AI vi&#7871;t PRD d&#7921;a tr&#234;n input t&#7915; meeting notes v&#224; user feedback &#8212; &#273;&#7841;t 70-80% ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng, PM s&#7917;a 20-30% c&#242;n l&#7841;i. </p><ul><li><p>&#9989; AI thay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n. Nh&#432;ng core value th&#236; th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7889;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. </p></li><li><p>&#128293; Nh&#432;ng L&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#432;u ti&#234;n / deep v&#7873; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#224; c&#225;i b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i l&#224;m t&#7889;t.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Delivery (Qu&#7843;n l&#253; backlog, update status):</strong> AI agent t&#7921; sync Jira, t&#7921; generate sprint report, t&#7921; remind blocker. </p><ul><li><p>&#9989; AI thay ho&#224;n to&#224;n.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Data (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch metrics):</strong> AI t&#7921; query data, t&#7921; v&#7869; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, t&#7921; detect anomaly. </p><ul><li><p>&#9989; AI thay ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n. </p></li><li><p>&#128293; Nh&#432;ng L&#7921;a ch&#7885;n l&#224;m g&#236; v&#224; focus g&#236; v&#7851;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Discovery (Research user, t&#236;m insight):</strong> AI t&#243;m t&#7855;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c interview transcript, t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p survey. Nh&#432;ng... ng&#7891;i &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n user, &#273;&#7885;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#417; th&#7875;, c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n s&#7921; do d&#7921; trong gi&#7885;ng n&#243;i, h&#7887;i c&#226;u follow-up &#273;&#250;ng l&#250;c? </p><ul><li><p>&#10060; AI ch&#432;a thay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7845;t c&#225;c l&#224; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. </p></li></ul></li></ul><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; sai nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m l&#7841;i nh&#432;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u sai &#7903; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n Discovery l&#224; th&#7913; khi&#7871;n ch&#250;ng m&#7845;t m&#225;t nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t h&#227;y th&#7875; hi&#7879;n b&#7841;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;y. Th&#7853;t s&#7921; l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i hi&#7875;u ch&#250;ng ta ph&#7909;c v&#7909; ai l&#224;m g&#236;. </strong></p><p><strong>V&#224; &#273;&#243; l&#224; c&#417; h&#7897;i c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</strong></p></div><p>V&#7853;y 3/4 c&#225;i D &#273;ang b&#7883; x&#226;m l&#7845;n. C&#225;i D c&#242;n l&#7841;i Discovery &#7903; level deep empathy l&#224; c&#225;i duy nh&#7845;t hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i AI ch&#432;a ch&#7841;m t&#7899;i.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-9-ai-orchestrator?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Datht's Reflections ! This post is public so feel free to share it.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-9-ai-orchestrator?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-9-ai-orchestrator?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Breaking Point: Prompt Jockey v&#224; s&#7921; ng&#225;o c&#7911;a AI PM.</strong></h3><p>Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng lao &#273;&#7897;ng PM &#273;ang ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng theo hai th&#225;i c&#7921;c, c&#7843; hai &#273;&#7873;u sai:</p><p><strong>Th&#225;i c&#7921;c 1: Ph&#7911; nh&#7853;n.</strong> <em>&#8220;AI ch&#7881; l&#224; hype, PM v&#7851;n c&#7847;n, &#273;&#7915;ng lo.&#8221;</em></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; ki&#7875;u &#273;&#224; &#273;i&#7875;u chui &#273;&#7847;u xu&#7889;ng c&#225;t. M&#236;nh g&#7863;p nhi&#7873;u PM senior &#7903; VN v&#7851;n tin r&#7857;ng c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh an to&#224;n v&#236; PM c&#7847;n soft skills m&#224; AI kh&#244;ng c&#243;. &#272;&#250;ng. Nh&#432;ng s&#7871;p b&#7841;n c&#243; bi&#7871;t ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t soft skills v&#7899;i hard skills kh&#244;ng? Hay s&#7871;p b&#7841;n ch&#7881; th&#7845;y: AI vi&#7871;t PRD trong 4 ph&#250;t, em vi&#7871;t trong 2 ng&#224;y v&#7853;y t&#7841;i sao t&#244;i tr&#7843; l&#432;&#417;ng em 50-70 tri&#7879;u/th&#225;ng?</p><p><strong>Th&#225;i c&#7921;c 2: Ng&#225;o AI.</strong> <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh s&#7869; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh AI Product Manager! H&#7885;c prompt engineering! T&#432;&#417;ng lai l&#224; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh!&#8221;</em></p><p>LinkedIn tr&#224;n ng&#7853;p nh&#7919;ng title m&#7899;i: AI Product Manager, Head of AI Product, PM for Generative AI. Nghe oai. Nh&#432;ng 90% trong s&#7889; &#273;&#243;, khi m&#236;nh h&#7887;i s&#226;u v&#224;o, c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c th&#7921;c t&#7871; l&#224;: vi&#7871;t prompt v&#224; cook AI model v&#224; v&#7869; v&#7901;i 1 s&#7889; usecase AI v&#224;o s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, evaluate output, r&#7891;i copy-paste v&#224;o Doc &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7849;y cho team l&#224;m.</p><p>M&#236;nh xin ph&#233;p g&#7885;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; <strong>Prompt Jockey </strong>ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#432;&#7905;i ng&#7921;a prompt m&#224; t&#432;&#7903;ng m&#236;nh l&#224; k&#7925; s&#297; AI.</p><p>Bi&#7871;t vi&#7871;t prompt kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; bi&#7871;t l&#224;m AI Product. Gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; bi&#7871;t l&#225;i xe kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; bi&#7871;t thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417;. Prompt engineering l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#417; b&#7843;n basic literacy n&#243; s&#7869; s&#7899;m tr&#7903; th&#224;nh k&#7929; n&#259;ng m&#224; <strong>m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong> &#273;&#7873;u c&#243;, gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; bi&#7871;t d&#249;ng Google l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng m&#224; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; t&#7915; 2010. N&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#7907;i th&#7871; c&#7841;nh tranh.</p><p>V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#7903; VN? PM kh&#244;ng thi&#7871;u tool AI. PM thi&#7871;u <strong>kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ngh&#297; &#273;&#250;ng</strong> v&#7873; c&#225;ch AI thay &#273;&#7893;i b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. H&#7885; v&#7851;n &#273;ang suy ngh&#297; trong framework c&#361;: &#8220;L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; d&#249;ng AI nhanh h&#417;n?&#8221; thay v&#236; &#8220;N&#7871;u AI l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 80% c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#361;, th&#236; 100% c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c M&#7898;I c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#224; g&#236;?&#8221;</p><div><hr></div><p><em>M&#236;nh &#273;ang build product &#7903; l&#297;nh v&#7921;c AI/Security, v&#224; h&#224;ng ng&#224;y team m&#236;nh d&#249;ng AI agent cho m&#7885;i th&#7913;: draft idea, vi&#7871;t doc, th&#7853;m ch&#237; suggest architecture decisions. Ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng n&#234;n s&#7907; AI v&#224; c&#225; nh&#226;n m&#236;nh tin AI s&#7869; gi&#250;p ph&#225;t huy nh&#7919;ng kinh nghi&#7879;m t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t tr&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7901;.</em></p><p><em>M&#236;nh s&#7907; nh&#7919;ng PM kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u thay &#273;&#7893;i r&#7891;i m&#7897;t ng&#224;y wake up nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh th&#7915;a th&#227;i m&#224; kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u t&#7841;i sao.</em></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Patch: The Irreplaceable PM v&#224; 3 th&#7913; m&#225;y KH&#212;NG l&#224;m thay b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#253; thuy&#7871;t. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; b&#7897; l&#7885;c m&#224; m&#236;nh t&#7921; d&#249;ng m&#7895;i ng&#224;y &#273;&#7875; ki&#7875;m tra: <em>&#8220;C&#225;i m&#236;nh &#273;ang l&#224;m, AI c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m thay kh&#244;ng? N&#7871;u c&#243;, m&#236;nh n&#234;n d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; l&#224;m c&#225;i kh&#225;c.&#8221;</em></p><h4><strong>1. Navigate Organizational Politics : V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n n&#243;i &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7845;t nh&#432;ng n&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; th&#7853;t.  </strong></h4><p>AI kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng anh Head of Engineering &#273;ang gi&#7853;n s&#7871;p v&#236; b&#7883; c&#7855;t headcount. AI kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng ch&#7883; Director Marketing &#273;ang lobby &#273;&#7875; team m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng b&#7883; merge. AI kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n ship t&#237;nh n&#259;ng X tr&#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh n&#259;ng Y anh Sales Lead s&#7869; h&#7853;m h&#7921;c v&#224; ng&#7847;m ph&#225; ho&#7841;i adoption.</p><p>Organizational politics th&#7913; m&#224; s&#225;ch PM kh&#244;ng d&#7841;y v&#224; AI kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng s&#7889;ng c&#242;n. Bi&#7871;t khi n&#224;o n&#234;n push, khi n&#224;o n&#234;n l&#249;i, khi n&#224;o c&#7847;n &#273;&#7891;ng minh, khi n&#224;o n&#234;n im l&#7863;ng. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; tr&#242; ch&#417;i <strong>con ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong> thu&#7847;n t&#250;y. V&#224; &#7903; Ch&#226;u &#193;, n&#417;i relationship-driven quan h&#7879; l&#224; vua callback <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams">T&#7853;p #3</a></strong> &#8212; k&#7929; n&#259;ng n&#224;y c&#242;n quan tr&#7885;ng g&#7845;p b&#7897;i.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n gi&#7887;i navigate politics, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; b&#7883; thay th&#7871;. V&#236; AI kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng c&#225;i email ok noted c&#7911;a s&#7871;p th&#7853;t ra c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; tao kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &#253; nh&#432;ng tao ch&#432;a mu&#7889;n n&#243;i th&#7859;ng. Nh&#432;ng h&#227;y nh&#7899; h&#227;y d&#249;ng k&#7929; n&#259;ng politics cho m&#7897;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u duy nh&#7845;t l&#224; gi&#250;p t&#7893; ch&#7913;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. M&#7885;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t politics kh&#225;c &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n tr&#7903; n&#234;n k&#233;m &#273;i thay v&#236; t&#7853;p trung cho l&#224;m t&#7889;t c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c n&#243; s&#7869; d&#224;nh cho vi&#7879;c l&#224;m sao s&#7889;ng s&#243;t. M&#224; khi b&#7841;n t&#7853;p trung cho s&#7921; s&#7889;ng s&#243;t th&#236; nh&#7919;ng vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n l&#224;m ra th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7879;. </p><p>P/s nh&#7887; : Khi m&#7885;i cu&#7897;c trao &#273;&#7893;i &#273;i&#7873;u l&#224; politics th&#236; l&#224; t&#7893; ch&#7913;c b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p><h4><strong>2. Th&#7845;u c&#7843;m v&#7899;i C&#7843;m x&#250;c h&#7895;n lo&#7841;n.</strong></h4><p>AI t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p feedback tuy&#7879;t v&#7901;i. AI ph&#226;n t&#237;ch sentiment analysis ngon l&#224;nh. Nh&#432;ng AI kh&#244;ng ng&#7891;i &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n m&#7897;t b&#224; m&#7865; 40 tu&#7893;i &#7903; B&#236;nh D&#432;&#417;ng, nghe b&#224; &#7845;y k&#7875; r&#7857;ng b&#224; d&#249;ng app c&#7911;a b&#7841;n m&#7895;i &#273;&#234;m l&#250;c 11 gi&#7901; sau khi con ng&#7911; v&#236; &#273;&#243; l&#224; l&#250;c duy nh&#7845;t b&#224; c&#243; cho b&#7843;n th&#226;n m&#236;nh. V&#224; t&#7915; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#243;, nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng notification l&#250;c 8 gi&#7901; s&#225;ng gi&#7901; &#273;&#432;a con &#273;i h&#7885;c l&#224; <strong>ho&#224;n to&#224;n sai</strong> th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m.</p><p>Deep empathy lo&#7841;i empathy m&#224; b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i ng&#7891;i xu&#7889;ng, nh&#236;n v&#224;o m&#7855;t, l&#7855;ng nghe gi&#7885;ng n&#243;i run run kh&#244;ng c&#243; AI n&#224;o g&#7885;i t&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. V&#224; PM n&#224;o b&#7887; k&#7929; n&#259;ng n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; ng&#7891;i optimize prompt th&#236; &#273;ang b&#7887; v&#361; kh&#237; m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m th&#7913; m&#225;y gi&#7887;i.</p><h4><strong>3. &#272;&#7863;t c&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i s&#7921; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</strong></h4><p>Pivot to&#224;n b&#7897; business model. Quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh r&#250;t kh&#7887;i m&#7897;t th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng. Ch&#7885;n gi&#7919;a 2 con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c m&#224; data n&#243;i 50-50. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh Type 1 (callback <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-8-data-driven-delusion">T&#7853;p #8</a></strong>) c&#7917;a m&#7897;t chi&#7873;u, kh&#244;ng quay l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>AI c&#243; th&#7875; simulate 1000 k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n. Nh&#432;ng AI kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m. AI kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7863;t s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p, uy t&#237;n, v&#224; &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#234;n b&#224;n c&#432;&#7907;c. Con ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7843;i quy&#7871;t. Con ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7843;i ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m.</p><p>Kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh l&#7899;n d&#432;&#7899;i s&#7921; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; s&#7889;ng v&#7899;i h&#7853;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n v&#224; g&#225;nh n&#7863;ng c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i. AI advisor r&#7845;t gi&#7887;i. Nh&#432;ng AI kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; l&#224; <strong>ng&#432;&#7901;i k&#253; v&#224;o quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh hay n&#243;i &#273;&#249;a AI ko &#7903; T&#249; thay b&#7841;n, kh&#244;ng xin l&#7895;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ae c&#7897;ng s&#7921; &#7903; b&#234;n c&#7841;nh b&#7841;n khi quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh khi&#7871;n t&#7893; ch&#7913;c g&#7863;p r&#7911;i ro.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>V&#7853;y PM 2026 &amp; 2027 ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t th&#234;m g&#236;?</strong></h3><p>Ngo&#224;i 3 th&#7913; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thay th&#7871; &#7903; tr&#234;n, c&#243; 3 k&#7929; n&#259;ng m&#7899;i m&#224; PM c&#7847;n trang b&#7883; ngay theo m&#236;nh:</p><p><strong>Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#272;&#225;nh gi&#225;:</strong> Khi AI generate output, ai &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; output &#273;&#243; &#273;&#250;ng hay sai? PM ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t thi&#7871;t k&#7871; b&#7897; ti&#234;u ch&#237; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; cho AI kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#7903; level output n&#224;y c&#243; v&#7867; &#7893;n m&#224; &#7903; level output n&#224;y &#273;&#7841;t 8/10 ti&#234;u ch&#237; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng, fail &#7903; ti&#234;u ch&#237; #3 v&#224; #7, c&#7847;n iterate. &#272;&#243; l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng Engineering PM kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i Prompt PM.</p><p><strong>Context Engineering:</strong> AI gi&#7887;i &#273;&#7871;n m&#7845;y c&#361;ng ngu n&#7871;u b&#7841;n cho n&#243; context sai. PM ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t thi&#7871;t k&#7871; context package t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p user research, business constraints, technical limitations, competitive landscape th&#224;nh b&#7897; briefing chu&#7849;n &#273;&#7875; agent hi&#7875;u &#273;&#250;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n. Garbage in, garbage out. &lt;Good: Context in, Best: Quality out&gt;.</p><p><strong>Guardrail Architecture:</strong> AI agent t&#7921; ch&#7841;y, t&#7921; quy&#7871;t. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u n&#243; quy&#7871;t sai v&#237; d&#7909; t&#7921; g&#7917;i email xin l&#7895;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng khi kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n, ho&#7863;c t&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i pricing page th&#236; ai ch&#7883;u? PM ph&#7843;i thi&#7871;t k&#7871; h&#224;ng r&#224;o khi n&#224;o agent t&#7921; ch&#7841;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, khi n&#224;o ph&#7843;i d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i h&#7887;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i. &#272;&#243; l&#224; PM d&#7841;ng m&#7899;i: kh&#244;ng qu&#7843;n ng&#432;&#7901;i, <strong>qu&#7843;n h&#7879; th&#7889;ng agent</strong>.</p><div><hr></div><p>Su&#7889;t 9 t&#7853;p Reality Check trong h&#417;n 2 th&#225;ng, t&#7915; PMF &#273;&#7871;n AI c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7907;i ch&#7881; &#273;&#7887; xuy&#234;n su&#7889;t m&#224; m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n b&#7841;n nh&#7899;: <strong>m&#7885;i framework, m&#7885;i c&#244;ng c&#7909;, m&#7885;i quy tr&#236;nh k&#7875; c&#7843; AI &#273;&#7873;u ch&#7881; l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n.</strong> C&#225;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7841;n l&#224; PM gi&#7887;i hay d&#7903; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t bao nhi&#234;u framework. M&#224; l&#224; b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t khi n&#224;o n&#234;n d&#249;ng, khi n&#224;o n&#234;n v&#7913;t, v&#224; khi n&#224;o n&#234;n tin v&#224;o tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#232;n gi&#361;a b&#7857;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;n gi&#7901; ng&#7891;i v&#7899;i user th&#7853;t, deal v&#7899;i s&#7871;p th&#7853;t, v&#224; ship s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#7853;t.</p><p>AI s&#7869; kh&#244;ng gi&#7871;t ngh&#7873; PM. Nh&#432;ng AI s&#7869; gi&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng PM kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u ti&#7871;n h&#243;a.</p><p>B&#7841;n thu&#7897;c lo&#7841;i n&#224;o?</p><p>T.D<br>T7.2026</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Datht's Reflections ! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Founder's Lens #1 [Founder SnapEdit] Làm nhanh, Cắt nhanh.Vũ khí sống còn thời đại mới.]]></title><description><![CDATA[S&#7889; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n trong Series The Founder's Lens: M&#7893; x&#7867; tri&#7871;t l&#253; l&#224;m nhanh, b&#7887; nhanh t&#7915; cu&#7897;c tr&#242; chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i Founder Snapedit, &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng c&#250; pivot kinh &#273;i&#7875;n c&#7911;a Instagram, Flickr, Apple.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-1-lam-nhanh-cat</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-1-lam-nhanh-cat</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 02:50:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><strong>C&#7849;m nang sinh t&#7891;n cho Product Manager.<br><br></strong><em><strong>T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n g&#245; code nhanh g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i hay b&#7855;t team OT tr&#7855;ng &#273;&#234;m. T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng khai t&#7917; m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng th&#7845;t b&#7841;i trong v&#242;ng 5 ph&#250;t, thay v&#236; m&#7845;t 5 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; c&#7889; c&#432;u mang n&#243; ch&#7881; v&#236; ti&#7871;c c&#244;ng.</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3f5267d7-7848-4178-82b4-f757f68d258c_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:302046,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/200269213?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3f5267d7-7848-4178-82b4-f757f68d258c_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lm2a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8aa6763d-c4d0-42b0-a5ce-b0b5e4250143_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>H&#244;m tr&#432;&#7899;c, nh&#226;n d&#7883;p Quang v&#224;o HCM m&#236;nh c&#243; setup cho team product leader &#7903; VP t&#7841;i S&#224;i G&#242;n &#273;&#7875; anh em &#273;&#432;&#7907;c giao l&#432;u h&#7885;c h&#7887;i nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; t&#7915; Quang, <a href="https://vietnambusinessinsider.vn/chan-dung-ong-phan-sy-quang-nguoi-sang-lap-ung-dung-giup-thay-quan-ao-nho-ai-mong-muon-quang-ba-trang-phuc-truyen-thong-cua-viet-nam-a43031.html">&#192; Quang l&#224; Founder</a> c&#7911;a <strong><a href="https://snapedit.app/">Snapedit</a>, FitRoom &#8230;</strong> m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng startup AI hi&#7871;m hoi c&#7911;a Vi&#7879;t Nam t&#7921; tay build s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#224; &#273;i global ngon &#417;, thu h&#250;t h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng tr&#234;n to&#224;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n nh&#7919;ng chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch marketing &#273;ao to b&#250;a l&#7899;n.</p><p>C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a chia s&#7869; xoay quanh m&#7897;t b&#224;i to&#225;n s&#7889;ng c&#242;n: <strong>L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t team nh&#7887; c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7889;ng s&#243;t v&#224; chi&#7871;n th&#7855;ng trong k&#7927; nguy&#234;n m&#224; Big Tech ?</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://vietnambusinessinsider.vn/chan-dung-ong-phan-sy-quang-nguoi-sang-lap-ung-dung-giup-thay-quan-ao-nho-ai-mong-muon-quang-ba-trang-phuc-truyen-thong-cua-viet-nam-a43031.html" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7FvI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7FvI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7FvI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7FvI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7FvI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png" width="618" height="354.6666666666667" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:532,&quot;width&quot;:927,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:618,&quot;bytes&quot;:478710,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://vietnambusinessinsider.vn/chan-dung-ong-phan-sy-quang-nguoi-sang-lap-ung-dung-giup-thay-quan-ao-nho-ai-mong-muon-quang-ba-trang-phuc-truyen-thong-cua-viet-nam-a43031.html&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/200269213?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7FvI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7FvI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7FvI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7FvI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F661cd38f-de2a-410e-a1ce-75c435331a08_927x532.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#7842;nh: Nh&#7883;p s&#7889;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng.   </figcaption></figure></div><p><em>T&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; Snapedit : <a href="https://snapedit.app/">Link</a> </em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png" width="1456" height="677" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:677,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1876977,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/200269213?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!81o2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffdb2d4db-9397-4a05-a21a-142c042fc997_2848x1324.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Get SnapEdit mobile app</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=snapedit.app.remove" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png" width="194" height="56" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:56,&quot;width&quot;:194,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Get it on Google Play&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=snapedit.app.remove&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Get it on Google Play" title="Get it on Google Play" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzN6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8e1624c-5697-42dc-a95d-178f17f1beeb_194x56.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/snapedit-remove-objects/id1611282499" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png" width="194" height="56" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:56,&quot;width&quot;:194,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Download on the App Store&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://apps.apple.com/us/app/snapedit-remove-objects/id1611282499&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Download on the App Store" title="Download on the App Store" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ycan!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a9b9dd7-3489-4967-a6e6-680a11c69fd7_194x56.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Quang Founder chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7897;i PM Leader c&#7911;a m&#236;nh nhi&#7873;u th&#7913; c&#243; 1 c&#226;u Key r&#7845;t &#273;&#7881;nh m&#236;nh note l&#7841;i m&#7897;t v&#224;i &#253; quan tr&#7885;ng &#8220;L&#7907;i th&#7871; duy nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a qu&#7889;c gia n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng dc b&#226;y gi&#7901; l&#224; ch&#7919; nhanh th&#244;i&#8220; v&#224; &#8220;Nh&#432;ng nhanh n&#243; l&#224; h&#7879; qu&#7843; mu&#7889;n nhanh dc th&#236; ph&#7843;i setup &#273;&#250;ng Con ng&#432;&#7901;i + automation with AI s&#7855;p x&#7871;p &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t c&#7843;&#8220;</p><p>Nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh n&#224;y &#273;&#225;nh tr&#250;ng ph&#243;c c&#225;i t&#7917; huy&#7879;t &#273;ang b&#224;o m&#242;n kh&#244;ng &#237;t team product m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng g&#7863;p su&#7889;t 15 n&#259;m qua k&#7875; c&#7843; th&#7901;i k&#7923; m&#236;nh &#7903; Zalo, chuy&#7875;n sang VinID, OneMount, hay &#273;i t&#432; v&#7845;n. C&#225;c b&#7841;n PM th&#432;&#7901;ng r&#7845;t h&#259;ng m&#225;u khi v&#7869; spec, &#273;&#7867; t&#237;nh n&#259;ng m&#7899;i, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i y&#7871;u b&#243;ng v&#237;a v&#224; ch&#249;n tay khi ph&#7843;i nh&#7845;c k&#233;o l&#234;n c&#7855;t ph&#259;ng ch&#237;nh &#273;&#7913;a con &#273;&#7867; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. Sau bu&#7893;i g&#7863;p Quang m&#236;nh ngh&#297; s&#7869; vi&#7871;t tuy&#7871;n b&#224;i m&#7899;i n&#224;y v&#236; kh&#244;ng d&#7877; ae &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nghe nh&#7919;ng chia s&#7869; t&#7915; c&#225;c b&#7841;n founder Top 1 VN. </p><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7903; m&#224;n cho Series <strong>The Founder&#8217;s Lens</strong> n&#224;y, m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n c&#249;ng b&#7841;n m&#7893; x&#7867; tri&#7871;t l&#253; <strong>&#8220;L&#224;m nhanh, C&#7855;t nhanh&#8221;</strong> th&#7913; v&#361; kh&#237; t&#7889;i th&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a startup th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i m&#7899;i, v&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n tho&#225;t kh&#7887;i c&#225;i b&#7851;y c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng Zombie.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>C&#259;n b&#7879;nh ung th&#432; th&#7847;m l&#7863;ng mang t&#234;n T&#237;nh n&#259;ng Zombie.</strong></h2><p>Trong y h&#7885;c, zombie l&#224; nh&#7919;ng x&#225;c s&#7889;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n di chuy&#7875;n v&#224; &#259;n m&#242;n ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng. Trong Product Management, <strong>T&#237;nh n&#259;ng Zombie</strong> l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i x&#225;c ng&#7845;p ngo&#7843;i: metrics l&#7865;t &#273;&#7865;t, user kh&#244;ng th&#232;m &#273;&#7909;ng t&#7899;i ho&#7863;c l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#249;ng c&#7921;c th&#7845;p, nh&#432;ng n&#243; v&#7851;n s&#7889;ng nh&#259;n r&#259;ng trong app c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p>T&#7841;i sao ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng gi&#7871;t ch&#250;ng?</p><p>C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i n&#7857;m &#7903; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c h&#224;nh vi: <strong>&#7842;o t&#432;&#7903;ng chi ph&#237; ch&#236;m</strong>.</p><p>C&#7843; team PM, Designer, v&#224; Dev &#273;&#227; c&#224;y s&#7845;p m&#7863;t r&#242;ng r&#227; 3 th&#225;ng tr&#7901;i, OT li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#273;&#7875; ship &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh n&#259;ng &#273;&#243; l&#234;n store. B&#226;y gi&#7901; b&#7843;o khai t&#7917; n&#243;? PM s&#7869; th&#7845;y nh&#432; c&#244;ng s&#7913;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#7893; s&#244;ng &#273;&#7893; b&#7875;, s&#7907; s&#7871;p &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; n&#259;ng l&#7921;c. Dev th&#236; x&#243;t xa v&#236; &#273;&#7889;ng code t&#226;m huy&#7871;t b&#7883; v&#7913;t v&#224;o s&#7885;t r&#225;c. Th&#7871; l&#224; ch&#250;ng ta ch&#7863;c l&#432;&#7905;i: <em>&#8220;Th&#244;i c&#7913; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7845;y, t&#7915; t&#7915; optimize sau&#8221;</em>, <em>&#8220;Hay t&#7841;i m&#236;nh ch&#432;a l&#224;m marketing m&#7841;nh?&#8221;</em>, <em>&#8220;Ch&#7855;c t&#7841;i UI/UX ch&#432;a t&#7889;i &#432;u, &#273;&#7875; s&#7917;a l&#7841;i t&#237; xem sao&#8221;</em>.</p><p><em>Nh&#7855;c chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y l&#7841;i nh&#7899; d&#7841;o c&#242;n chinh chi&#7871;n &#7903; nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng ty scale b&#7921;, nh&#7919;ng tr&#7853;n c&#227;i v&#227; ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; gi&#224;nh gi&#7853;t l&#7841;i s&#7921; s&#7889;ng cho m&#7897;t &#273;o&#7841;n code ch&#7871;t y&#7875;u di&#7877;n ra nh&#432; c&#417;m b&#7919;a. Nhi&#7873;u khi bi&#7871;t t&#7887;ng l&#224; v&#7899; v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7889;, nh&#432;ng l&#7905; h&#7913;a v&#7899;i s&#7871;p tr&#234;n slide n&#259;m ngo&#225;i r&#7891;i n&#234;n &#273;&#224;nh c&#7855;n r&#259;ng &#244;m v&#224;o.</em></p><p>Nh&#432;ng c&#225;i gi&#225; ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; cho s&#7921; ch&#7847;n ch&#7915; n&#224;y l&#224; v&#244; c&#249;ng &#273;&#7855;t &#273;&#7887;. Nh&#7919;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng Zombie kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m y&#234;n m&#7897;t ch&#7895;. Ch&#250;ng &#226;m th&#7847;m h&#250;t c&#7841;n sinh l&#7921;c c&#7911;a t&#7893; ch&#7913;c:</p><ul><li><p>G&#225;nh n&#7863;ng b&#7843;o tr&#236; code: M&#7895;i l&#7847;n refactor h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, n&#226;ng c&#7845;p th&#432; vi&#7879;n l&#224; Dev l&#7841;i ph&#7843;i test l&#7841;i &#273;&#7889;ng code c&#361; k&#7929; &#273;&#243;.</p></li><li><p>L&#224;m ngh&#7869;n ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7897; QA: &#272;&#7897;i Tester ph&#7843;i test &#273;i test l&#7841;i m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng kh&#244;ng ai d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o n&#243; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m s&#7853;p app khi c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t.</p></li><li><p>T&#259;ng n&#7907; UX (UX Debt): App ng&#224;y c&#224;ng ph&#236;nh to, menu r&#432;&#7901;m r&#224;, user m&#7903; app l&#234;n r&#7889;i r&#7855;m ch&#7843; bi&#7871;t b&#7845;m v&#224;o &#273;&#226;u.</p></li><li><p>T&#234; li&#7879;t t&#432; duy: C&#7843; team b&#7883; cu&#7889;n v&#224;o v&#242;ng xo&#225;y s&#7917;a l&#7895;i cho c&#225;i c&#361; thay v&#236; t&#7853;p trung ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c qu&#253; gi&#225; &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#7897;t ph&#225; c&#7889;t l&#245;i.</p></li></ul><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng d&#225;m c&#7855;t b&#7887; nhanh, b&#7841;n &#273;ang t&#7921; s&#225;t b&#7857;ng s&#7921; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p do ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh t&#7841;o ra.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sNsl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8560fd8e-d8a3-4d7e-b35a-9c003ad94bee_5712x4284.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sNsl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8560fd8e-d8a3-4d7e-b35a-9c003ad94bee_5712x4284.jpeg" width="1456" height="1941" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>Nh&#7919;ng c&#250; ch&#233;m s&#7845;m s&#233;t t&#7915; c&#225;c huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#7875; b&#7841;n th&#7845;y tri&#7871;t l&#253; c&#7911;a <strong>Founder Snapedit</strong> kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; n&#243;i su&#244;ng hay ch&#7881; &#273;&#250;ng &#7903; quy m&#244; startup nh&#7887;, h&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o c&#225;ch c&#225;c g&#227; kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng s&#7889;ng s&#243;t nh&#7901; k&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#7855;t b&#7887; s&#7845;m s&#233;t n&#224;y.</p><h3><strong>1. Instagram: C&#250; ch&#233;m 90% t&#237;nh n&#259;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o n&#234;n &#273;&#7871; ch&#7871; t&#7927; &#273;&#244;</strong></h3><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i chia s&#7867; &#7843;nh l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t h&#224;nh tinh, Instagram c&#243; t&#234;n l&#224; <strong>Burbn</strong> m&#7897;t si&#234;u &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng th&#7901;i s&#417; khai ch&#7841;y tr&#234;n iPhone. Burbn c&#7921;c k&#7923; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p: n&#243; cho ph&#233;p check-in &#273;&#7883;a &#273;i&#7875;m, l&#234;n k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch &#273;i ch&#417;i, t&#237;ch &#273;i&#7875;m th&#432;&#7903;ng, ch&#417;i game nh&#243;m, v&#224;... chia s&#7867; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh sau khi check-in.</p><p>Sau v&#224;i th&#225;ng ra m&#7855;t, app d&#7853;m ch&#226;n t&#7841;i ch&#7895;. Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ng&#417; ng&#225;c tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t &#273;&#7889;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng l&#7897;n x&#7897;n. Nh&#432;ng hai nh&#224; s&#225;ng l&#7853;p Kevin Systrom v&#224; Mike Krieger &#273;&#227; l&#224;m m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c c&#7921;c k&#7923; d&#361;ng c&#7843;m: H&#7885; nh&#236;n th&#7859;ng v&#224;o data.</p><p>H&#7885; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra user ho&#224;n to&#224;n ph&#7899;t l&#7901; check-in hay game nh&#243;m, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i c&#7921;c k&#7923; cu&#7891;ng nhi&#7879;t v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c &#273;&#259;ng &#7843;nh v&#224; &#225;p c&#225;c filter m&#224;u m&#232;.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng m&#7897;t ch&#250;t do d&#7921;, Kevin v&#224; Mike quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh <strong>v&#7913;t b&#7887; 90% code c&#7911;a Burbn</strong>. H&#7885; khai t&#7917; s&#7841;ch s&#224;nh sanh c&#225;c t&#237;nh n&#259;ng d&#432; th&#7915;a. H&#7885; ch&#7881; gi&#7919; l&#7841;i &#273;&#250;ng ba th&#7913;: &#273;&#259;ng &#7843;nh, &#225;p filter, v&#224; comment. H&#7885; &#273;&#7853;p &#273;i x&#226;y l&#7841;i &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n m&#7899;i ch&#7881; trong v&#242;ng v&#224;i tu&#7847;n v&#224; &#273;&#7863;t t&#234;n l&#224; Instagram.</p><p>N&#7871;u ng&#224;y &#273;&#243; h&#7885; ti&#7871;c c&#244;ng s&#7913;c build Burbn m&#224; c&#7889; &#8220;optimize&#8221; &#273;&#7889;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng check-in r&#225;c kia, th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#227; kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n Instagram.</p><h3><strong>2. Flickr: C&#225;i ch&#7871;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t t&#7921;a game m&#7903; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cho k&#7927; nguy&#234;n chia s&#7867; &#7843;nh</strong></h3><p>T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; Instagram, Flickr ban &#273;&#7847;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; chia s&#7867; &#7843;nh. N&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng ph&#7909; n&#7857;m trong m&#7897;t t&#7921;a game nh&#7853;p vai tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n c&#243; t&#234;n l&#224; <strong>Game Neverending</strong>.</p><p>Khi t&#7921;a game g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n v&#224; metrics s&#7909;t gi&#7843;m nghi&#234;m tr&#7885;ng, &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; s&#225;ng l&#7853;p nh&#7853;n ra ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng trong game c&#7921;c k&#7923; th&#237;ch c&#244;ng c&#7909; k&#233;o-th&#7843; &#273;&#7875; chia s&#7867; v&#224; l&#432;u tr&#7919; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c v&#7899;i nhau.</p><p>H&#7885; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7845;m s&#233;t: <strong>&#272;&#243;ng c&#7917;a ho&#224;n to&#224;n d&#7921; &#225;n game &#273;&#7891; s&#7897;</strong> m&#224; h&#7885; &#273;&#227; m&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, tr&#237;ch xu&#7845;t &#273;&#250;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng chia s&#7867; &#7843;nh ra v&#224; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng n&#243; th&#224;nh Flickr. Quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7913;t kho&#225;t &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; c&#7913;u s&#7889;ng to&#224;n b&#7897; &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; v&#224; bi&#7871;n Flickr th&#224;nh th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u tr&#7883; gi&#225; h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c tri&#7879;u &#273;&#244; th&#7901;i k&#7923; Web 2.0.</p><h3><strong>3. Apple n&#259;m 1997: Khi Steve Jobs c&#7847;m &#8220;l&#432;&#7905;i h&#225;i&#8221; c&#7913;u m&#7841;ng c&#244;ng ty</strong></h3><p>N&#259;m 1997, khi Steve Jobs quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i Apple sau 12 n&#259;m b&#7883; sa th&#7843;i, c&#244;ng ty &#273;ang &#273;&#7913;ng tr&#234;n b&#7901; v&#7921;c ph&#225; s&#7843;n, ch&#7881; c&#242;n &#273;&#7911; ti&#7873;n m&#7863;t &#273;&#7875; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng trong v&#242;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7847;y 90 ng&#224;y.</p><p>Khi b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, Jobs t&#233; ng&#7917;a khi th&#7845;y Apple &#273;ang s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c phi&#234;n b&#7843;n m&#225;y t&#237;nh Macintosh kh&#225;c nhau, c&#7897;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7889;ng thi&#7871;t b&#7883; ngo&#7841;i vi c&#224; ch&#7899;n nh&#432; m&#225;y in, m&#225;y qu&#233;t, v&#224; c&#7843; chi&#7871;c m&#225;y t&#237;nh c&#7847;m tay Newton (ti&#7873;n th&#226;n c&#7911;a PDA) &#8212; m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n c&#7921;c k&#7923; &#273;&#7897;t ph&#225; v&#7873; m&#7863;t c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; l&#250;c b&#7845;y gi&#7901;.</p><p>Steve Jobs &#273;&#227; l&#224;m g&#236;? &#212;ng kh&#244;ng thu&#234; th&#234;m k&#7929; s&#432; &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n. &#212;ng v&#7869; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c b&#7843;ng chia l&#224;m 4 &#244;:</p><ul><li><p>C&#7897;t: C&#225; nh&#226;n vs Chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p.</p></li><li><p>H&#224;ng: M&#225;y b&#224;n vs M&#225;y x&#225;ch tay.</p></li></ul><p>V&#224; &#244;ng tuy&#234;n b&#7889;: <em>&#8220;Ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; c&#7855;t b&#7887; to&#224;n b&#7897; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#225;c. Apple ch&#7881; t&#7853;p trung l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng 4 chi&#7871;c m&#225;y t&#237;nh xu&#7845;t s&#7855;c nh&#7845;t n&#7857;m trong 4 &#244; n&#224;y th&#244;i.&#8221;</em></p><pre><code><code>                 Consumer              Professional
            +-------------------+-------------------+
Desktop     |      iMac         |     Power Mac     |
            +-------------------+-------------------+
Portable    |     iBook         |    PowerBook      |
            +-------------------+-------------------+
</code></code></pre><p>&#212;ng &#273;&#227; khai t&#7917; chi&#7871;c PDA Newton huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i, d&#7865;p b&#7887; m&#7843;ng m&#225;y in, &#273;&#243;ng c&#7917;a c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh c&#7845;p ph&#233;p ch&#7841;y clone Mac OS. G&#7847;n 70% d&#7921; &#225;n ph&#7847;n c&#7913;ng v&#224; ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m c&#7911;a Apple b&#7883; v&#7913;t v&#224;o s&#7885;t r&#225;c ch&#7881; trong v&#224;i tu&#7847;n.</p><p>C&#7843; Thung l&#361;ng Silicon th&#7901;i &#273;&#243; ch&#7917;i Jobs l&#224; &#273;i&#234;n r&#7891;, l&#224; ph&#225; ho&#7841;i. Nh&#432;ng ch&#237;nh s&#7921; d&#361;ng c&#7843;m c&#7855;t b&#7887; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c, gi&#250;p Apple t&#7853;p trung tinh hoa &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o n&#234;n iMac, r&#7891;i iPod, iPhone nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7883;ch s&#7917; lo&#224;i ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>C&#7849;m nang sinh t&#7891;n cho PM: L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; L&#224;m nhanh, C&#7855;t nhanh?</strong></h2><p>N&#243;i th&#236; d&#7877;, nh&#432;ng khi &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i th&#7921;c t&#7871; chi&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng, l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t PM hay Founder c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7855;t b&#7887; s&#7845;m s&#233;t m&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m team hoang mang hay s&#7913;t m&#7867; t&#236;nh c&#7843;m?</p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; 3 &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t th&#7921;c chi&#7871;n m&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t v&#224; &#225;p d&#7909;ng cho c&#225;c d&#7921; &#225;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh:</p><h3><strong>1. Thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p Kill Criteria TR&#431;&#7898;C khi vi&#7871;t d&#242;ng code &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n</strong></h3><p>Sai l&#7847;m l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#225;c PM l&#224; ch&#7881; ch&#259;m ch&#259;m &#273;&#7863;t Success Metrics m&#224; l&#7901; &#273;i Failure Metrics.</p><p>Khi b&#7841;n v&#7869; spec cho m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng m&#7899;i, h&#227;y b&#7855;t c&#7843; team bao g&#7891;m c&#7843; Founder v&#224; Lead Dev ch&#7889;t v&#224;o m&#7897;t b&#7843;n giao k&#232;o: <strong>Ti&#234;u ch&#237; khai t&#7917; (Kill Criteria)</strong>. </p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: <em>&#8220;T&#237;nh n&#259;ng AI Magic Eraser n&#224;y sau khi launch 30 ng&#224;y, n&#7871;u Retention Rate D7 d&#432;&#7899;i 5%, ho&#7863;c l&#432;&#7907;ng user s&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n qu&#225; th&#7845;p, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; KHAI T&#7916; n&#243; ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o ng&#224;y th&#7913; 45. Kh&#244;ng t&#7889;i &#432;u th&#234;m, kh&#244;ng ng&#7909;y bi&#7879;n, kh&#244;ng gia h&#7841;n.&#8221;</em></p><p>Khi &#273;&#227; th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u, vi&#7879;c c&#7847;m k&#233;o c&#7855;t b&#7887; s&#7869; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh v&#7853;n h&#224;nh ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n (SOP), ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c chi&#7871;n c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p><h3><strong>2. Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng theo tri&#7871;t l&#253; Build to Kill.</strong></h3><p>Nhi&#7873;u startup g&#227;y c&#225;nh v&#236; code qu&#225; r&#7889;i r&#7855;m. T&#237;nh n&#259;ng A d&#237;nh ch&#7863;t v&#224;o t&#237;nh n&#259;ng B, t&#237;nh n&#259;ng B l&#7841;i c&#7855;m r&#7877; v&#224;o database l&#245;i. &#272;&#7871;n khi mu&#7889;n b&#7887; t&#237;nh n&#259;ng A th&#236; Dev kh&#243;c th&#233;t b&#7843;o: <em>&#8220;Anh &#417;i b&#7887; c&#225;i n&#224;y l&#224; s&#7853;p lu&#244;n c&#7843; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#7845;y!&#8221;</em>.</p><p>PM gi&#7887;i ph&#7843;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i Engineering Lead &#273;&#7875; th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t tri&#7871;t l&#253; ki&#7871;n tr&#250;c ph&#226;n t&#225;ch (Decoupled Architecture). </p><p>H&#227;y coi m&#7895;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng m&#7899;i nh&#432; m&#7897;t thi&#7871;t b&#7883; c&#7855;m ngo&#224;i. Khi c&#7847;n, ta ch&#7881; c&#7847;n r&#250;t ph&#237;ch c&#7855;m ra l&#224; xong, ph&#7847;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i c&#7911;a app v&#7851;n ch&#7841;y &#234;m ru. Vi&#7871;t code s&#7841;ch, c&#244; l&#7853;p database c&#7911;a c&#225;c t&#237;nh n&#259;ng th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m ch&#237;nh l&#224; c&#225;ch b&#7841;n chu&#7849;n b&#7883; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng lui cho m&#236;nh khi c&#7847;n th&#225;o ch&#7841;y.</p><h3><strong>3. Draft MVP Ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n s&#7921; th&#244; r&#225;p &#273;&#7875; test Market-Fit</strong></h3><p>Trong th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i AI n&#224;y, t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng tu&#7847;n. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n m&#7845;t 6 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh UX ho&#224;n h&#7843;o, v&#7869; 50 m&#224;n h&#236;nh Figma b&#243;ng b&#7849;y, vi&#7871;t &#273;&#7889;ng code t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a... th&#236; khi b&#7841;n ship &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng ra, &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; &#273;&#227; &#273;i tr&#432;&#7899;c b&#7841;n 3 b&#432;&#7899;c, v&#224; nhu c&#7847;u c&#7911;a user &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7893;i kh&#225;c.</p><p>H&#227;y chuy&#7875;n sang t&#432; duy Draft MVP nh&#432;ng ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng cao. H&#227;y ra m&#7855;t m&#7897;t phi&#234;n b&#7843;n th&#244; r&#225;p nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875;, th&#7853;m ch&#237; UI h&#417;i qu&#234; m&#7897;t t&#237;, t&#237;nh n&#259;ng ch&#7881; ch&#7841;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 80% tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p (B&#7855;t bu&#7897;c l&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#7895;i nghi&#234;m tr&#7885;ng). </p><p>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; &#273;&#432;a n&#243; ra &#225;nh s&#225;ng th&#7853;t nhanh &#273;&#7875; test xem user c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; th&#232;m kh&#225;t n&#243; kh&#244;ng. N&#7871;u h&#7885; th&#232;m kh&#225;t, h&#7885; s&#7869; la &#243; &#273;&#242;i b&#7841;n n&#226;ng c&#7845;p l&#250;c &#273;&#243; h&#227;y &#273;&#7855;p th&#234;m th&#7883;t, l&#224;m &#273;&#7865;p giao di&#7879;n. N&#7871;u h&#7885; ph&#7899;t l&#7901;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7871;t n&#243; ngay ng&#224;y mai m&#224; kh&#244;ng h&#7873; ti&#7871;c nu&#7889;i, b&#7903;i v&#236; b&#7841;n ch&#7881; m&#7845;t 3 ng&#224;y &#273;&#7875; build n&#243;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i 3 th&#225;ng!</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>&#129488; &#272;&#7915;ng &#273;&#7875; b&#7883; l&#7915;a b&#7903;i &#8220;Speed Delusion&#8221;</strong></h2><p>M&#7897;t l&#432;u &#253; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n nh&#7855;n nh&#7911; c&#225;c b&#7841;n PM v&#224; Founder tr&#7867;. C&#243; m&#7897;t ranh gi&#7899;i r&#7845;t mong manh gi&#7919;a &#8220;L&#224;m nhanh, c&#7855;t nhanh&#8221; v&#224; ch&#7841;y b&#7915;a ph&#225; ho&#7841;i.</p><p>Nhi&#7873;u startup Vi&#7879;t &#273;ang m&#7855;c ch&#7913;ng Speed Delusion (l&#7847;m t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7873; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897;). H&#7885; ngh&#297; m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#273;i nhanh v&#236; team s&#225;ng n&#224;o c&#361;ng h&#7885;p standup, PM v&#7869; spec s&#7845;p m&#7863;t, Dev code th&#226;u &#273;&#234;m su&#7889;t s&#225;ng, m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7849;y 2 b&#7843;n update l&#234;n store. Nh&#432;ng khi nh&#236;n l&#7841;i sau 1 n&#259;m, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#7851;n d&#7853;m ch&#226;n t&#7841;i ch&#7895;, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng v&#7851;n r&#7901;i b&#7887; app.</p><p>T&#7841;i sao?</p><p>B&#7903;i v&#236; h&#7885; &#273;ang ch&#7841;y h&#236; h&#7909;c tr&#234;n m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c m&#225;y ch&#7841;y b&#7897; &#273;&#7893; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u m&#7891; h&#244;i nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ti&#7871;n l&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n n&#224;o. H&#7885; ch&#7841;y nhanh nh&#432;ng m&#249; h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7885;ng l&#7841;i b&#224;i h&#7885;c g&#236;. C&#7913; nh&#7891;i nh&#233;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng v&#244; t&#7897;i v&#7841; l&#234;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, th&#7845;y kh&#244;ng ai x&#224;i l&#224; v&#7913;t &#273;i l&#224;m c&#225;i kh&#225;c m&#224; ch&#7859;ng bu&#7891;n m&#7893; x&#7867; l&#253; do th&#7845;t b&#7841;i.</p><p>&#8220;L&#224;m nhanh, c&#7855;t nhanh&#8221; ch&#7881; th&#7921;c s&#7921; ph&#225;t huy t&#225;c d&#7909;ng khi v&#242;ng l&#7863;p h&#7885;c h&#7887;i c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#361;ng ph&#7843;i nhanh. Khi khai t&#7917; m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng, c&#7843; team ph&#7843;i ng&#7891;i l&#7841;i l&#224;m m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i Post-mortem nghi&#234;m t&#250;c: <em>T&#7841;i sao user kh&#244;ng d&#249;ng? Gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t ban &#273;&#7847;u sai &#7903; &#273;&#226;u? L&#7847;n t&#7899;i l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng gi&#7851;m l&#7841;i v&#7871;t xe &#273;&#7893; n&#224;y?</em></p><p>V&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t: <strong>D&#249; c&#7855;m &#273;&#7847;u ch&#7841;y nhanh c&#7905; n&#224;o, c&#225;i b&#7841;n l&#224;m ra ph&#7843;i mang l&#7841;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t c&#7889;t l&#245;i.</strong></p><p>&#272;&#244;i khi, c&#225;i gu&#7891;ng quay &#273;i&#234;n cu&#7891;ng c&#7911;a ch&#7919; &#8220;nhanh&#8221; d&#7877; khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng. V&#7855;t ch&#226;n l&#234;n c&#7893; v&#7869; spec, nh&#7891;i nh&#233;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7889;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng l&#224;ng nh&#224;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i ph&#243;, &#273;&#7875; b&#225;o c&#225;o s&#7871;p, ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; tr&#7845;n an n&#7895;i s&#7907; t&#7909;t h&#7853;u. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224;m b&#225;n s&#7889;ng b&#225;n ch&#7871;t ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7867; ra nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; m&#224; &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; &#273;&#227; l&#224;m nhan nh&#7843;n (ho&#7863;c l&#224;m t&#7889;t h&#417;n), b&#7841;n th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t ch&#7881; &#273;ang ph&#243;ng xe &#7903; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; cao tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7865;p lao xu&#7889;ng v&#7921;c.</p><p>M&#7895;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ship &#273;i s&#7845;m s&#233;t ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; v&#224; ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng xoay quanh c&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#7889;t t&#7911;y: <em>N&#243; c&#243; l&#224;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t l&#253; do t&#7841;i sao s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t kh&#244;ng? N&#243; c&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t l&#7907;i th&#7871; &#273;&#7897;c b&#7843;n, m&#7897;t killer feature m&#224; &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; kh&#244;ng d&#7877; d&#224;ng b&#7855;t ch&#432;&#7899;c b&#7857;ng AI trong v&#224;i n&#7889;t nh&#7841;c kh&#244;ng?</em></p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#7841;y nhanh nh&#432;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m l&#224;m ra kh&#244;ng c&#243; b&#7845;t k&#7923; &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t n&#224;o mang l&#7841;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7853;t s&#7921;, b&#7841;n &#273;ang ch&#7841;y v&#244; h&#432;&#7899;ng. Nhanh l&#224; kim ch&#7881; nam, nh&#432;ng S&#7921; Kh&#225;c Bi&#7879;t &#272;&#7897;c B&#7843;n m&#7899;i l&#224; c&#225;i neo gi&#7919; v&#7883; th&#7871; s&#7889;ng c&#242;n c&#7911;a startup tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#7855;t b&#7887; m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng r&#250;t ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#224;i h&#7885;c n&#224;o, ho&#7863;c ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c c&#7855;m &#273;&#7847;u l&#224;m nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; v&#244; th&#432;&#7903;ng v&#244; ph&#7841;t, b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;ang l&#227;ng ph&#237; t&#224;i nguy&#234;n c&#7911;a startup m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nhanh h&#417;n &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; m&#224; th&#244;i.</p><h2><strong>L&#259;ng k&#237;nh t&#7915; chi&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng: L&#7889;i &#273;&#225;nh du k&#237;ch c&#7911;a Snapedit v&#224; 3 b&#224;i h&#7885;c &#8220;x&#432;&#417;ng m&#225;u&#8221;</strong></h2><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i v&#7899;i c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a Quang Founder c&#7911;a Snapedit. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n nh&#236;n v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c tri&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng to&#224;n c&#7847;u c&#7911;a Snapedit, b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t case study th&#224;nh c&#244;ng r&#7921;c r&#7905; c&#7911;a AI startup Vi&#7879;t. </p><p>Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7857;ng sau &#225;nh h&#224;o quang &#273;&#243;, c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#7903; h&#7853;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#224; Quang chia s&#7867; v&#7899;i m&#236;nh l&#7841;i l&#224; m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i nh&#7919;ng th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m tr&#7847;y vi tr&#243;c v&#7843;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i d&#7877; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; kinh nghi&#7879;m v&#224; t&#7915;ng tr&#7843;i.</p></div><p>Sau th&#224;nh c&#244;ng l&#7899;n c&#7911;a Snapedit, &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; c&#7911;a Quang kh&#244;ng d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i. H&#7885; li&#234;n t&#7909;c t&#236;m t&#242;i, m&#224;y m&#242;, x&#226;y d&#7921;ng v&#224; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m h&#224;ng lo&#7841;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng Product-Market Fit ti&#7871;p theo. &#431;u &#273;i&#7875;m l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&#224; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7921;c k&#7923; nhanh. Nh&#432;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng AI thay &#273;&#7893;i qu&#225; ch&#7899;p nho&#225;ng, v&#224; vi&#7879;c l&#7863;p l&#7841;i k&#7923; t&#237;ch &#273;&#243; l&#224; b&#224;i to&#225;n &#273;&#7847;y th&#7917; th&#225;ch. </p><p>N&#7871;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh nhanh th&#236; r&#245; r&#224;ng Quang v&#224; &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; <em>&#8220;&#272;&#225;nh tr&#7853;n du k&#237;ch v&#224; th&#7921;c d&#7909;ng.&#8221;</em></p><p>&#272;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7901;i nh&#7853;n x&#233;t ti&#234;u c&#7921;c, m&#224; l&#224; s&#7921; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh th&#7921;c t&#7871; kh&#7889;c li&#7879;t c&#7911;a chi&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng. &#7902; th&#7871; tr&#7853;n du k&#237;ch &#273;&#243;, Quang &#273;&#227; &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t ra nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i h&#7885;c s&#7889;ng c&#242;n m&#224; b&#7845;t k&#7923; PM hay Founder n&#224;o &#273;ang mu&#7889;n c&#432;&#7905;i s&#243;ng AI &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i thu&#7897;c n&#7857;m l&#242;ng. </p><h3><strong>1. C&#432;&#7905;i trend ng&#7855;n v&#224; UI/UX &#273;&#7865;p ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7891;i nh&#7917;, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i Product-Market Fit</strong></h3><p>Trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i AI, vi&#7879;c t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; giao di&#7879;n b&#7855;t m&#7855;t (Good UI/UX) v&#224; b&#7855;t k&#7883;p m&#7897;t tr&#224;o l&#432;u ch&#7881;nh &#7843;nh hay t&#7841;o avatar &#273;ang hot tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i l&#224; kh&#244;ng kh&#243;. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nhanh ch&#243;ng t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng c&#225;c tr&#224;o l&#432;u ng&#7855;n v&#224; UI/UX t&#7889;t n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ban &#273;&#7847;u acquire users.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng Quang nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh: <strong>Trend ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i cho Product-Market Fit.</strong> Khi c&#417;n s&#7889;t qua &#273;i, n&#7871;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#244;ng gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; th&#7921;c t&#7871;, l&#226;u d&#224;i v&#224; mang l&#7841;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7889;t l&#245;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng s&#7869; r&#7901;i &#273;i nhanh ch&#243;ng. &#272;&#7915;ng nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n gi&#7919;a s&#7921; b&#249;ng n&#7893; traffic nh&#7845;t th&#7901;i v&#7899;i m&#7897;t m&#244; h&#236;nh s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng.</p><h3><strong>2. S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897;c b&#7843;n l&#224; C&#7917;a th&#7855;ng l&#224; ch&#236;a kh&#243;a sinh t&#7891;n</strong></h3><p>Khi th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#7853;p tr&#224;n c&#225;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng &#8220;b&#236;nh m&#7899;i r&#432;&#7907;u c&#361;&#8221; clone t&#7915; API c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#244;ng l&#7899;n c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, c&#226;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t m&#224; Founder v&#224; PM ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; l&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7855;t tay l&#224;m l&#224;: <em>S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#224;y c&#243; &#273;&#7911; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#224; c&#243; c&#7917;a th&#7855;ng hay kh&#244;ng?</em></p><p>N&#7871;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t t&#7841;o ra gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7897;c b&#7843;n, n&#243; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng. Quang chia s&#7867; m&#7897;t nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c r&#7845;t th&#7921;c t&#7871;: <strong>N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng nh&#236;n th&#7845;y c&#7917;a th&#7855;ng r&#245; r&#224;ng sau v&#224;i l&#7847;n th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, h&#227;y d&#361;ng c&#7843;m khai t&#7917; n&#243; ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c.</strong> C&#7889; ch&#7845;p n&#237;u k&#233;o m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thi&#7871;u b&#7843;n s&#7855;c ch&#7881; l&#224;m ti&#234;u hao ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a startup.</p><h3><strong>3. T&#7921; ch&#7911; c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; t&#7889;i &#273;a &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u chi ph&#237; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh AI</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y c&#243; l&#7869; l&#224; b&#224;i h&#7885;c th&#7921;c t&#7871; nh&#7845;t trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh c&#225;c AI startup &#273;ang ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i h&#243;a &#273;&#417;n v&#7853;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7855;t &#273;&#7887;. &#272;&#7875; s&#7889;ng s&#243;t l&#226;u d&#224;i, tri&#7871;t l&#253; c&#7911;a Quang l&#224; <strong>t&#7921; ch&#7911; t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#225;c h&#7841;ng m&#7909;c t&#7889;n k&#233;m chi ph&#237;.</strong></p><p>Thay v&#236; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o vi&#7879;c g&#7885;i c&#225;c API &#273;&#7855;t &#273;&#7887; ra c&#225;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; AI b&#234;n ngo&#224;i, team t&#7853;p trung n&#226;ng cao n&#259;ng l&#7921;c qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; chi ph&#237; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng AI. H&#7885; t&#236;m c&#225;ch t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a t&#224;i nguy&#234;n, t&#7921; l&#224;m ch&#7911; m&#244; h&#236;nh v&#224; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; t&#7889;i &#273;a vi&#7879;c g&#7885;i API ra ngo&#224;i &#273;&#7875; duy tr&#236; s&#7921; t&#7921; ch&#7911; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh t&#7889;i &#273;a. Trong l&#7889;i &#273;&#225;nh du k&#237;ch, gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u chi ph&#237; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh ch&#237;nh l&#224; k&#233;o d&#224;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7841;y &#273;&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c t&#236;m ki&#7871;m c&#417; h&#7897;i l&#7899;n ti&#7871;p theo.</p><div><hr></div><blockquote><p><strong>Trong k&#7927; nguy&#234;n bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng n&#224;y, t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#7867; ra s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#7899;i ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t n&#7917;a ph&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh. N&#7917;a c&#242;n l&#7841;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7889;ng ch&#7871;t ch&#237;nh l&#224; d&#361;ng kh&#237; tr&#7843;m nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; v&#244; d&#7909;ng. H&#227;y gi&#7919; cho s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#7853;t tinh g&#7885;n &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; xoay tr&#7909;c s&#7845;m s&#233;t khi th&#7901;i c&#417; &#273;&#7871;n.</strong></p></blockquote><p></p><p><strong>B&#7841;n ngh&#297; sao?</strong> Trong app hay s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#7841;n &#273;ang qu&#7843;n l&#253; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i, c&#243; bao nhi&#234;u t&#237;nh n&#259;ng Zombie &#273;ang &#226;m th&#7847;m h&#250;t m&#225;u team c&#7911;a b&#7841;n m&#224; b&#7841;n ch&#432;a d&#225;m c&#7847;m dao &#273;&#7875; c&#7855;t? B&#7841;n &#273;ang gi&#7919; n&#243; l&#7841;i v&#236; l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, hay ch&#7881; v&#236; c&#225;i t&#244;i v&#224; n&#7895;i s&#7907; &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i th&#7845;t b&#7841;i c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh?</p><p><em>Ch&#250;c c&#225;c b&#7841;n lu&#244;n t&#7881;nh t&#225;o v&#224; quy&#7871;t &#273;o&#225;n tr&#234;n chi&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng Product.</em></p><p><strong>T.D, </strong></p><p><strong>T7.2026</strong></p><blockquote><p>P/s : Seri B&#224;i vi&#7871;t c&#7911;a<a href="https://blog.datht.com/t/the-founders-lens"> the-founders-lens</a> l&#224; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t d&#7841;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n t&#7915; c&#225;c chia s&#7869; c&#225; nh&#226;n trong ph&#7841;m vi bu&#7893;i chia s&#7869; cho n&#7897;i b&#7897; team m&#236;nh v&#224; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c nh&#7853;n chia s&#7869; l&#234;n Blog. C&#225;c tr&#237;ch d&#7851;n c&#225;c view c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#234;u t&#234;n chia s&#7869; trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n th&#236; c&#7847;n/n&#234;n c&#243; x&#225;c nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh c&#225;c g&#243;c nh&#236;n sai l&#7879;ch. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho m&#7909;c ti&#234;u t&#7841;o ra g&#243;c nh&#236;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; cho c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng Product Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p></blockquote><p>Next : <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-founders-lens-2-su-troi-day-ai">The Founder&#8217;s Lens #2 [Founder Alpha Asimov / Ex Ceo Grab VN / VinID]: S&#7921; tr&#7895;i d&#7853;y c&#7911;a App d&#249;ng 1 l&#7847;n v&#224; Quy&#7873;n l&#7921;c c&#7911;a Solo Founder.</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Datht's Reflections ! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #8: Data-Driven Delusion Khi Dashboard đẹp giết chết trực giác. ]]></title><description><![CDATA[PM n&#224;o c&#361;ng khoe Data-Driven Decision Making. Nh&#432;ng khi c&#243; 50 dashboards m&#224; kh&#244;ng ai nh&#236;n, v&#224; m&#7895;i A/B test m&#7845;t 2 tu&#7847;n trong khi &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; ship xong r&#7891;i th&#236; Data-Driven hay Data-Drowned?]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-8-data-driven-delusion</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-8-data-driven-delusion</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2026 07:18:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>N&#7871;u Henry Ford h&#7887;i data, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta s&#7869; b&#7843;o h&#7885; mu&#7889;n m&#7897;t con ng&#7921;a nhanh h&#417;n ch&#7913; l&#224;m g&#236; c&#243; xe &#244;t&#244;. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; n&#7871;u PM 2026 h&#7887;i dashboard, dashboard s&#7869; b&#7843;o h&#227;y &#273;&#7893;i m&#224;u n&#250;t CTA t&#7915; xanh sang &#273;&#7887; v&#224; c&#225;c ti&#7875;u ti&#7871;t nh&#7887; l&#7867;.</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:368769,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/198809032?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iH2J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94e1a5af-91ea-4994-9820-01c4c698b8f5_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t c&#7843;nh t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#224; m&#236;nh g&#7863;p &#273;i g&#7863;p l&#7841;i &#7903; c&#225;c startup &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c nh&#224;m. &#272;&#226;y, di&#7877;n ra y chang m&#7895;i l&#7847;n:</p><p>Bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng th&#7913; Ba. Ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p Product Review. PM m&#7903; m&#224;n h&#236;nh laptop, chi&#7871;u l&#234;n t&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;i dashboard &#273;&#7847;y &#7855;p bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. Funnel xanh &#273;&#7887; v&#224;ng t&#237;m. Cohort analysis 12 tu&#7847;n. Heatmap click. Session recording. &#272;&#7865;p lung linh nh&#432; m&#7897;t t&#225;c ph&#7849;m ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t tr&#7915;u t&#432;&#7907;ng.</p><p>CEO nh&#236;n 30 gi&#226;y r&#7891;i h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;V&#7853;y t&#237;nh n&#259;ng m&#7899;i m&#236;nh n&#234;n l&#224;m g&#236;?&#8221;</em></p><p>PM: <em>&#8220;D&#7841;... em c&#7847;n ch&#7841;y th&#234;m A/B test &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;t &#7841;.&#8221;</em></p><p>A/B test ch&#7841;y 3 tu&#7847;n. K&#7871;t qu&#7843;: variant A th&#7855;ng variant B v&#7899;i confidence 87%. PM report l&#234;n s&#7871;p. S&#7871;p h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;87% c&#243; &#273;&#7911; kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</em> PM &#7845;p &#250;ng. Ch&#7841;y th&#234;m 2 tu&#7847;n. Confidence l&#234;n 93%. Ship variant A.</p><p>T&#7893;ng th&#7901;i gian t&#7915; c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#7871;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh: <strong>5 tu&#7847;n.</strong> Cho m&#7897;t c&#225;i n&#250;t thay &#273;&#7893;i m&#224;u.</p><p>Trong khi &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; kh&#244;ng c&#243; dashboard n&#224;o c&#7843;, nh&#432;ng founder c&#7911;a h&#7885; ng&#7891;i qu&#225;n c&#224; ph&#234; n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n v&#7899;i 10 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, r&#7891;i v&#7873; ship m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng m&#7899;i trong 1 tu&#7847;n. T&#237;nh n&#259;ng &#273;&#243; &#259;n &#273;&#7913;t c&#225;i n&#250;t &#273;&#7893;i m&#224;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p>M&#236;nh g&#7885;i hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y l&#224; <strong>Dashboard Theater</strong> x&#226;y dashboard &#273;&#7875; show s&#7871;p, &#273;&#7875; ch&#7913;ng minh team em data-driven l&#7855;m, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh. V&#224; n&#243; &#273;ang gi&#7871;t ch&#7871;t r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Theory: &#8220;In God We Trust, All Others Bring Data&#8221;</strong></h2><p>C&#226;u n&#243;i huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#225;n cho W. Edwards Deming &#273;&#227; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh t&#244;n ch&#7881; c&#7911;a ng&#224;nh PM hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i. &#221; t&#432;&#7903;ng r&#7845;t &#273;&#7865;p: thay v&#236; d&#7921;a v&#224;o c&#7843;m t&#237;nh hay &#253; ki&#7871;n s&#7871;p (HiPPO callback <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams">T&#7853;p #3</a></strong>), h&#227;y d&#7921;a v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;ch quan. Ch&#7841;y test, &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng, r&#7891;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><p>C&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o PM h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u Reforge, Product School, ngay c&#7843; ch&#7913;ng ch&#7881; Mixpanel PAC &#273;&#7873;u nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh:</p><ol><li><p>M&#7885;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#234;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n data.</p></li><li><p>A/B test l&#224; gold standard &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p.</p></li><li><p>X&#226;y dashboard &#273;&#7875; track metrics li&#234;n t&#7909;c.</p></li><li><p>&#8220;If you can&#8217;t measure it, you can&#8217;t improve it.&#8221;</p></li></ol><p>&#7902; Google, Facebook n&#417;i c&#243; h&#224;ng t&#7927; user, h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u data points m&#7895;i gi&#226;y tri&#7871;t l&#253; n&#224;y ch&#7841;y ngon l&#224; chu&#7849;n. M&#7897;t thay &#273;&#7893;i nh&#7887; tr&#234;n newsfeed Facebook &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng 3 t&#7927; ng&#432;&#7901;i. B&#7841;n PH&#7842;I test tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ship. &#272;&#243; l&#224; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i tri&#7871;t l&#253; kh&#7881; g&#236;.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng khi tri&#7871;t l&#253; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c photocopy v&#224; d&#225;n v&#224;o m&#7897;t startup VN 500 DAU th&#236; sao?</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Breaking Point: B&#7889;n c&#225;i b&#7851;y c&#7911;a &#8220;Data-Driven&#8221; &#7903; th&#7921;c t&#7871; VN</strong></h2><h3><strong>B&#7851;y 1: Streetlight Effect Ch&#7881; &#273;o c&#225;i d&#7877; &#273;o</strong></h3><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng: &#272;&#234;m khuya, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i say r&#432;&#7907;u b&#242; d&#432;&#7899;i c&#7897;t &#273;&#232;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#236;m ch&#236;a kh&#243;a. C&#7843;nh s&#225;t h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;Anh &#273;&#225;nh r&#417;i ch&#236;a kh&#243;a &#7903; &#273;&#226;y &#224;?&#8221;</em> Anh say l&#7855;c &#273;&#7847;u: <em>&#8220;Kh&#244;ng, &#273;&#225;nh r&#417;i &#7903; b&#234;n kia &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng. Nh&#432;ng b&#234;n kia t&#7889;i qu&#225;, t&#236;m &#7903; &#273;&#226;y s&#225;ng h&#417;n.&#8221;</em></p><p>PM VN &#273;ang l&#224;m y chang. &#272;o pageview, &#273;o click, &#273;o DAU, &#273;o bounce rate v&#236; m&#7845;y c&#225;i n&#224;y c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; cho s&#7861;n, b&#7853;t l&#234;n l&#224; th&#7845;y. Nh&#432;ng nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; quan tr&#7885;ng th&#7853;t s&#7921; customer trust, delight, long-term brand perception, real willingness to pay th&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#243; dashboard n&#224;o &#273;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. V&#224; v&#236; kh&#244;ng &#273;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#234;n gi&#7843; v&#7901; n&#243; kh&#244;ng t&#7891;n t&#7841;i.</p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;? PM t&#7889;i &#432;u cho click, t&#7889;i &#432;u cho conversion nh&#7887; l&#7867;, nh&#432;ng b&#7913;c tranh l&#7899;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; th&#7853;t s&#7921; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7895;i &#273;au c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng th&#236; kh&#244;ng ai tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. B&#7841;n bi&#7871;t ch&#237;nh x&#225;c bao nhi&#234;u % user click v&#224;o n&#250;t &#8220;Mua ngay&#8221; nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t t&#7841;i sao h&#7885; click r&#7891;i l&#7841;i tho&#225;t. Data cho b&#7841;n c&#225;i &#8220;What&#8221; nh&#432;ng hi&#7871;m khi cho b&#7841;n c&#225;i &#8220;Why.&#8221;</p><h3><strong>B&#7851;y 2: A/B Test m&#7885;i th&#7913; = t&#234; li&#7879;t quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh</strong></h3><p>A/B test c&#7847;n hai &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#417; b&#7843;n: <strong>traffic &#273;&#7911; l&#7899;n</strong> v&#224; <strong>th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7911; d&#224;i</strong> &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t statistical significance (&#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234;). &#7902; Google v&#7899;i 8 t&#7927; searches/ng&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; A/B test trong v&#224;i gi&#7901;.</p><p>&#7902; startup VN 500 DAU? Ch&#7841;y A/B test, chia 50/50, m&#7895;i b&#234;n 250 user. Mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7841;t 95% confidence cho m&#7897;t c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n 5% conversion? B&#7841;n c&#7847;n ch&#7841;y <strong>4-8 tu&#7847;n</strong> t&#249;y baseline conversion rate.</p><p>B&#7889;n tu&#7847;n. Cho m&#7897;t c&#225;i thay &#273;&#7893;i UI. Trong khi th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng VN thay &#273;&#7893;i h&#224;ng ng&#224;y.</p><p>M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng th&#7845;y m&#7897;t team m&#7845;t 6 tu&#7847;n A/B test v&#7883; tr&#237; &#273;&#7863;t n&#250;t &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; tr&#234;n landing page. S&#225;u tu&#7847;n. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng: variant A th&#7855;ng variant B... 2.3%. V&#7899;i 500 users, s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#243; n&#7857;m ho&#224;n to&#224;n trong bi&#234;n sai s&#7889; (margin of error). N&#243; l&#224; <strong>noise</strong>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i signal. Nh&#432;ng PM v&#7851;n t&#7921; h&#224;o report: <em>&#8220;A/B test ch&#7913;ng minh variant A t&#7889;t h&#417;n.&#8221;</em></p><p>&#272;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i data-driven. &#272;&#243; l&#224; <strong>confirmation bias</strong> m&#7863;c &#225;o khoa h&#7885;c.</p><h3><strong>B&#7851;y 3: Dashboard Overload 50 bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, 0 insight</strong></h3><p>M&#236;nh hay h&#7887;i PM trong c&#225;c bu&#7893;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n: <em>&#8220;M&#7895;i s&#225;ng th&#7913;c d&#7853;y, em m&#7903; dashboard n&#224;o &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n?&#8221;</em></p><p>80% tr&#7843; l&#7901;i: <em>&#8220;Em m&#7903; t&#7845;t c&#7843;.&#8221;</em></p><blockquote><p><em><strong>&#8220;M&#7903; t&#7845;t c&#7843; ngh&#297;a l&#224; em kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t c&#225;i n&#224;o quan tr&#7885;ng.&#8221;</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t startup m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t team Product 5 ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7903; h&#7919;u 47 dashboards tr&#234;n Mixpanel, Google Analytics, Hotjar, v&#224; Amplitude. B&#7889;n m&#432;&#417;i b&#7843;y c&#225;i. M&#7895;i tu&#7847;n product review, PM chi&#7871;u 15-20 bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; kh&#225;c nhau. CEO ng&#7891;i nghe, g&#7853;t g&#249;, cu&#7889;i bu&#7893;i h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;V&#7853;y tu&#7847;n n&#224;y m&#236;nh c&#7847;n l&#224;m g&#236;?&#8221;</em> V&#224; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7841;i nh&#236;n nhau.</p><p>Dashboard nhi&#7873;u &#8800; insight nhi&#7873;u. Th&#432;&#7901;ng th&#236; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i. C&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u dashboard, n&#227;o b&#7897; c&#224;ng b&#7883; qu&#225; t&#7843;i (information overload), v&#224; con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng <strong>cherry-pick</strong> c&#225;i dashboard n&#224;o confirm ni&#7873;m tin s&#7861;n c&#243; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. T&#236;m data &#7911;ng h&#7897; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#227; c&#243; s&#7861;n trong &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#243; l&#224; Confirmation Bias kinh &#273;i&#7875;n.</p><h3><strong>B&#7851;y 4: Data nh&#236;n v&#7873; qu&#225; kh&#7913;, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ph&#7843;i nh&#236;n v&#7873; t&#432;&#417;ng lai</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;i b&#7851;y s&#226;u nh&#7845;t. Data t&#7845;t c&#7843; data l&#224; &#7843;nh ch&#7909;p c&#7911;a qu&#225; kh&#7913;. N&#243; cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t <strong>chuy&#7879;n g&#236; &#273;&#227; x&#7843;y ra</strong>. N&#243; kh&#244;ng cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t chuy&#7879;n g&#236; <strong>s&#7869; x&#7843;y ra</strong>.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng ai A/B test &#273;&#432;&#7907;c iPhone tr&#432;&#7899;c khi Steve Jobs t&#7841;o ra n&#243;. Kh&#244;ng ai survey &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhu c&#7847;u g&#7885;i xe qua app tr&#432;&#7899;c khi Uber xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n. Kh&#244;ng dashboard n&#224;o predict &#273;&#432;&#7907;c TikTok s&#7869; gi&#7871;t Facebook &#7903; t&#7879;p Gen Z.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#7897;t ph&#225; nh&#7845;t l&#7883;ch s&#7917; kh&#244;ng sinh ra t&#7915; data. Ch&#250;ng sinh ra t&#7915; <strong>tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trui r&#232;n</strong> kh&#7843; n&#259;ng nh&#236;n th&#7845;y pattern m&#224; data ch&#432;a capture &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Data confirm nh&#7919;ng g&#236; b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t. Intuition reveal nh&#7919;ng g&#236; b&#7841;n ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t.</p><p>V&#224; &#7903; VN, n&#417;i s&#7871;p ch&#7881; tin data nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i ch&#7885;n data theo &#253; m&#236;nh callback <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams">T&#7853;p #3</a></strong>), PM m&#7845;t d&#7847;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#243;. H&#7885; kh&#244;ng d&#225;m &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t b&#7845;t k&#7923; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; data ch&#7889;ng l&#432;ng. V&#224; c&#225;i data ch&#7889;ng l&#432;ng &#273;&#243;, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p &#253; s&#7871;p, c&#361;ng b&#7883; g&#7841;t ph&#7855;t. V&#7853;y data d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;?</p><div><hr></div><blockquote><p><em><strong>M&#236;nh th&#250; th&#7853;t: h&#7891;i m&#7899;i v&#224;o ngh&#7873;, m&#236;nh c&#361;ng nghi&#7879;n data. M&#7903; Data m&#7895;i s&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi u&#7889;ng c&#224; ph&#234;. Nh&#236;n retention curve l&#234;n xu&#7889;ng m&#224; tim &#273;&#7853;p nh&#432; xem World Cup s&#7855;p &#273;&#7871;n. &#272;&#7871;n khi m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra: con s&#7889; tr&#234;n dashboard kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ngo&#224;i kia m&#7899;i l&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. V&#224; mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u h&#7885;, &#273;&#244;i khi ph&#7843;i t&#7855;t laptop, &#273;i ra &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng, v&#224; h&#7887;i th&#7859;ng.</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-8-data-driven-delusion?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Datht's Reflections ! This post is public so feel free to share it.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-8-data-driven-delusion?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-8-data-driven-delusion?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Patch: &#8220;Data-Informed, Intuition-Calibrated&#8221; Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i Data-Driven c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i Gut-Feeling</strong></h2><p>M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng khuy&#234;n v&#7913;t data &#273;i. Data l&#224; v&#361; kh&#237; c&#7921;c m&#7841;nh khi d&#249;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch. C&#225;i m&#236;nh b&#7843;o v&#7913;t &#273;i l&#224; &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng r&#7857;ng data s&#7869; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh thay b&#7841;n. Data <strong>inform</strong> cung c&#7845;p th&#244;ng tin. B&#7841;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh. Hai vi&#7879;c kh&#225;c nhau.</p><h3><strong>1. &#8220;Minimum Viable Dashboard&#8221; 3 metrics, kh&#244;ng h&#417;n</strong></h3><p>M&#7895;i team, m&#7895;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, t&#7841;i m&#7895;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n theo d&#245;i <strong>3 core metrics</strong>. Ba th&#244;i. B&#7841;n c&#7847;n ch&#7885;n:</p><ul><li><p><strong>1 metric &#273;o Health:</strong> S&#7913;c kh&#7887;e s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m (v&#237; d&#7909;: Weekly Active Users ho&#7863;c Organic Retention D7).</p></li><li><p><strong>1 metric &#273;o Growth:</strong> T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n (v&#237; d&#7909;: New sign-ups/week ho&#7863;c Activation rate).</p></li><li><p><strong>1 metric &#273;o Money:</strong> Ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n (v&#237; d&#7909;: MRR ho&#7863;c Contribution Margin per transaction &#8212; callback <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-4-growth-hacking">T&#7853;p #4</a></strong>).</p></li></ul><p>T&#7845;t c&#7843; 44 dashboards c&#242;n l&#7841;i? Archive. Ch&#7881; m&#7903; khi c&#7847;n <strong>deep dive</strong> m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7909; th&#7875;. Dashboard h&#224;ng ng&#224;y = 3 con s&#7889; tr&#234;n 1 trang. M&#7903; l&#234;n, nh&#236;n 10 gi&#226;y, bi&#7871;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#7893;n hay kh&#244;ng. Xong. &#272;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c th&#7853;t.</p><h3><strong>2. Ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh: Reversible vs. Irreversible</strong></h3><p>Jeff Bezos ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t 2 lo&#7841;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Type 1 (C&#7917;a m&#7897;t chi&#7873;u / Irreversible):</strong> M&#7897;t khi &#273;i qua, kh&#244;ng quay l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. V&#237; d&#7909;: Pivot to&#224;n b&#7897; business model. &#272;&#243;ng c&#7917;a product line. Merger.</p></li><li><p><strong>Type 2 (C&#7917;a hai chi&#7873;u / Reversible):</strong> &#272;i qua r&#7891;i kh&#244;ng &#7893;n th&#236; quay l&#7841;i. V&#237; d&#7909;: Thay &#273;&#7893;i UI, th&#7917; pricing m&#7899;i, launch feature nh&#7887;.</p></li></ul><p><strong>Quy t&#7855;c:</strong> Type 2 &#8594; quy&#7871;t nhanh, d&#249;ng intuition + lightweight data (xem 3 metrics), ship r&#7891;i observe. KH&#212;NG c&#7847;n A/B test. Type 1 &#8594; research s&#226;u, h&#7887;i user, xem data k&#7929;, th&#7853;m ch&#237; ch&#7841;y pre-mortem (callback b&#224;i <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/pre-mortem-kham-nghiem-san-pham-ngay">Pre-mortem</a></strong>).</p><p>80% quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh PM ph&#7843;i ra h&#224;ng ng&#224;y l&#224; Type 2. Nh&#432;ng v&#236; nghi&#7879;n data-driven n&#234;n PM VN &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917; v&#7899;i Type 2 nh&#432; Type 1 A/B test m&#7885;i th&#7913;, delay m&#7885;i th&#7913;, ship c&#225;i g&#236; c&#361;ng m&#7845;t 2 th&#225;ng. &#272;&#7889;i th&#7911; ship 5 features trong khi b&#7841;n v&#7851;n &#273;ang ch&#7901; A/B test c&#225;i n&#250;t.</p><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp" width="442" height="510.60714285714283" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1682,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:442,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Everything Claude Shipped in 2026: The Complete Guide&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Everything Claude Shipped in 2026: The Complete Guide" title="Everything Claude Shipped in 2026: The Complete Guide" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QCuk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffb5cc126-441e-4ea5-9f25-859a4f8cb5fc_1456x1682.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><h3><strong>3. Hypothesis First Vi&#7871;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t TR&#431;&#7898;C khi m&#7903; data</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ch&#7889;ng Confirmation Bias hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#7845;t. Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi m&#7903; b&#7845;t k&#7923; dashboard n&#224;o, h&#227;y vi&#7871;t ra:</p><ul><li><p><em>&#8220;M&#236;nh tin r&#7857;ng [X] &#273;ang x&#7843;y ra v&#236; [Y].&#8221;</em></p></li><li><p><em>&#8220;N&#7871;u &#273;&#250;ng, m&#236;nh s&#7869; th&#7845;y [metric Z] c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; [kho&#7843;ng n&#224;o].&#8221;</em></p></li><li><p><em>&#8220;N&#7871;u sai, m&#236;nh s&#7869; th&#7845;y [metric Z] c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; [kho&#7843;ng n&#224;o].&#8221;</em></p></li></ul><p>Vi&#7871;t xong r&#7891;i M&#7898;I m&#7903; data. C&#225;ch n&#224;y &#233;p b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i suy ngh&#297; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi nh&#236;n s&#7889; thay v&#236; nh&#236;n s&#7889; r&#7891;i m&#7899;i b&#7883;a ra narrative cho kh&#7899;p. Teresa Torres g&#7885;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; Compare and Contrast v&#224; &#273;&#243; l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng PM m&#224; kh&#244;ng tool analytics n&#224;o d&#7841;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><h3><strong>4. M&#7895;i qu&#253;: 1 ng&#224;y Data Detox t&#7855;t h&#7871;t dashboard, &#273;i g&#7863;p user</strong></h3><p>C&#225;i n&#224;y nghe bu&#7891;n c&#432;&#7901;i nh&#432;ng nghi&#234;m t&#250;c. M&#7895;i qu&#253;, d&#224;nh nguy&#234;n 1 ng&#224;y t&#7855;t h&#7871;t Mixpanel, Amplitude, GA. Ra qu&#225;n c&#224; ph&#234;. G&#7885;i 5-10 user th&#7853;t. Ng&#7891;i xu&#7889;ng. H&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;K&#7875; cho m&#236;nh nghe c&#225;i l&#250;c cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng em m&#7903; app c&#7911;a t&#7909;i m&#236;nh. Em &#273;ang l&#224;m g&#236;? Em c&#7843;m th&#7845;y sao?&#8221;</em></p><p>C&#225;i insight b&#7841;n nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; 30 ph&#250;t ng&#7891;i nghe m&#7897;t user k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#244;i khi gi&#225; tr&#7883; h&#417;n 3 th&#225;ng nh&#236;n dashboard. V&#236; user s&#7869; cho b&#7841;n c&#225;i <strong>&#8220;Why&#8221;</strong> th&#7913; m&#224; Data kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; cho.</p><div><hr></div><p>&#272;i qua 8 t&#7853;p <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/t/the-reality-check">Reality Check</a></strong>, c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7907;i ch&#7881; &#273;&#7887; xuy&#234;n su&#7889;t: ch&#250;ng ta r&#7845;t gi&#7887;i copy c&#244;ng c&#7909; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; T&#226;y/T&#224;u nh&#432;ng r&#7845;t t&#7879; trong vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u <strong>b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh</strong> m&#224; c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871;. PMF, Retention Loop, Empowered Teams, Growth Hacking, Agile, OKR, PLG, v&#224; b&#226;y gi&#7901; l&#224; Data-Driven t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng framework tuy&#7879;t v&#7901;i. </p><ul><li><p>&#7902; &#273;&#250;ng b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh. </p></li><li><p>V&#7899;i &#273;&#250;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n. </p></li><li><p>Cho &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng.</p></li></ul><p>C&#244;ng c&#7909; kh&#244;ng t&#7889;t kh&#244;ng x&#7845;u. C&#225;i t&#7889;t x&#7845;u n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n c&#243; &#273;&#7911; t&#7881;nh t&#225;o &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;t khi n&#224;o n&#234;n d&#249;ng n&#243;, v&#224; khi n&#224;o n&#234;n v&#7913;t n&#243; v&#224;o s&#7885;t r&#225;c &#273;&#7875; tin v&#224;o tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c luy&#7879;n t&#7853;p qua h&#224;ng ng&#224;n gi&#7901; ng&#7891;i v&#7899;i user th&#7853;t v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#7853;t.</p><p>B&#7841;n l&#224; PM. C&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; nh&#236;n dashboard. C&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; <strong>ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh</strong>. Dashboard ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nhi&#7873;u input. V&#224; &#273;&#244;i khi, input quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m tr&#234;n m&#224;n h&#236;nh n&#243; n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#225;i nh&#237;u m&#224;y c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng khi d&#249;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p><em>Tu&#7847;n t&#7899;i l&#224; ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; b&#224;n: Reality Check #9  AI Orchestrator. Khi AI agent l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 80% c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c Process PM, th&#236; PM c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;? &#272;&#226;y s&#7869; l&#224; b&#224;i quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t tuy&#7871;n b&#224;i n&#224;y m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n chia s&#7869; v&#7899;i b&#7841;n. </em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Datht's Reflections ! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><p>T.D, </p><p>T6.2026</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[PM 35 tuổi : Career Path Analysis Sự thật về khủng hoảng tuổi trung niên ngành Tech. ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Data cho th&#7845;y m&#7897;t th&#7921;c t&#7871; h&#417;i t&#7879;: &#273;a ph&#7847;n PM &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ch&#7919;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; k&#7865;t c&#7913;ng &#7903; mid-level khi ch&#7841;m m&#7889;c 35 tu&#7893;i. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; h&#7885; d&#7903;, m&#224; v&#236; h&#7885; &#273;ang leo nh&#7847;m c&#225;i thang.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/pm-35-tuoi-career-path-analysis-su</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/pm-35-tuoi-career-path-analysis-su</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 03:35:58 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>Em 34 tu&#7893;i, l&#224;m PM &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 8 n&#259;m. L&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i 7X tri&#7879;u. Nh&#432;ng d&#7841;o n&#224;y c&#244;ng ty c&#7855;t gi&#7843;m, nh&#236;n sang tr&#225;i to&#224;n m&#7845;y b&#7841;n Gen Z 22-24 tu&#7893;i l&#224;m nhanh nh&#432; m&#225;y, c&#224;y ng&#224;y c&#224;y &#273;&#234;m. Nh&#236;n l&#234;n tr&#234;n th&#236; gh&#7871; Head of Product ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t v&#224; &#244;ng s&#7871;p m&#7899;i 32 tu&#7893;i. Em &#273;ang t&#7921; h&#7887;i: 3 n&#259;m n&#7919;a t&#244;i s&#7869; &#273;&#7913;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;u?&#8221;</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:286825,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/200266905?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rXmt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0b8907a-554b-41d7-ab98-cc25b4b24306_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; t&#226;m s&#7921; m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; m&#7897;t b&#7841;n PM Senior tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; l&#7841;. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#234;n c&#225;c di&#7877;n &#273;&#224;n r&#244;m r&#7843; nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a d&#226;n tech, &#8220;kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng tu&#7893;i 35&#8221; l&#224; keyword l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i.</p><p>C&#225;c b&#225;o c&#225;o to&#224;n c&#7847;u ch&#7881; ra &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t Product Manager &#7903; M&#7929;/Ch&#226;u &#194;u r&#417;i v&#224;o kho&#7843;ng 39-40 tu&#7893;i. &#7902; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i &#273;&#243;, h&#7885; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; &#273;&#7897; ch&#237;n c&#7911;a s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p <strong>&#8221;Tech Sage Age&#8221;</strong>. Nh&#432;ng &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam m&#7897;t th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng tech c&#7921;c k&#7923; non tr&#7867; v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i trung b&#236;nh nh&#226;n s&#7921; ch&#7881; loanh quanh 25-28 th&#236; 35 tu&#7893;i t&#7921; nhi&#234;n bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh m&#7897;t c&#225;i d&#7899;p.</p><p>L&#224;n s&#243;ng sa th&#7843;i n&#259;m 2023-2024 &#273;&#227; l&#7897;t tr&#7847;n m&#7897;t s&#7921; th&#7853;t t&#224;n kh&#7889;c: khi c&#244;ng ty c&#7841;n ti&#7873;n, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7877; b&#7883; &#273;&#432;a l&#234;n th&#7899;t nh&#7845;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7845;y b&#7841;n Fresher l&#432;&#417;ng th&#7845;p, m&#224; ch&#237;nh l&#224; t&#7847;ng l&#7899;p <strong>&#8220;Middle Management&#8221;</strong> nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang h&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng Senior nh&#432;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7921;c t&#7871; mang l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng v&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7897;i h&#417;n m&#7897;t b&#7841;n Junior &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trang b&#7883; AI.</p><p>Th&#7921;c t&#7871; data t&#7915; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng tuy&#7875;n d&#7909;ng cho th&#7845;y: <strong>h&#417;n 70% PM &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam b&#7883; k&#7865;t &#7903; level Senior/Mid-level khi b&#432;&#7899;c qua tu&#7893;i 35.</strong></p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>Theo m&#7897;t kh&#7843;o s&#225;t n&#7897;i b&#7897; t&#7915; m&#7897;t c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng Product n&#259;m 2025 (v&#7899;i h&#417;n 1.000 m&#7851;u), k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; <strong>LinkedIn Workforce Report 2025</strong> cho khu v&#7921;c &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193;, 70% PM &#7903; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i 33-35 &#273;ang k&#7865;t &#7903; ch&#7913;c danh <strong>Senior Product Manager.</strong> </em></p></div><p>T&#7841;i sao l&#7841;i c&#243; c&#250; g&#227;y r&#7845;t Vi&#7879;t Nam n&#224;y? V&#224; b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; career path th&#7921;c t&#7871; cho PM sau 35 tu&#7893;i tr&#244;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, g&#7841;t b&#7887; h&#7871;t m&#7845;y c&#226;u motivation quote r&#7867; ti&#7873;n &#273;i?</p><h2><strong>1. T&#7841;i sao b&#7841;n k&#7865;t? T&#7841;i The Middle Management Trap</strong></h2><p>C&#243; hai l&#253; do c&#7889;t l&#245;i d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c PM tu&#7893;i 35 b&#7883; k&#7865;t c&#7913;ng:</p><h3><strong>L&#253; do 1: Ng&#7897; nh&#7853;n v&#7873; ch&#7913;c danh</strong></h3><p>Nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh: <br><em>Junior PM &#8594; Mid PM &#8594; Senior PM &#8594; Head of Product / Director.</em></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#250; l&#7915;a ngo&#7841;n m&#7909;c. S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a m&#7897;t Senior PM v&#224; m&#7897;t Head of Product kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; s&#7889; n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; c&#7913; &#7903; l&#236; v&#7883; tr&#237; Senior PM 10 n&#259;m v&#224; hy v&#7885;ng m&#7897;t ng&#224;y &#273;&#7865;p tr&#7901;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ta s&#7869; b&#7889;c b&#7841;n l&#234;n l&#224;m Director v&#236; b&#7841;n s&#7889;ng l&#226;u l&#234;n l&#227;o l&#224;ng.</p><p>Senior PM v&#7851;n l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&#7843;i b&#224;i to&#225;n <em>Product Execution</em> l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; ship t&#237;nh n&#259;ng n&#224;y t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t. Nh&#432;ng Head of Product / Director l&#224; b&#224;i to&#225;n v&#7873; <em>Organization Design</em> v&#224; <em>P&amp;L (Profit &amp; Loss)</em>. N&#7871;u &#273;&#7871;n 35 tu&#7893;i, b&#7841;n v&#7851;n ch&#7881; ng&#7891;i &#273;o &#273;&#7871;m Conversion Rate c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#225;i n&#250;t b&#7845;m m&#224; kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u c&#7845;u tr&#250;c chi ph&#237; (Cost Structure) c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty &#273;ang &#273;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, b&#7841;n s&#7869; v&#297;nh vi&#7877;n k&#7865;t &#7903; level th&#7921;c thi. B&#7841;n tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t resource b&#7883; <strong>overpriced</strong> (gi&#225; qu&#225; &#273;&#7855;t).</p><h3><strong>L&#253; do 2: Vi&#7879;t Nam thi&#7871;u tr&#7847;m tr&#7885;ng Individual Contributor Track. (Hay g&#7885;i l&#224; IC Level) </strong></h3><p>&#7902; c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty Big Tech (Google, Meta, Stripe) h&#7885; c&#243; hai c&#225;i thang song song: Thang qu&#7843;n l&#253; (Management Track: Group PM &#8594; Director) v&#224; Thang chuy&#234;n gia (Individual Contributor - IC Track: Staff PM &#8594; Principal PM).</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#237;ch qu&#7843;n l&#253; con ng&#432;&#7901;i chuy&#7879;n r&#7845;t b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#236; qu&#7843;n tr&#7883; con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; VN c&#7921;c k&#7923; &#273;au &#273;&#7847;u v&#224; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i, b&#7841;n v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m IC, nh&#7853;n l&#432;&#417;ng ngang ng&#7917;a Director, mi&#7877;n l&#224; b&#7841;n gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t/product c&#243; &#273;&#7897; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam? R&#7845;t hi&#7871;m c&#244;ng ty c&#243; IC Track cho PM. H&#7885; &#233;p t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m chuy&#234;n m&#244;n gi&#7887;i ph&#7843;i l&#234;n l&#224;m Manager. V&#224; th&#7843;m h&#7885;a x&#7843;y ra: c&#244;ng ty m&#7845;t &#273;i m&#7897;t PM gi&#7887;i, v&#224; c&#243; th&#234;m m&#7897;t Manager t&#7891;i. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224;m Manager t&#7891;i, tu&#7893;i 35 c&#7911;a b&#7841;n s&#7869; l&#224; chu&#7895;i ng&#224;y h&#7885;p h&#224;nh tri&#7873;n mi&#234;n, g&#225;nh KPI s&#7845;p m&#7863;t, v&#224; s&#7899;m mu&#7897;n g&#236; c&#361;ng b&#7883; thay th&#7871;.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>2. B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; Career Path th&#7921;c t&#7871; sau 35 tu&#7893;i (The Path Forward)</strong></h2><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n s&#7855;p, ho&#7863;c &#273;&#227; b&#432;&#7899;c qua tu&#7893;i 35, &#273;&#7915;ng c&#7889; &#273;ua t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; vi&#7871;t ticket Jira hay v&#7869; wireframe v&#7899;i m&#7845;y b&#7841;n 24 tu&#7893;i. Ch&#417;i tr&#242; &#273;&#243; b&#7841;n thua ch&#7855;c. T&#7909;i nh&#7887; c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7913;c &#273;&#7871;n 3h s&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; v&#7869; Figma m&#224; n&#226;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#7865;p c&#7911;a GenZ l&#224; n&#7893;i tr&#7897;i. B&#7841;n th&#236; c&#243; v&#7907; con, c&#7897;t s&#7889;ng r&#234;n la, v&#224; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m gia &#273;&#236;nh.</p><p>L&#7907;i th&#7871; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#7903; tu&#7893;i 35 kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; <em>s&#7913;c tr&#226;u</em>, m&#224; l&#224; <em>s&#7921; l&#7885;c l&#245;i , kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#224;m ph&#225;n ch&#237;nh tr&#7883;, v&#224; g&#243;c nh&#236;n to&#224;n c&#7843;nh (Business Acumen).</em></p><div class="pullquote"><p> M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#7911;a <strong>Gallup</strong> v&#7873; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t nh&#226;n s&#7921; ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; tr&#234;n 10 n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m trong m&#7897;t ng&#224;nh c&#7909; th&#7875; t&#7841;o ra gi&#225; tr&#7883; g&#7845;p 2.5 l&#7847;n so v&#7899;i nh&#226;n s&#7921; m&#7899;i, nh&#7901; v&#224;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh nhanh v&#224; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n.</p></div><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h4><strong>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; 4 con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; m&#236;nh g&#7907;i &#253; n&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang nhi&#7873;u t&#226;m t&#432; &#7903; qua giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y:</strong></h4></div><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>H&#227;y b&#7845;m &#8220;subscribe&#8221; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; v&#7873; n&#7897;i dung c&#242;n l&#7841;i nh&#233;.</strong> </p><p style="text-align: center;">Want to see the rest of this awesome Post ? <br>Just hit that <strong>subscribe button for free</strong> to unlock the full post right now! </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p><em>T.D, <br>T7.2026</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #7: Product-Led Growth Cái trần kính mà Founder SaaS cần vượt qua.]]></title><description><![CDATA[Slack, Notion, Figma &#8212; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7921; b&#225;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n Sales. Nh&#432;ng khi startup VN h&#7885;c theo, MAU th&#236; cao m&#224; revenue b&#7857;ng 0. T&#7841;i sao PLG &#273;&#7909;ng tr&#7847;n &#7903; &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193;?]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-7-product-led-growth</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-7-product-led-growth</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2026 04:31:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7889;t s&#7869; t&#7921; b&#225;n. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i thu&#234; Sales th&#236; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; t&#7889;t. L&#7901;i n&#243;i d&#7889;i ng&#7885;t ng&#224;o nh&#7845;t m&#224; gi&#7899;i SaaS t&#7915;ng th&#236; th&#7847;m v&#224;o tai nhau.</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>M&#7897;t founder m&#224; m&#236;nh angel invest kh&#225; l&#226;u h&#224;o h&#7913;ng g&#7885;i Meet khoe: <em>&#8220;&#272;&#7841;t, t&#7909;i anh v&#7915;a ra m&#7855;t 5000 ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;! Growth rate 40% month-over-month!&#8221;</em></p><p>M&#236;nh h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;Nice. Bao nhi&#234;u ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n anh &#417;i?&#8221;</em></p><p>Im l&#7863;ng.</p><p><em><strong>&#8220;...14 ng&#432;&#7901;i em&#8221;</strong></em></p><p>N&#259;m ngh&#236;n ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng. 14 tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n. Conversion rate: ~<strong>0.28%.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:263352,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/198665088?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!brR7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe413e857-bc34-49d7-814f-82dd88b5fe06_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Founder v&#7851;n c&#432;&#7901;i: <em>&#8220;Nh&#432;ng em &#417;i, PLG m&#224;. C&#7913; &#273;&#7875; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7921; n&#243;i. User mi&#7877;n ph&#237; s&#7869; d&#7847;n chuy&#7875;n sang tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n khi th&#7845;y gi&#225; tr&#7883;.&#8221;</em></p><p>T&#225;m th&#225;ng sau, startup &#273;&#243; &#273;&#243;ng c&#7917;a. Burn rate m&#7895;i th&#225;ng 50 tri&#7879;u nh&#432;ng revenue th&#225;ng cao nh&#7845;t ch&#7881; 8 tri&#7879;u. S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7889;t th&#7853;t. User khen hay th&#7853;t. Nh&#432;ng <strong>kh&#244;ng ai ch&#7883;u m&#7903; v&#237;</strong>.</p><p>&#272;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#225; bi&#7879;t. &#272;&#243; l&#224; epidemic trong gi&#7899;i Ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><p>T&#7915; <strong>T&#7853;p #1</strong>, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y: PMF &#7903; VN b&#7883; b&#243;p m&#233;o b&#7903;i voucher. <strong>T&#7853;p #4</strong> ch&#7913;ng minh: Growth m&#224; kh&#244;ng nh&#236;n P&amp;L l&#224; &#273;ang &#273;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n. H&#244;m nay, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u v&#224;o m&#7897;t &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7847;ng cao h&#417;n n&#7919;a: <strong>Product-Led Growth</strong> tri&#7871;t l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng nh&#432; ho&#224;n h&#7843;o nh&#432;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;i tr&#7847;n k&#237;nh m&#224; Founder n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;&#7853;p &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t t&#7841;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193;.</p><p>M&#236;nh g&#7885;i c&#225;i &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng n&#224;y l&#224; <strong>PLG Fundamentalism </strong>ni&#7873;m tin c&#7921;c &#273;oan r&#7857;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m s&#7869; t&#7921; b&#225;n m&#7885;i th&#7913;, v&#224; vi&#7879;c x&#226;y Sales team &#273;&#244;ng v&#224; &#273;u&#7893;i li&#234;n t&#7909;c l&#224; bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ch&#432;a m&#7841;nh.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Theory: Slack, Notion, Figma v&#224; huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7921; b&#225;n.</strong></h2><p>Product-Led Growth l&#224; chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c m&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#7843;n th&#226;n n&#243; l&#224; k&#234;nh Acquisition (thu h&#250;t), Retention (gi&#7919; ch&#226;n), v&#224; Revenue (doanh thu) ch&#237;nh. Thay v&#236; thu&#234; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;i Sales &#273;i pitch t&#7915;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, b&#7841;n &#273;&#7875; user t&#7921; t&#7843;i app, t&#7921; d&#249;ng th&#7917; (free trial ho&#7863;c freemium), t&#7921; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#8220;aha moment,&#8221; r&#7891;i t&#7921; n&#226;ng c&#7845;p l&#234;n b&#7843;n tr&#7843; ph&#237;.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng case study huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Slack:</strong> Nh&#226;n vi&#234;n d&#249;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c, r&#7891;i k&#233;o c&#7843; team d&#249;ng, r&#7891;i team y&#234;u c&#7847;u c&#244;ng ty mua license. Bottom-up adoption ho&#224;n h&#7843;o.</p></li><li><p><strong>Notion:</strong> One ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng t&#7841;o workspace &#8594; m&#7901;i &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p &#8594; c&#7843; ph&#242;ng ban adopt &#8594; IT ph&#7843;i duy&#7879;t enterprise license.</p></li><li><p><strong>Figma:</strong> Designer d&#249;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237; &#8594; dev d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; xem design &#8594; PM d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; comment &#8594; CTO nh&#236;n th&#7845;y c&#7843; c&#244;ng ty &#273;ang d&#249;ng &#8594; mua h&#7859;n.</p></li></ul><p>C&#417; ch&#7871; chung: <strong>Viral loop t&#7921; nhi&#234;n t&#7915; individual user &#8594; team &#8594; organization.</strong> Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n Sales g&#7885;i &#273;i&#7879;n. Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n demo 60 ph&#250;t. S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7921; lan nh&#432; virus.</p><p>&#272;&#7865;p. R&#7867;. Hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. V&#7899;i &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n: <strong>b&#7841;n &#273;ang &#7903; M&#7929;.</strong></p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Breaking Point: T&#7841;i sao PLG &#273;&#7909;ng tr&#7847;n t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam v&#224; &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193;</strong></h2><h3><strong>C&#225;i tr&#7847;n th&#7913; nh&#7845;t: ACV qu&#225; th&#7845;p, unit economics kh&#244;ng ch&#7841;y</strong></h3><p>&#7902; M&#7929;, m&#7897;t SaaS tool gi&#225; $15-50/user/th&#225;ng l&#224; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. M&#7897;t team 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7921; mua license qua credit card: $500/th&#225;ng, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ai duy&#7879;t. PLG ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng v&#236; purchasing power (s&#7913;c mua) c&#225; nh&#226;n cao, v&#224; vi&#7879;c qu&#7865;t th&#7867; mua software d&#7877; nh&#432; mua c&#224; ph&#234;.</p><p>&#7902; Vi&#7879;t Nam? &#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, gi&#225; ph&#7843;i h&#7841; xu&#7889;ng cho ph&#249; h&#7907;p s&#7913;c mua: $3-5/user/th&#225;ng thay v&#236; $15-50. ACV (Annual Contract Value) t&#7909;t th&#234; th&#7843;m. M&#7897;t team 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7843; $30/th&#225;ng = $360/n&#259;m. B&#7841;n c&#7847;n <strong>2,800 team tr&#7843; ph&#237;</strong> ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t $1M ARR.</p><p>Trong khi &#273;&#243;, CAC (chi ph&#237; ki&#7871;m 1 kh&#225;ch tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n) &#7903; VN cho SaaS B2B dao &#273;&#7897;ng $50-200 v&#236; content marketing ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t reach h&#7865;p, SEO c&#7841;nh tranh th&#7845;p nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng kh&#243; rank. V&#7899;i ACV $360/n&#259;m v&#224; CAC $100, payback period l&#224;... 3-4 th&#225;ng. Nghe &#7893;n nh&#432;ng ch&#7881; &#7893;n n&#7871;u churn rate th&#7845;p. V&#224; &#7903; VN, churn SaaS B2B trung b&#236;nh <strong>15-25%/n&#259;m</strong> v&#236; doanh nghi&#7879;p nh&#7887; VN thay tool nh&#432; thay &#225;o.</p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;? LTV th&#7845;p. CAC kh&#244;ng r&#7867;. Unit economics ch&#7841;y &#236; &#7841;ch. PLG v&#7899;i mi&#7877;n ph&#237; m&#224; conversion ch&#432;a &#273;c 1% th&#236; c&#224;ng l&#224;m c&#224;ng ch&#7871;t nhanh h&#417;n.</p><h3><strong>C&#225;i tr&#7847;n th&#7913; hai: Enterprise buyer Ch&#226;u &#193; kh&#244;ng qu&#7865;t th&#7867; mua software. </strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;i tr&#7847;n v&#259;n h&#243;a m&#224; s&#225;ch M&#7929; kh&#244;ng nh&#7855;c t&#7899;i.</p><p>&#7902; M&#7929;, m&#7897;t Engineering Manager c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7921; quy&#7871;t mua tool $5,000/n&#259;m cho team m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n xin ph&#233;p ai. Credit card c&#244;ng ty qu&#7865;t c&#225;i r&#7865;t. &#272;&#243; l&#224; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng c&#7911;a PLG bottom-up.</p><p>&#7902; VN? B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n mua c&#225;i g&#236; tr&#234;n $200/th&#225;ng l&#224; ph&#7843;i qua:</p><ol><li><p>Tr&#236;nh s&#7871;p tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p duy&#7879;t.</p></li><li><p>S&#7871;p tr&#236;nh l&#234;n Director/VP.</p></li><li><p>Director g&#7917;i qua Procurement (Ph&#242;ng mua h&#224;ng).</p></li><li><p>Procurement &#273;&#242;i 3 b&#7843;n b&#225;o gi&#225; t&#7915; 3 vendor kh&#225;c nhau.</p></li><li><p>Legal review h&#7907;p &#273;&#7891;ng.</p></li><li><p>T&#224;i ch&#237;nh duy&#7879;t ng&#226;n s&#225;ch.</p></li></ol><p>Quy tr&#236;nh n&#224;y m&#7845;t <strong>2-6 th&#225;ng</strong> cho m&#7897;t deal $3,000-10,000/n&#259;m. Trong khi PLG gi&#7843; &#273;&#7883;nh user t&#7921; mua trong 5 ph&#250;t.</p><p>V&#224; &#273;&#243; ch&#432;a k&#7875;: nhi&#7873;u doanh nghi&#7879;p VN v&#7851;n mu&#7889;n g&#7863;p m&#7863;t Sales, mu&#7889;n demo ri&#234;ng, mu&#7889;n customization. <em>&#8220;Em &#417;i, c&#225;i dashboard n&#224;y ch&#7881;nh cho anh c&#225;i logo c&#244;ng ty anh v&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng? hay S&#7917;a gi&#250;p anh c&#225;i n&#224;y th&#236; anh m&#7899;i mua&#8221;</em> B&#7841;n nghe c&#226;u n&#224;y bao nhi&#234;u l&#7847;n r&#7891;i?</p><h3><strong>C&#225;i tr&#7847;n th&#7913; ba: Free user kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; chi ph&#237;</strong></h3><p>M&#7895;i free user tr&#234;n server c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ti&#234;u t&#7889;n hosting, bandwidth, support ticket. V&#7899;i SaaS M&#7929; c&#243; margin 80-90%, nu&#244;i free user l&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432;. V&#7899;i SaaS VN margin 40-60% v&#236; gi&#225; th&#7845;p, chi ph&#237; nh&#226;n s&#7921;/h&#7841; t&#7847;ng VN kh&#244;ng r&#7867; nh&#432; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#432;&#7903;ng, m&#7895;i free user l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#7909;c n&#7907; &#273;ang n&#7857;m tr&#234;n b&#7843;ng c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i k&#7871; to&#225;n.</p><p>M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng th&#7845;y m&#7897;t startup VN c&#243; 10,000 free users. Server bill h&#224;ng th&#225;ng: 25 tri&#7879;u. Revenue t&#7915; 50 paying users: 15 tri&#7879;u. Startup &#273;&#243; &#273;ang <strong>l&#7895; 10 tri&#7879;u/th&#225;ng</strong> ch&#7881; ri&#234;ng ti&#7873;n nu&#244;i free users. V&#224; founder v&#7851;n l&#234;n LinkedIn khoe: <em>&#8220;Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i c&#243; 10K users!&#8221;</em></p><div><hr></div><p>Nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng h&#7859;n ch&#7881; anti-PLG tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i PLG sai. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;&#7889;i x&#7917; v&#7899;i PLG nh&#432; m&#7897;t <strong>t&#244;n gi&#225;o</strong> thay v&#236; m&#7897;t <strong>chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t</strong>. V&#224; m&#7885;i chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; scope &#273;&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Patch: Product-Led Sales|Hybrid Model cho th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193;</strong></h2><h3><strong>1. PLG l&#224; k&#234;nh &#273;&#7847;u ph&#7877;u, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i to&#224;n b&#7897; ph&#7877;u</strong></h3><p>H&#227;y ngh&#297; PLG l&#224; c&#225;i <strong>loa k&#233;o k&#7865;o k&#233;o &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;ch v&#224;o c&#7917;a h&#224;ng</strong>. N&#243; thu h&#250;t attention, t&#7841;o tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ban &#273;&#7847;u, x&#226;y d&#7921;ng trust. Nh&#432;ng khi kh&#225;ch mu&#7889;n mua deal l&#7899;n ($5,000+/n&#259;m), b&#7841;n c&#7847;n m&#7897;t <strong>ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n h&#224;ng</strong> &#273;&#7913;ng b&#234;n trong &#273;&#7875; t&#432; v&#7845;n, negotiate, v&#224; close.</p><p>M&#244; h&#236;nh hybrid ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#7871; n&#224;y:</p><ul><li><p><strong>PLG</strong> &#8594; Free trial / Freemium &#8594; User t&#7921; d&#249;ng &#8594; Hit usage threshold &#8594; Tr&#7903; th&#224;nh <strong>PQL (Product-Qualified Lead)</strong>.</p></li><li><p><strong>Sales</strong> &#8594; Nh&#7853;n PQL &#8594; Outreach &#8594; Demo cho buying committee &#8594; Negotiate &#8594; Close enterprise deal.</p></li></ul><p>PQL kh&#225;c MQL (Marketing-Qualified Lead) &#7903; ch&#7895;: PQL &#273;&#227; <strong>d&#249;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#7853;t</strong> v&#224; &#273;&#7841;t ng&#432;&#7905;ng h&#224;nh vi (v&#237; d&#7909;: team 5+ ng&#432;&#7901;i, d&#249;ng tr&#234;n 3 t&#237;nh n&#259;ng, active 3 tu&#7847;n li&#234;n ti&#7871;p). Sales kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n pitch t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u h&#7885; &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;t kh&#225;ch &#273;ang d&#249;ng g&#236;, th&#237;ch g&#236;, c&#7847;n g&#236;. Cu&#7897;c conversation ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#225;c level.</p><h3><strong>2. Bi&#7871;t khi n&#224;o ph&#7843;i b&#7853;t n&#250;t C&#7847;n ae Sales</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng t&#237;n hi&#7879;u &#273;&#7887; cho th&#7845;y PLG thu&#7847;n t&#250;y &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7909;ng tr&#7847;n:</p><ul><li><p>Self-serve conversion rate cho deal &gt; $20K/n&#259;m <strong>d&#432;&#7899;i 15%</strong>.</p></li><li><p>Chu k&#7923; b&#225;n h&#224;ng k&#233;o d&#224;i v&#236; <strong>buying committee</strong> b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n (procurement, legal, IT).</p></li><li><p>Top 20% account &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p h&#417;n <strong>50% ARR</strong> ngh&#297;a l&#224; growth &#273;ang t&#7853;p trung, c&#7847;n qu&#7843;n l&#253; chuy&#234;n bi&#7879;t.</p></li><li><p>Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;Em c&#243; th&#7875; setup m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i demo ri&#234;ng cho team anh kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</em> &#8212; &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i complaint, &#273;&#243; l&#224; <strong>buying signal</strong>.</p></li></ul><p>Khi th&#7845;y c&#225;c d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u n&#224;y, &#273;&#7915;ng c&#7913;ng &#273;&#7847;u gi&#7919; PLG pure. Thu&#234; 1-2 Account Executive, arm h&#7885; b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u in-product (kh&#225;ch &#273;&#227; d&#249;ng g&#236;, bao l&#226;u, pain point &#7903; &#273;&#226;u), v&#224; &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; close deal m&#224; PLG kh&#244;ng th&#7875; close.</p><h3><strong>3. &#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t cho VN: Freemium ph&#7843;i n&#234;n lu&#244;n c&#243; Trap Door ch&#7913; ko n&#234;n No_Rule style.</strong></h3><p>&#7902; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#224; user nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m gi&#225; c&#7921;c &#273;&#7897; (callback <strong>T&#7853;p #1</strong> &#273;&#7897;i qu&#226;n s&#259;n voucher), freemium thu&#7847;n t&#250;y l&#224; t&#7921; s&#225;t. User VN s&#7869; d&#249;ng b&#7843;n free m&#227;i m&#227;i v&#224; hack m&#7885;i th&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; hack &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n. G&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y c&#225;c lu&#7853;t m&#7899;i ch&#7855;c s&#7869; gi&#7843;m nh&#432;ng c&#7847;n th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i quen vi&#7879;c tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n cho s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n.</p><p><strong>Trap Door</strong> l&#224; g&#236;? L&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m trong user journey m&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m tr&#7903; n&#234;n <strong>kh&#244;ng th&#7875; d&#249;ng ti&#7871;p</strong> n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng upgrade nh&#432;ng v&#224;o th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#243; user &#273;&#227; invest &#273;&#7911; nhi&#7873;u (d&#7919; li&#7879;u, workflow, th&#243;i quen) n&#234;n chi ph&#237; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i cao h&#417;n gi&#225; subscription.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;:</p><ul><li><p>Cho d&#249;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237; v&#7899;i 3 projects. Project th&#7913; 4 tr&#7903; &#273;i &#8594; tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n. Nh&#432;ng 3 projects &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n &#273;&#227; ch&#7913;a to&#224;n b&#7897; data quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a team.</p></li><li><p>Cho export PDF mi&#7877;n ph&#237; v&#7899;i watermark. B&#7887; watermark &#8594; tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n. Nh&#432;ng kh&#225;ch &#273;&#227; quen d&#249;ng tool &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o report h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n.</p></li></ul><p>Trap Door ph&#7843;i &#273;au &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7895; &#273;au &#7903; &#273;&#250;ng th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m user &#273;&#227; &#8220;nghi&#7879;n&#8221; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;au ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u ki&#7875;u &#8220;d&#249;ng th&#7917; 7 ng&#224;y r&#7891;i m&#7845;t h&#7871;t&#8221; c&#225;i n&#224;y &#7903; VN ch&#7881; khi&#7871;n user uninstall v&#224; chuy&#7875;n sang tool kh&#225;c.</p><div><hr></div><p>M&#236;nh c&#361;ng t&#7915;ng ng&#7891;i v&#7899;i m&#7897;t founder SaaS &#7903; Qu&#7853;n 2, anh &#7845;y k&#7875;: <em>&#8220;Anh &#272;&#7841;t, em &#273;&#7885;c blog c&#7911;a Notion, c&#7911;a Figma, c&#7911;a Lenny Rachitsky. T&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u n&#243;i Product-Led Growth l&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng lai. Em tin v&#224; em all-in. Em kh&#244;ng thu&#234; Sales. Em &#273;&#7875; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7921; b&#225;n.&#8221;</em></p><p>M&#236;nh chia s&#7869; l&#250;c &#273;&#243; : <em>&#8220;Notion c&#243; 30 tri&#7879;u user em c&#243; bao nhi&#234;u&#8221; L&#250;c n&#224;y th&#236; th&#236; g&#7847;n nh&#7845;t 2024 Ivan Zhao &#273;&#227; share c&#243; h&#417;n 100M. <br></em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png" width="1456" height="1511" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1511,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1548135,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/198665088?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VMdp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15be9452-6b12-4a3b-9d1f-6cef9ebb83ed_1472x1528.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em><br></em></p><blockquote><p><em><strong>&#8220;h&#417;n 5,000 s&#7861;n s&#224;ng tr&#7843; ph&#237;&#8221;</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>&#8220;V&#7853;y em &#273;ang so s&#225;nh m&#236;nh v&#7899;i Notion &#7903; &#273;o&#7841;n... n&#224;o?&#8221;</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>Notion, Slack, Figma h&#7885; c&#243; PLG motion ngon v&#236; h&#7885; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t pain point universal ai c&#361;ng c&#7847;n ghi ch&#250;, chat, design, target th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#224;u M&#7929;, Ch&#226;u &#194;u, v&#224; c&#243; h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c tri&#7879;u user base tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7853;t Revenue engine &#273;&#250;ng ngh&#297;a. B&#7841;n &#273;ang &#7903; VN, v&#7899;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng B2B SaaS non tr&#7867;, s&#7913;c mua th&#7845;p, v&#224; v&#259;n h&#243;a mua h&#224;ng qua relationship m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng qua credit card v&#224; thu&#7847;n tu&#253; B2B ch&#7913; ko nh&#432; Notion mix gi&#7919;a C v&#224; B. </p><p>T&#7841;m th&#7901;i khi ch&#432;a l&#7899;n h&#227;y th&#7921;c s&#7921; PLG l&#224; <strong>m&#7897;t k&#234;nh acquisition</strong>. Kh&#244;ng h&#417;n, kh&#244;ng k&#233;m. &#272;&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh <strong>t&#244;n gi&#225;o</strong> r&#7891;i hy sinh c&#7843; revenue c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m s&#7869; t&#7921; b&#225;n.</p><p>C&#226;u h&#7887;i cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng: B&#7841;n &#273;ang build product cho user hay cho investor pitch deck? V&#236; n&#7871;u c&#225;i b&#7841;n show tr&#234;n deck l&#224; &#8220;10K free users&#8221; m&#224; investor h&#7887;i &#8220;bao nhi&#234;u tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n?&#8221; v&#224; b&#7841;n &#7845;p &#250;ng th&#236; product-led hay investor-led c&#361;ng s&#7869; d&#7851;n b&#7841;n &#273;&#7871;n c&#249;ng m&#7897;t &#273;&#237;ch: <strong>h&#7871;t ti&#7873;n</strong>.</p><p><em><strong>Reality Check #8</strong> tu&#7847;n t&#7899;i s&#7869; t&#7845;n c&#244;ng v&#224;o &#273;&#7913;c tin thi&#234;ng li&#234;ng nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a PM: &#8220;Data-Driven.&#8221; Khi n&#224;o data gi&#250;p b&#7841;n ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#250;ng, khi n&#224;o n&#243; ch&#7881; l&#224; c&#225;i c&#7899; &#273;&#7875; tr&#236; ho&#227;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh? Chu&#7849;n b&#7883;.</em></p><p>T.D, </p><p>T6.2026<br><br>P/S : B&#224;i n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7871;t l&#250;c th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m c&#243; thay &#273;&#7893;i b&#7903;i vi&#7879;c nh&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c s&#7869; ki&#7875;m ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p ki&#7875;m tra v&#224; th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y c&#225;c lu&#7853;t li&#234;n quan s&#7903; h&#7919;u tr&#237; tu&#7879;. Ph&#7847;n n&#224;y s&#7869; th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y t&#237;ch c&#7921;c vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#7847;m m&#7873;m &#7903; VN. Ngo&#224;i ra v&#259;n ho&#225; chu&#7897;ng t&#226;y ch&#234; ta &#7903; VN v&#7851;n c&#242;n t&#7891;n t&#7841;i &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; v&#259;n ho&#225; th&#237;ch &#273;&#7891; ngo&#7841;i v&#224; c&#361;ng ch&#237;nh t&#7915; c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m VN ch&#432;a th&#7921;c s&#7921; t&#7889;t. N&#234;n &#273;&#7875; th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y c&#225;c vi&#7879;c tr&#234;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#225;ch n&#224;o b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c t&#7915; ch&#237;nh vi&#7879;c ch&#250;ng ta hi&#7875;u r&#245; s&#7843;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; g&#236; kh&#225;ch bi&#7879;t v&#224; l&#224;m n&#243; ph&#249; h&#7907;p &#7903; market ch&#250;ng ta h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#7871;n. Thay v&#236; clone 1 s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m T&#226;y v&#244; h&#7891;n r&#7891;i b&#7843;o n&#243; l&#224; v&#244; gi&#225;. </p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #6: OKR Bình mới rượu cũ hay cú lừa thế kỷ của Google?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Google n&#243;i OKR gi&#250;p h&#7885; th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. C&#244;ng ty b&#7841;n mang OKR v&#7873; &#225;p d&#7909;ng, 6 th&#225;ng sau team c&#227;i nhau t&#243;e l&#7917;a v&#236; KR ai c&#361;ng set d&#7877; &#7907;t &#273;&#7875; &#259;n bonus. Ch&#224;o m&#7915;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i OKR Karaoke.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-6-okr-binh-moi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-6-okr-binh-moi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 06:31:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><blockquote><p><em><strong>Measure What Matters nh&#432;ng &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam, c&#225;i duy nh&#7845;t m&#224; ai c&#361;ng mu&#7889;n measure l&#224; ti&#7873;n th&#432;&#7903;ng cu&#7889;i n&#259;m.</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7841;i m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i All-Hands meeting c&#7911;a m&#7897;t startup fintech &#7903; &#272;&#224; N&#7861;ng, t&#7847;m gi&#7919;a n&#259;m 2024.</p><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:616227,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/198663952?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XLHS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe2dfed82-08ee-4db7-adfd-c255e9d2f9e2_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>CEO m&#7897;t anh Vi&#7879;t ki&#7873;u h&#7885;c &#7903; M&#7929; v&#7873; h&#224;o h&#7913;ng chi&#7871;u l&#234;n m&#224;n h&#236;nh cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch &#8220;Measure What Matters&#8221; c&#7911;a John Doerr. Anh &#7845;y thao thao b&#7845;t tuy&#7879;t v&#7873; c&#225;ch Google d&#249;ng OKR &#273;&#7875; &#273;i t&#7915; 40 nh&#226;n vi&#234;n l&#234;n c&#244;ng ty ngh&#236;n t&#7927; &#273;&#244;. V&#7873; c&#225;ch Intel d&#432;&#7899;i th&#7901;i Andy Grove &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t minh ra framework n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7853;p tan IBM. V&#7873; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a OKR (&#273;&#7847;y c&#7843;m h&#7913;ng, m&#417; m&#7897;ng, cho ph&#233;p fail 30%) v&#224; KPI (c&#7913;ng nh&#7855;c, &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t, b&#7855;t ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7841;t 100%).</p><p>C&#7843; team v&#7895; tay r&#7847;n r&#7847;n. HR l&#7853;p t&#7913;c thu&#234; m&#7897;t anh consultant v&#7873; &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o 2 ng&#224;y. T&#7889;n 150 tri&#7879;u. Xong xu&#244;i, m&#7895;i team ng&#7891;i set OKR &#273;&#7847;u qu&#253;.</p><p>Qu&#253; 1 k&#7871;t th&#250;c. CEO h&#237; h&#7917;ng review. M&#7903; dashboard OKR ra xem.</p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;: <strong>92% team &#273;&#7841;t tr&#234;n 80% OKR.</strong></p><p>CEO m&#7915;ng qu&#253;nh: <em>&#8220;T&#7909;i m&#236;nh gi&#7887;i thi&#7879;t!&#8221;</em></p><p>M&#236;nh ng&#7891;i nghe k&#7875; l&#7841;i m&#224; mu&#7889;n kh&#243;c. 92% &#273;&#7841;t tr&#234;n 80%? &#7902; Google, n&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#7841;t 100% OKR, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; set m&#7909;c ti&#234;u <strong>qu&#225; d&#7877;</strong>. OKR chu&#7849;n ph&#7843;i c&#243; moonshot m&#7909;c ti&#234;u tr&#234;n tr&#7901;i v&#224; &#273;&#7841;t 60-70% m&#7899;i l&#224; t&#7889;t. &#272;&#7841;t 100% = b&#7841;n &#273;ang ch&#417;i an to&#224;n.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng &#7903; c&#225;i c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n startup &#272;&#224; N&#7861;ng kia? Ai c&#361;ng set OKR v&#7915;a ph&#7843;i, d&#7877; nu&#7889;t. V&#236; sao? V&#236; CEO &#273;&#227; m&#7855;c m&#7897;t sai l&#7847;m ch&#237; m&#7841;ng: <strong>g&#7855;n OKR v&#224;o b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh bonus cu&#7889;i qu&#253;.</strong></p><p>Th&#7871; l&#224; OKR bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh KPI &#273;&#7897;i m&#361; sang ch&#7843;nh. M&#236;nh g&#7885;i c&#225;i n&#224;y l&#224; <strong>OKR Karaoke </strong>m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#225;t theo b&#224;i h&#225;t c&#7911;a Google nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u l&#7901;i ho&#224;n to&#224;n, v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u duy nh&#7845;t h&#7885; quan t&#226;m l&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889;.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Theory: John Doerr v&#224; cu&#7889;n kinh th&#225;nh OKR</strong></h2><p>OKR &#8212; Objectives and Key Results c&#243; ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c t&#7915; Intel nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m 1970, do Andy Grove ph&#225;t minh. Sau &#273;&#243;, John Doerr m&#7897;t nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i t&#7915; Kleiner Perkins mang n&#243; v&#224;o Google n&#259;m 1999 khi Google c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t startup garage 40 ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p>C&#417; ch&#7871; r&#7845;t &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Objective (O):</strong> B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;? (&#272;&#7883;nh t&#237;nh, truy&#7873;n c&#7843;m h&#7913;ng, d&#7877; nh&#7899;). V&#237; d&#7909;: <em>&#8220;Tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng thanh to&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u th&#237;ch nh&#7845;t t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam.&#8221;</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Key Results (KR):</strong> L&#224;m sao bi&#7871;t b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c Objective? (&#272;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng, &#273;o &#273;&#7871;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c). V&#237; d&#7909;: <em>&#8220;T&#259;ng MAU t&#7915; 1M l&#234;n 3M&#8221;</em>, <em>&#8220;T&#259;ng NPS t&#7915; 35 l&#234;n 55.&#8221;</em></p></li></ul><p>&#272;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a OKR theo s&#225;ch l&#224;:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Moonshot thinking:</strong> Set m&#7909;c ti&#234;u cao ng&#7845;t &#8212; &#273;&#7841;t 60-70% coi nh&#432; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>T&#225;ch kh&#7887;i l&#432;&#417;ng th&#432;&#7903;ng:</strong> OKR KH&#212;NG d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; nh&#226;n s&#7921;. N&#243; l&#224; la b&#224;n chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#432;&#7899;c k&#7867; x&#233;t l&#432;&#417;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>Minh b&#7841;ch:</strong> OKR c&#7911;a CEO, c&#7911;a VP, c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng team t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u public. Ai c&#361;ng th&#7845;y ai &#273;ang l&#224;m g&#236;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Chu k&#7923; ng&#7855;n:</strong> Th&#432;&#7901;ng theo qu&#253;, review li&#234;n t&#7909;c, &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh khi c&#7847;n.</p></li></ol><p>Nghe hay qu&#225; &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng? Google d&#249;ng n&#243; m&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng vang d&#7897;i c&#417; m&#224;. Intel c&#361;ng v&#7853;y. Th&#236; m&#236;nh c&#361;ng d&#249;ng th&#244;i!</p><p>R&#7891;i, &#273;em v&#7873; VN &#225;p d&#7909;ng n&#224;o.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Breaking Point: B&#7889;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#432;a &#273;&#250;ng c&#7911;a OKR ki&#7875;u Vi&#7879;t Nam</strong></h2><p>&#7902; <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-4-growth-hacking">T&#7853;p #4</a></strong>, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; n&#243;i r&#7857;ng PM ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7885;c P&amp;L. B&#224;i h&#244;m nay ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng &#8212; nh&#432;ng l&#234;n m&#7897;t t&#7847;ng cao h&#417;n: kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;o sai metrics, m&#224; <strong>c&#7843; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u</strong> c&#361;ng sai.</p><p><strong>C&#250; s&#7845;p m&#7863;t 1: OKR g&#7855;n l&#432;&#417;ng = KPI &#273;&#7897;i m&#361;.</strong></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; sai l&#7847;m ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t, ch&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7845;t, v&#224; g&#7847;n nh&#432; 100% c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty VN m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng ti&#7871;p x&#250;c &#273;&#7873;u m&#7855;c ph&#7843;i.</p><p>Khi b&#7841;n b&#7843;o nh&#226;n vi&#234;n: <em>&#8220;OKR c&#7911;a em &#273;&#7841;t 80% th&#236; em &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bonus 2 th&#225;ng l&#432;&#417;ng, d&#432;&#7899;i 60% th&#236; kh&#244;ng c&#243;&#8221;</em> b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;n OKR th&#224;nh KPI trong v&#242;ng 1 ph&#250;t. Nh&#226;n vi&#234;n s&#7869; l&#7853;p t&#7913;c chuy&#7875;n sang ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#8220;sandbagging&#8221; thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; ch&#7881; vi&#7879;c <strong>c&#7889; t&#236;nh set m&#7909;c ti&#234;u th&#7845;p</strong> &#273;&#7875; d&#7877; &#273;&#7841;t.</p><p>Anh dev set KR: <em>&#8220;Gi&#7843;m bug count t&#7915; 50 xu&#7889;ng 40.&#8221;</em> Th&#7853;t ra anh &#7845;y bi&#7871;t &#273;ang c&#243; 50 bug nh&#432;ng anh &#7845;y c&#243; th&#7875; fix xu&#7889;ng 20 n&#7871;u c&#7889;. Nh&#432;ng set 20 th&#236; r&#7911;i ro qu&#225;. Set 40 cho ch&#7855;c &#259;n. Cu&#7889;i qu&#253; report: <em>&#8220;&#272;&#7841;t 100% KR!&#8221;</em> S&#7871;p v&#7895; vai. Bonus &#273;&#7847;y t&#250;i.</p><p>Google t&#225;ch b&#7841;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng: OKR d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; align m&#7909;c ti&#234;u chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, KH&#212;NG d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; performance. Performance review &#7903; Google d&#7921;a tr&#234;n peer feedback, impact assessment, v&#224; nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c OKR ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t input nh&#7887; trong b&#7913;c tranh l&#7899;n. Nh&#432;ng m&#7845;y c&#244;ng ty VN? Copy c&#225;i framework, b&#7887; c&#225;i nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c s&#7889;ng c&#242;n nh&#7845;t, r&#7891;i th&#7855;c m&#7855;c sao n&#243; g&#227;y.</p><p><strong>C&#250; s&#7845;p m&#7863;t 2: Objective vi&#7871;t ki&#7875;u KPI.</strong></p><p>M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7885;c OKR c&#7911;a &#237;t nh&#7845;t 20 startup v&#224; v&#224;i c&#244;ng ty v&#7915;a t&#7841;i VN. Pattern quen thu&#7897;c nh&#7845;t:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Objective: T&#259;ng doanh thu 30% so v&#7899;i qu&#253; tr&#432;&#7899;c.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Xin l&#7895;i. &#272;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i Objective. &#272;&#243; l&#224; KPI. Objective &#273;&#225;ng l&#7869; ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i <strong>&#8220;T&#7841;i sao?&#8221;</strong> t&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n t&#259;ng doanh thu? M&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch l&#7899;n h&#417;n &#273;&#7857;ng sau l&#224; g&#236;?</p><p>Objective &#273;&#250;ng c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;: <em>&#8220;Ch&#7913;ng minh Product-Market Fit cho ph&#226;n kh&#250;c doanh nghi&#7879;p nh&#7887;&#8221;</em> v&#224; &#8220;T&#259;ng doanh thu 30%&#8221; l&#224; m&#7897;t Key Result b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i. Nghe gi&#7889;ng nhau nh&#432;ng kh&#225;c nhau tr&#7901;i v&#7921;c. Khi Objective l&#224; con s&#7889;, team ch&#7881; lo &#273;&#7841;t s&#7889;. Khi Objective l&#224; &#253; ngh&#297;a, team s&#7869; ph&#7843;i suy ngh&#297;: <em>&#8220;&#272;&#7841;t doanh thu 30% b&#7857;ng C&#193;CH N&#192;O m&#7899;i &#273;&#250;ng? T&#259;ng gi&#225;? T&#259;ng volume? Hay m&#7903; segment m&#7899;i?&#8221;</em></p><p><strong>C&#250; s&#7845;p m&#7863;t 3: Set xong qu&#234;n lu&#244;n &#273;&#7871;n cu&#7889;i qu&#253; m&#7899;i m&#7903; ra xem.</strong></p><p>M&#236;nh g&#7885;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; OKR Th&#7901; C&#250;ng. &#272;&#7847;u qu&#253;, c&#7843; c&#244;ng ty ng&#7891;i set OKR ho&#224;nh tr&#225;ng. Ghi v&#224;o Google Sheet / Jira Goal. R&#7891;i c&#7845;t v&#224;o c&#225;i folder t&#234;n &#8220;Q2-2026-OKR&#8221; v&#224; qu&#234;n b&#233;ng m&#7845;t.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; weekly check-in. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; mid-quarter review. Kh&#244;ng ai nh&#7855;c nhau. &#272;&#7871;n cu&#7889;i qu&#253;, m&#7903; ra th&#7845;y: <em>&#8220;&#192;, c&#225;i KR t&#259;ng retention l&#234;n 50%... &#7915;m... ch&#7855;c kho&#7843;ng 35% g&#236; &#273;&#243;... m&#224; th&#244;i ghi 45% cho &#273;&#7865;p b&#225;o c&#225;o.&#8221;</em></p><p>OKR m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; cadence v&#7899;i nh&#7883;p review &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n th&#236; v&#244; ngh&#297;a. N&#243; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; t&#7853;p gym mua membership &#273;&#7847;u n&#259;m, &#273;i 2 tu&#7847;n, r&#7891;i qu&#234;n lu&#244;n cho &#273;&#7871;n khi th&#7867; h&#7871;t h&#7841;n. C&#225;i membership kh&#244;ng gi&#250;p b&#7841;n gi&#7843;m c&#226;n. C&#225;i th&#243;i quen &#273;i gym h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n m&#7899;i gi&#250;p.</p><p><strong>C&#250; s&#7845;p m&#7863;t 4: Qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u Objective, qu&#225; &#237;t tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m.</strong></p><p>M&#7897;t team 8 ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#432;ng c&#243; 5 Objectives, m&#7895;i Objective c&#243; 4 Key Results. T&#7893;ng c&#7897;ng: <strong>20 KR ph&#7843;i track.</strong> Hai m&#432;&#417;i c&#225;i. Cho 8 ng&#432;&#7901;i. M&#7895;i sprint.</p><p>Kh&#244;ng ai nh&#7899; h&#7871;t. Kh&#244;ng ai focus &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng team ch&#7841;y nh&#432; g&#224; m&#7845;t &#273;&#7847;u, c&#225;i g&#236; c&#361;ng &#273;&#7909;ng m&#7897;t ch&#250;t m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#225;i n&#224;o s&#226;u. Focus b&#7883; gi&#7871;t. V&#224; khi focus ch&#7871;t, OKR ch&#7881; c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;i todo-list oai v&#7879;.</p><div><hr></div><blockquote><p><em><strong>M&#236;nh nh&#7899; h&#7891;i 2018-2019, c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7907;t m&#224; g&#7847;n nh&#432; m&#7885;i CEO startup VN &#273;&#7873;u h&#237;t h&#224; cu&#7889;n Measure What Matters. </strong></em></p><p><em><strong>LinkedIn tr&#224;n ng&#7853;p b&#224;i chia s&#7867; v&#7873; OKR. Consultant OKR m&#7885;c l&#234;n nh&#432; n&#7845;m sau m&#432;a. R&#7891;i t&#7847;m 1 n&#259;m sau, c&#361;ng &#273;&#7897;i CEO &#273;&#243; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#226;m th&#7847;m quay l&#7841;i d&#249;ng KPI truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng. Kh&#244;ng ai n&#243;i g&#236;. Kh&#244;ng ai th&#7915;a nh&#7853;n. </strong></em></p><p><em><strong>C&#225;i dashboard OKR tr&#234;n Notion v&#7851;n n&#7857;m &#273;&#243;, ph&#7911; b&#7909;i, nh&#432; m&#7897;t l&#7901;i nh&#7855;c nh&#7903; v&#7873; m&#249;a h&#232; ng&#226;y th&#417;.</strong></em></p></blockquote><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Patch: Lightweight Alignment OKR kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong></h2><p>M&#236;nh ngh&#297; OKR sai. OKR ch&#7881; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;t &#7903; <strong>&#273;&#250;ng b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh</strong>. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224; &#273;a s&#7889; c&#244;ng ty VN d&#249;ng sai b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh, sai c&#225;ch, sai m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; B&#7843;n v&#225; theo g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#224; m&#236;nh ngh&#297; s&#7869; c&#242;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh d&#224;i v&#236; c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#361;ng &#273;ang t&#236;m c&#225;ch &#273;&#432;a OKR v&#224;o sao cho hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;:</p><h3><strong>1. T&#225;ch OKR ra kh&#7887;i b&#7843;ng l&#432;&#417;ng ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c, kh&#244;ng th&#432;&#417;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c s&#7889;ng c&#242;n s&#7889; 1. OKR l&#224; la b&#224;n chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c. N&#243; d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i: <em>&#8220;Team m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#273;i &#273;&#226;u qu&#253; n&#224;y?&#8221;</em> KH&#212;NG ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i: <em>&#8220;Anh Nam c&#243; x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng t&#259;ng l&#432;&#417;ng kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</em></p><p>&#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; nh&#226;n s&#7921; ph&#7843;i d&#7921;a tr&#234;n: Impact th&#7921;c t&#7871; (&#273;o b&#7857;ng &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p cho output/outcome), peer review, leadership assessment. OKR ch&#7881; l&#224; <strong>m&#7897;t trong nhi&#7873;u input</strong>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i input duy nh&#7845;t.</p><p>N&#7871;u s&#7871;p b&#7841;n nh&#7845;t quy&#7871;t g&#7855;n OKR v&#224;o bonus, h&#227;y &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t compromise: chia th&#224;nh <strong>Committed OKR</strong> (cam k&#7871;t &#8212; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7841;t, g&#7855;n performance) v&#224; <strong>Aspirational OKR</strong> (k&#7923; v&#7885;ng &#8212; moonshot, KH&#212;NG g&#7855;n performance). &#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch Google ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i. Committed th&#432;&#7901;ng chi&#7871;m 60%, Aspirational chi&#7871;m 40%.</p><p>*Nh&#432;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t l&#432;u &#253; bonus c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#234;n g&#7855;p li&#7873;n v&#7899;i t&#7881; tr&#7885;ng cao v&#7899;i th&#224;nh t&#237;ch chung c&#7911;a c&#7843; team d&#249; c&#243; OKR hay ko OKR. Key th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#7911;a 1 team s&#7869; lu&#244;n l&#224; th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t cho k&#7871;t qu&#7843;. Ch&#7881; l&#224; &#7903; level c&#224;ng cao th&#236; t&#7881; l&#7879; ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m chung c&#224;ng cao.</p><h3><strong>2. Startup &lt; 30 ng&#432;&#7901;i? B&#7887; OKR, d&#249;ng &#8220;Weekly Priority Stack&#8221;</strong></h3><p>C&#225;i n&#224;y m&#236;nh h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n ch&#7913;ng ki&#7871;n sai l&#7847;m v&#224; c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#225;c team. OKR sinh ra &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i b&#224;i to&#225;n <strong>alignment</strong> khi t&#7893; ch&#7913;c l&#7899;n, nhi&#7873;u team, c&#7847;n c&#259;n ch&#7881;nh m&#7909;c ti&#234;u chung. Nh&#432;ng startup 15-20 ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#236; c&#7847;n alignment c&#225;i g&#236;? M&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ng&#7891;i c&#249;ng ph&#242;ng, &#259;n c&#417;m tr&#432;a chung, bi&#7871;t r&#245; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p &#273;ang l&#224;m g&#236;.</p><p>Thay v&#236; OKR n&#7863;ng n&#7873;, h&#227;y d&#249;ng <strong>Weekly Priority Stack</strong>: M&#7895;i th&#7913; Hai, m&#7895;i team (ho&#7863;c c&#7843; c&#244;ng ty n&#7871;u nh&#7887;) ch&#7889;t <strong>3 priorities duy nh&#7845;t</strong> cho tu&#7847;n n&#224;y. Ba th&#244;i. Kh&#244;ng b&#7889;n, kh&#244;ng n&#259;m. <strong>Ba</strong>.</p><p>Vi&#7871;t l&#234;n whiteboard ho&#7863;c Slack channel. M&#7895;i th&#7913; S&#225;u, review: ho&#224;n th&#224;nh ch&#432;a? Ch&#432;a th&#236; t&#7841;i sao? Tu&#7847;n sau priority n&#224;o &#273;&#7893;i?</p><p>G&#7885;n. Nh&#7865;. Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n consultant. Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n dashboard. V&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t: kh&#244;ng ai qu&#234;n v&#236; n&#243; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i m&#7895;i tu&#7847;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7895;i qu&#253;.</p><h3><strong>3. T&#7893; ch&#7913;c &gt; 100 ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i n&#234;n ngh&#297; t&#7899;i OKR v&#224; ph&#7843;i c&#243; Operating Rhythm.</strong></h3><p>Khi t&#7893; ch&#7913;c l&#7899;n, nhi&#7873;u team ch&#7841;y nhi&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng, OKR b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7853;t s&#7921; v&#236; n&#243; t&#7841;o ra <strong>visibility</strong> ai &#273;ang l&#224;m g&#236;, c&#243; &#273;ang ch&#7841;y c&#249;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng kh&#244;ng.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng ph&#7843;i k&#232;m theo nh&#7883;p v&#7853;n h&#224;nh nghi&#234;m ng&#7863;t:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Weekly check-in</strong> (15 ph&#250;t): M&#7895;i team update ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7897; KR. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t m&#224; &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n s&#7899;m n&#7871;u &#273;ang ch&#7879;ch h&#432;&#7899;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>Mid-quarter review</strong> (1 bu&#7893;i): Gi&#7919;a qu&#253;, t&#7845;t c&#7843; team c&#249;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225;: OKR n&#224;o c&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh? Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i g&#236;? C&#243; KR n&#224;o &#273;&#227; tr&#7903; n&#234;n v&#244; ngh&#297;a?</p></li><li><p><strong>End-of-quarter scoring</strong> (1 bu&#7893;i): Ch&#7845;m &#273;i&#7875;m trung th&#7921;c. 0.6-0.7 = t&#7889;t. 1.0 = set qu&#225; d&#7877;. D&#432;&#7899;i 0.3 = c&#7847;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7841;i sao.</p></li></ul><p>Kh&#244;ng c&#243; cadence n&#224;y th&#236; OKR ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;i file Google Sheet ch&#7871;t.</p><h3><strong>4. M&#7895;i team t&#7889;i &#273;a 2 Objectives, m&#7895;i Objective t&#7889;i &#273;a 3 KRs</strong></h3><p>Quy t&#7855;c ng&#243;n tay c&#225;i: N&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; nh&#7899; h&#7871;t OKR c&#7911;a team m&#236;nh m&#224; ph&#7843;i m&#7903; file ra xem, b&#7841;n c&#243; qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u OKR. C&#7855;t b&#7899;t cho &#273;&#7871;n khi team c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c vanh v&#225;ch OKR m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n nh&#236;n m&#224;n h&#236;nh.</p><p>2 Objectives &#215; 3 KRs = <strong>6 con s&#7889;</strong> c&#7847;n track. V&#7915;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; focus. V&#7915;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; nh&#7899;. V&#7915;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra impact th&#7853;t.</p><div><hr></div><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t c&#226;u m&#236;nh hay n&#243;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c PM khi h&#7887;i v&#7873; OKR: OKR, Scrum, PLG, Growth Hacking... t&#7845;t c&#7843; ch&#7881; l&#224; <strong>c&#244;ng c&#7909;</strong>. C&#225;i nguy hi&#7875;m nh&#7845;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ch&#7885;n sai c&#244;ng c&#7909;. C&#225;i nguy hi&#7875;m nh&#7845;t l&#224; <strong>t&#244;n s&#249;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; nh&#432; t&#244;n gi&#225;o</strong> r&#7891;i khi t&#244;n gi&#225;o th&#7845;t b&#7841;i, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng d&#225;m v&#7913;t b&#7887; v&#236; s&#7907; mang ti&#7871;ng kh&#244;ng ti&#7871;n b&#7897;.</p><p>Google th&#224;nh c&#244;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i <em>nh&#7901;</em> OKR. Google th&#224;nh c&#244;ng v&#236; h&#7885; c&#243; talent, c&#243; ti&#7873;n, c&#243; v&#259;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7911; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh &#273;&#7875; OKR ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng. B&#7841;n photocopy c&#225;i framework m&#224; kh&#244;ng photocopy &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;i v&#259;n h&#243;a, th&#236; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; nh&#7853;n l&#7841;i ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n sao m&#7901; nh&#7841;t, m&#233;o m&#243;, v&#224; t&#7889;n k&#233;m.</p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi set OKR qu&#253; t&#7899;i, h&#227;y t&#7921; h&#7887;i m&#7897;t c&#226;u th&#7853;t th&#224;: <em>&#8220;Team m&#236;nh &#273;ang d&#249;ng OKR &#273;&#7875; &#273;i nhanh h&#417;n, hay &#273;ang d&#249;ng OKR &#273;&#7875; tr&#244;ng c&#243; v&#7867; chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p h&#417;n?&#8221;</em></p><p>N&#7871;u &#273;&#225;p &#225;n l&#224; c&#225;i sau t&#7855;t c&#225;i dashboard &#273;i, m&#7903; c&#225;i whiteboard ra, vi&#7871;t 3 th&#7913; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t tu&#7847;n n&#224;y l&#234;n. B&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; &#273;&#243;.</p><p><em>Tu&#7847;n t&#7899;i, <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-7-product-led-growth">Reality Check #7</a> s&#7869; &#273;&#7909;ng v&#224;o m&#7897;t th&#7847;n t&#432;&#7907;ng c&#242;n l&#7899;n h&#417;n: Product-Led Growth. Slack, Notion, Figma t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u t&#7921; b&#225;n m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n Sales. Nh&#432;ng khi startup VN l&#224;m theo, t&#7841;i sao MAU th&#236; cao m&#224; revenue th&#236;... b&#7857;ng 0? </em></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Subscribe &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#224;i s&#7899;m khi c&#243; nh&#233;</strong><em><strong>.</strong></em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Datht's Reflections ! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><p>T.D, </p><p>T6.2026</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #5: Agile Theater Khi Scrum biến thành nhà hát kịch]]></title><description><![CDATA[Team b&#7841;n standup 30 ph&#250;t m&#7895;i s&#225;ng, retro cu&#7889;i sprint ai c&#361;ng khen nhau, velocity t&#259;ng &#273;&#7873;u nh&#432;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#7851;n ship tr&#7877; 3 th&#225;ng. Ch&#224;o m&#7915;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i Agile Cosplay,lu&#244;n n&#243;i Agile nh&#432;ng ch&#7841;y Waterfall]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-5-agile-theater</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-5-agile-theater</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2026 06:30:37 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i ch&#7841;y Agile! C&#226;u n&#243;i c&#243; s&#7913;c h&#7911;y di&#7879;t ngang ng&#7917;a &#8220;Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i l&#7845;y kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng l&#224;m trung t&#226;m!&#8221; trong gi&#7899;i Tech Vi&#7879;t Nam. N&#243;i th&#236; d&#7877;, l&#224;m th&#236;... s&#7845;p m&#7863;t.</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:619224,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/198662096?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RFQU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92e5ae89-39df-462d-90c8-da8bd212bf51_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>9 gi&#7901; s&#225;ng th&#7913; Hai. Ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; t&#7841;i Qu&#7853;n 1.</p><p>M&#432;&#7901;i hai ng&#432;&#7901;i ng&#7891;i quanh m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#224;n d&#224;i. Scrum Master m&#7897;t b&#7841;n tr&#7867; c&#7847;m ch&#7913;ng ch&#7881; PSM I m&#7899;i thi tu&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7903; Jira l&#234;n m&#225;y chi&#7871;u v&#224; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u g&#7885;i t&#234;n t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i: <em>&#8220;Anh Nam, h&#244;m qua anh l&#224;m g&#236;, h&#244;m nay anh l&#224;m g&#236;, c&#243; blocker g&#236; kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</em> Anh Nam &#8212; m&#7897;t Senior Dev 8 n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m th&#7903; d&#224;i, &#273;&#7885;c y nguy&#234;n c&#225;i status &#273;&#227; ghi s&#7861;n trong Jira t&#7915; t&#7889;i h&#244;m tr&#432;&#7899;c. M&#432;&#7901;i m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#242;n l&#7841;i ng&#7891;i l&#432;&#7899;t &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i ch&#7901; &#273;&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;t.</p><p>Ba m&#432;&#417;i hai ph&#250;t sau, bu&#7893;i standup k&#7871;t th&#250;c. Kh&#244;ng ai &#273;&#7913;ng. Kh&#244;ng ai gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;. M&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#250;a ra kh&#7887;i ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p v&#224; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u... l&#224;m vi&#7879;c th&#7853;t.</p><p>V&#224; n&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#7885;c The Reality Check t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u, b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y m&#7897;t pattern: Ch&#250;ng ta c&#7913; mang s&#225;ch T&#226;y v&#7873;, b&#234; nguy&#234;n xi quy tr&#236;nh v&#224;o, r&#7891;i t&#7921; h&#7887;i t&#7841;i sao n&#243; g&#227;y. <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams">T&#7853;p #3</a></strong> &#273;&#227; n&#243;i v&#7873; chuy&#7879;n <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams">Empowered Teams</a> th&#224;nh &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#236; v&#259;n h&#243;a s&#7871;p. H&#244;m nay, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u h&#417;n m&#7897;t t&#7847;ng n&#7919;a: kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; c&#225;ch qu&#7843;n l&#253; sai, m&#224; c&#7843; <strong>quy tr&#236;nh</strong> c&#361;ng sai. Sai t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u.</p><p>B&#224;i n&#224;y s&#7869; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#7897;t hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#224; m&#236;nh g&#7885;i l&#224; <strong>&#8220;Agile Cosplay&#8221;</strong> team m&#7863;c &#273;&#7891; Agile ra tr&#7853;n nh&#432;ng b&#234;n trong v&#7851;n ch&#7841;y Waterfall, v&#224; c&#225;i gi&#225; ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; cho v&#7903; k&#7883;ch n&#224;y &#273;&#7855;t h&#417;n b&#7841;n t&#432;&#7903;ng.</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Theory: Agile Manifesto v&#224; gi&#7845;c m&#417; &#273;&#7865;p n&#259;m 2001</strong></h2><p>N&#259;m 2001, 17 &#244;ng l&#7899;n ng&#224;nh ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m ng&#7891;i l&#7841;i &#7903; m&#7897;t khu tr&#432;&#7907;t tuy&#7871;t t&#7841;i Utah v&#224; vi&#7871;t ra <strong>Agile Manifesto</strong> v&#7899;i 4 gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7889;t l&#245;i v&#224; 12 nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c. N&#243;i g&#7885;n l&#7841;i th&#236; th&#7871; n&#224;y:</p><ul><li><p>Coi tr&#7885;ng <strong>con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c</strong> h&#417;n quy tr&#236;nh v&#224; c&#244;ng c&#7909;.</p></li><li><p>Coi tr&#7885;ng <strong>ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m ch&#7841;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</strong> h&#417;n t&#224;i li&#7879;u &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;.</p></li><li><p>Coi tr&#7885;ng <strong>c&#7897;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</strong> h&#417;n &#273;&#224;m ph&#225;n h&#7907;p &#273;&#7891;ng.</p></li><li><p>Coi tr&#7885;ng <strong>ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng v&#7899;i thay &#273;&#7893;i</strong> h&#417;n b&#225;m theo k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch.</p></li></ul><p>&#272;&#7865;p. Th&#244;ng minh. R&#7845;t &#273;&#250;ng.</p><p>R&#7891;i t&#7915; c&#225;i Manifesto thanh l&#7883;ch &#273;&#243;, ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;&#7867; ra c&#7843; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7871; ch&#7871;: Scrum, Kanban, SAFe, LeSS, Nexus, Disciplined Agile... m&#7895;i framework &#273;i k&#232;m m&#7897;t h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i ch&#7913;ng ch&#7881;, kh&#243;a h&#7885;c, v&#224; consultant c&#243; gi&#225; t&#7915; $2,000 &#273;&#7871;n $50,000 m&#7897;t &#273;&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i. Agile kh&#244;ng c&#242;n l&#224; m&#7897;t tri&#7871;t l&#253;. N&#243; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t <strong>ng&#224;nh c&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p</strong>.</p><p>Scrum framework ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t quy &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; r&#224;ng: Sprint 2 tu&#7847;n, Daily Standup 15 ph&#250;t, Sprint Review, Sprint Retro, Sprint Planning. Ba vai tr&#242;: Product Owner, Scrum Master, Development Team. M&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;i g&#7885;n g&#224;ng, d&#7877; tri&#7875;n khai.</p><p>&#7902; M&#7929;, v&#7899;i v&#259;n h&#243;a flat hierarchy r&#245; r&#224;ng, quy&#7873;n t&#7921; quy&#7871;t cao, v&#224; team &#273;&#227; quen v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c challenge &#253; ki&#7871;n s&#7871;p Scrum ch&#7841;y ngon l&#224;nh. Nh&#432;ng khi c&#225;i framework &#273;&#243; bay 16,000 km t&#7915; San Francisco v&#7873; S&#224;i G&#242;n hay H&#224; N&#7897;i th&#236; sao?</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Breaking Point: &#8220;Water-Scrum-Fall&#8221; v&#224; v&#7903; k&#7883;ch 15 ti&#7871;ng/tu&#7847;n</strong></h2><p>M&#236;nh s&#7869; kh&#244;ng v&#242;ng vo. Th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#7903; ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty tech Vi&#7879;t Nam l&#224; th&#7871; n&#224;y: h&#7885; kh&#244;ng ch&#7841;y Agile. H&#7885; ch&#7841;y m&#7897;t th&#7913; m&#224; d&#226;n trong ngh&#7873; g&#7885;i l&#224; <strong>Water-Scrum-Fall </strong>vi&#7871;t spec ki&#7875;u Waterfall (tr&#234;n xu&#7889;ng, kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i), meeting ki&#7875;u Scrum (ceremony &#273;&#7911; c&#7843;), v&#224; tr&#7877; deadline y h&#7879;t Waterfall truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng tr&#234;n LinkedIn v&#224; trong JD tuy&#7875;n d&#7909;ng, v&#7851;n vi&#7871;t r&#7845;t m&#7841;nh m&#7869;: <em>&#8220;We are an Agile organization.&#8221;</em></p><p>M&#236;nh hay g&#7885;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; <strong>Agile Cosplay</strong> d&#226;n gi&#7843; h&#417;n l&#224; <strong>Agile Gi&#7843; C&#7847;y</strong></p><p>V&#224; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; 3 tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng b&#7879;nh n&#7863;ng nh&#7845;t:</p><p><strong>Tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng 1: Standup bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh bu&#7893;i b&#225;o c&#225;o.</strong></p><p>Theo Scrum Guide, Daily Standup l&#224; bu&#7893;i &#273;&#7891;ng b&#7897; ng&#7855;n <strong>do team t&#7921; t&#7893; ch&#7913;c</strong>. 15 ph&#250;t, &#273;&#7913;ng, ch&#7881; n&#243;i blocker. Nh&#432;ng &#7903; nhi&#7873;u n&#417;i, standup bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh bu&#7893;i tr&#236;nh di&#7877;n cho Scrum Master ho&#7863;c t&#7879; h&#417;n cho Engineering Manager ng&#7891;i ghi ch&#233;p ai c&#243; v&#7867; l&#224;m &#237;t.</p><p>Kh&#7843;o s&#225;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty t&#432; v&#7845;n Agile cho th&#7845;y h&#417;n 60% developer coi standup l&#224; waste of time &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#7899;i team remote. H&#7885; ph&#7843;i d&#7853;y s&#7899;m join Zoom, &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i c&#225;i &#273;&#227; vi&#7871;t s&#7861;n tr&#234;n Jira, r&#7891;i t&#7855;t camera &#273;i u&#7889;ng c&#224; ph&#234;. C&#225;i bu&#7893;i h&#7885;p 15 ph&#250;t &#273;&#243;, c&#7897;ng th&#234;m th&#7901;i gian chu&#7849;n b&#7883; v&#224; context switching, th&#7921;c t&#7871; ng&#7889;n 30-45 ph&#250;t m&#7895;i ng&#224;y. Nh&#226;n l&#234;n 5 ng&#224;y. Nh&#226;n l&#234;n 10 ng&#432;&#7901;i. M&#7895;i tu&#7847;n bay m&#7845;t <strong>37-75 gi&#7901; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c</strong> c&#7911;a c&#7843; team ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c to c&#225;i Jira ticket cho nhau nghe.</p><p><em>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7845;y c&#225;i s&#7921; c&#224; ch&#7899;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng?</em></p><p><strong>Tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng 2: Retro th&#224;nh bu&#7893;i team building cho xong.</strong></p><p>Sprint Retrospective &#273;&#225;ng l&#7869; l&#224; bu&#7893;i t&#7921; soi g&#432;&#417;ng t&#224;n nh&#7851;n nh&#7845;t: c&#225;i g&#236; sai, t&#7841;i sao sai, v&#224; s&#7917;a ra sao. Nh&#432;ng &#7903; n&#417;i v&#259;n h&#243;a d&#297; h&#242;a vi qu&#253; th&#7845;m v&#224;o x&#432;&#417;ng retro bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh bu&#7893;i khen nhau.</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>&#8220;Sprint n&#224;y team l&#224;m t&#7889;t l&#7855;m!&#8221;, &#8220;&#7914;, c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n th&#234;m ch&#250;t n&#7919;a l&#224; ngon!&#8221;</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>Kh&#244;ng ai d&#225;m n&#243;i r&#7857;ng c&#225;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng v&#7915;a ship ra l&#224; v&#7899; v&#7851;n &#273;&#7847;y l&#7895;i v&#236; s&#7871;p ch&#7881; &#273;&#7841;o. Kh&#244;ng ai d&#225;m ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng Scrum Master ch&#7859;ng gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c blocker n&#224;o su&#7889;t 2 tu&#7847;n. V&#224; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n kh&#244;ng ai d&#225;m &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t c&#7855;t b&#7899;t ceremony v&#236; s&#7907; b&#7883; quy k&#7871;t l&#224; kh&#244;ng Agile.</p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;? M&#7895;i sprint retro &#273;&#7867; ra 5-7 action items m&#224; kh&#244;ng ai follow up. Sprint sau l&#7863;p l&#7841;i y chang. C&#225;i v&#242;ng l&#7863;p c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c (Continuous Improvement) linh h&#7891;n c&#7911;a Agile ch&#7871;t t&#7915; trong tr&#7913;ng n&#432;&#7899;c.</p><p><strong>Tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng 3: Scrum Master tr&#7903; th&#224;nh Jira Admin sang ch&#7843;nh.</strong></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m nh&#7845;t m&#224; &#237;t ai d&#225;m n&#243;i. Trong nhi&#7873;u c&#244;ng ty , Scrum Master th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t ch&#7881; l&#224;m m&#7845;y vi&#7879;c n&#224;y: t&#7841;o sprint tr&#234;n Jira, nh&#7855;c m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i update ticket, book ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p, v&#224; facilitate (d&#7851;n d&#7855;t) c&#225;c ceremony.</p><p>Nghe quen kh&#244;ng? &#272;&#243; l&#224; m&#244; t&#7843; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a m&#7897;t <strong>Project Coordinator</strong> v&#7899;i m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng th&#7845;p h&#417;n 2-3 l&#7847;n.</p><p>N&#259;m 2026, khi AI &#273;&#227; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7921; generate sprint report, t&#7921; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p blocker t&#7915; Slack, th&#7853;m ch&#237; t&#7921; suggest story point &#8212; th&#236; c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#7863;t ra l&#224;: Scrum Master c&#242;n t&#7841;o ra gi&#225; tr&#7883; g&#236;? Th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;ang tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#243; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch s&#225;p nh&#7853;p vai tr&#242; Scrum Master v&#224;o c&#225;c title r&#7897;ng h&#417;n: Delivery Manager, Product Operations, ho&#7863;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224;... tr&#7843; l&#7841;i cho PM.</p><p>(M&#236;nh bi&#7871;t vi&#7871;t &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y ra s&#7869; b&#7883; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7889;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; ch&#7913;ng ch&#7881; SAFe ch&#7917;i. Nh&#432;ng k&#7879;. S&#7921; th&#7853;t th&#236; v&#7851;n l&#224; s&#7921; th&#7853;t.)</p><div><hr></div><p>R&#7891;i, n&#243;i xong 3 tri&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng, b&#226;y gi&#7901; zoom out m&#7897;t ch&#250;t &#273;&#7875; nh&#236;n c&#225;i <strong>h&#7879; th&#7889;ng</strong> &#273;ang t&#7841;o ra v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y ?</p><p>T&#7841;i sao Agile Cosplay t&#7891;n t&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c? V&#236; n&#243; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; l&#7907;i &#237;ch c&#7911;a r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i:</p><ul><li><p><strong>S&#7871;p:</strong> C&#243; ceremony &#273;&#7875; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t team m&#224; v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7871;ng d&#226;n ch&#7911;. Standup h&#224;ng ng&#224;y = b&#225;o c&#225;o h&#224;ng ng&#224;y nh&#432;ng g&#7885;i t&#234;n hay h&#417;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>HR:</strong> C&#243; framework oai &#273;&#7875; vi&#7871;t v&#224;o trang tuy&#7875;n d&#7909;ng: <em>Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i &#225;p d&#7909;ng Agile/Scrum.</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Consultant:</strong> B&#225;n kh&#243;a &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o Agile Transformation v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#234;n tr&#7901;i. Xong qu&#7845;t v&#224;i c&#225;i ceremony v&#224;o, ship cho kh&#225;ch c&#225;i PowerPoint &#273;&#7865;p, r&#7891;i bi&#7871;n m&#7845;t.</p></li><li><p><strong>Scrum Master:</strong> C&#243; job title ngon l&#224;nh, l&#432;&#417;ng &#7893;n, v&#224; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c h&#224;ng ng&#224;y ch&#7911; y&#7871;u l&#224;... book ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p.</p></li><li><p><strong>PM:</strong> C&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i Scrum Master g&#225;nh m&#7845;y c&#225;i ceremony l&#7863;t v&#7863;t &#273;&#7875; m&#236;nh r&#7843;nh tay l&#224;m vi&#7879;c kh&#225;c.</p></li></ul><p>Ai c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7907;i. Tr&#7915; <strong>s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m</strong> v&#224; <strong>kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</strong>.</p><p>M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng h&#7887;i m&#7897;t anh CTO startup &#7903; Qu&#7853;n 7: <em>&#8220;Cycle time trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a team anh l&#224; bao l&#226;u t&#7915; l&#250;c <strong>idea quan tr&#7885;ng</strong> t&#7899;i l&#250;c l&#234;n production?&#8221;</em> Anh &#7845;y tr&#7843; l&#7901;i t&#7921; tin: <em>&#8220;2 sprint, t&#7847;m 4 tu&#7847;n.&#8221;</em></p><p>M&#236;nh b&#7843;o: <em>&#8220;Anh &#273;o l&#7841;i &#273;i. &#272;o t&#7915; l&#250;c idea xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u trong cu&#7897;c h&#7885;p, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#7915; l&#250;c n&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi v&#224;o Jira.&#8221;</em></p><p>Anh &#7845;y &#273;o l&#7841;i. K&#7871;t qu&#7843;: <strong>11 tu&#7847;n</strong>. V&#236; idea ph&#7843;i qua 3 t&#7847;ng duy&#7879;t tr&#432;&#7899;c khi v&#224;o backlog. R&#7891;i n&#7857;m trong backlog 4 tu&#7847;n ch&#7901; &#432;u ti&#234;n. R&#7891;i m&#7899;i v&#224;o sprint.</p><p>B&#7889;n tu&#7847;n sprint, nh&#432;ng 11 tu&#7847;n cycle time. Agile &#7903; ch&#7895; n&#224;o?</p><div><hr></div><h2><strong>The Patch: Flow-First H&#227;y t&#7853;p trung &#273;o Flow c&#7911;a team.</strong></h2><p>M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#253; b&#7843;o Agile l&#224; sai. Tri&#7871;t l&#253; Agile th&#237;ch &#7913;ng nhanh, ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i s&#7899;m, gi&#7843;m l&#227;ng ph&#237; l&#224; &#273;&#250;ng. C&#225;i sai l&#224; <strong>c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng ta tri&#7875;n khai n&#243;</strong>. Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t tri&#7871;t l&#253; linh ho&#7841;t th&#224;nh m&#7897;t t&#244;n gi&#225;o c&#7913;ng nh&#7855;c, r&#7891;i th&#7855;c m&#7855;c t&#7841;i sao th&#7847;n kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7897; n&#243; &#273;i nhanh.</p><p>Theo m&#236;nh &#273;&#226;y l&#224; B&#7843;n v&#225; cho Agile Cosplay. M&#236;nh g&#7885;i n&#243; l&#224; <strong>&#8220;Flow-First&#8221;</strong> &#432;u ti&#234;n d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c th&#7921;c t&#7871;, kh&#244;ng &#432;u ti&#234;n ceremony.</p><h3><strong>1. &#272;o Cycle Time, &#273;&#7889;t b&#7887; Velocity</strong></h3><p>Velocity (s&#7889; story point ho&#224;n th&#224;nh m&#7895;i sprint) l&#224; ch&#7881; s&#7889; d&#7877; game nh&#7845;t tr&#234;n &#273;&#7901;i. Team c&#7913; inflate story point l&#234;n l&#224; velocity t&#7921; t&#259;ng. S&#7871;p vui. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7865;p. Nh&#432;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#7851;n ship tr&#7877;.</p><p>Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#227;y &#273;o <strong>Cycle Time</strong> th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c t&#7915; l&#250;c task b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c n&#243; l&#234;n production. Con s&#7889; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng n&#243;i d&#7889;i. N&#7871;u cycle time trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a team b&#7841;n l&#224; 3 tu&#7847;n m&#224; sprint ch&#7881; c&#243; 2 tu&#7847;n, th&#236; b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t ngay: sprint boundary (ranh gi&#7899;i sprint) &#273;ang tr&#7903; th&#224;nh n&#250;t th&#7855;t c&#7893; chai thay v&#236; c&#225;i m&#7889;c &#273;&#7875; ship s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m nhanh.</p><p>H&#7887;i team b&#7841;n: <em>&#8220;T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; delivery th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; nhanh h&#417;n sau khi ch&#7841;y Scrum kh&#244;ng?&#8221;</em> N&#7871;u c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i l&#224; &#7845;p &#250;ng b&#7841;n &#273;ang cosplay.</p><h3><strong>2. Standup &#8594; Async Check-in, ch&#7881; sync khi c&#243; l&#7917;a</strong></h3><p>&#221; t&#432;&#7903;ng g&#7889;c c&#7911;a standup l&#224; t&#7889;t: m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7891;ng b&#7897; nhanh, ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n blocker s&#7899;m. Nh&#432;ng trong th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i remote work v&#224; AI v&#224; ng&#7891;i g&#7847;n nhau v&#236; nhi&#7873;u cty &#273;&#227; b&#7887; wfh, c&#225;ch th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#7847;n thay &#273;&#7893;i ho&#224;n to&#224;n.</p><p><strong>C&#225;ch l&#224;m:</strong> M&#7895;i s&#225;ng, m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#224;nh 3 ph&#250;t g&#245; update v&#224;o m&#7897;t channel Slack/Teams &#8230; chuy&#234;n bi&#7879;t (ho&#7863;c d&#249;ng bot t&#7921; h&#7887;i). Format si&#234;u g&#7885;n:</p><ul><li><p>&#128994; &#272;ang l&#224;m: [task]</p></li><li><p>&#128308; Stuck: [blocker c&#7909; th&#7875; + tag ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;n gi&#250;p]</p></li></ul><p>Ch&#7881; khi c&#243; &#128308; blocker th&#7853;t s&#7921; m&#7899;i c&#7847;n sync call v&#224; ch&#7881; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i li&#234;n quan m&#7899;i c&#7847;n tham gia. Kh&#244;ng c&#243; blocker? Kh&#244;ng c&#243; meeting. &#272;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#7853;y th&#244;i.</p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843;? Team m&#236;nh th&#7917; c&#225;ch n&#224;y v&#224; gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trung b&#236;nh <strong>4.5 gi&#7901;/tu&#7847;n/ng&#432;&#7901;i</strong> &#8212; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng h&#417;n n&#7917;a ng&#224;y l&#224;m vi&#7879;c. N&#7917;a ng&#224;y &#273;&#243; dev d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; code. PM d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; research. Kh&#244;ng ai d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; ng&#7891;i l&#432;&#7899;t &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i trong ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p.</p><h3><strong>3. Kill the ceremony bloat Gi&#7919; l&#7841;i 2, &#273;&#7889;t b&#7887; ph&#7847;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i</strong></h3><p>Scrum c&#243; 5 event: Sprint Planning, Daily Standup, Sprint Review, Sprint Retro, Backlog Refinement. &#7902; team 8 ng&#432;&#7901;i, t&#7893;ng th&#7901;i gian ceremony m&#7895;i sprint (2 tu&#7847;n) l&#224; kho&#7843;ng <strong>15-20 ti&#7871;ng</strong>.</p><p>M&#432;&#7901;i l&#259;m ti&#7871;ng. Cho ceremony. Trong 80 ti&#7871;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c. G&#7847;n 20% th&#7901;i gian c&#7911;a team bay v&#224;o ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p.</p><p><strong>C&#225;ch l&#224;m:</strong> Gi&#7919; l&#7841;i 2 event quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t, g&#7897;p v&#224; tinh g&#7885;n ph&#7847;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Weekly Planning + Refinement</strong> (g&#7897;p 2 th&#224;nh 1, t&#7889;i &#273;a 60 ph&#250;t/tu&#7847;n): Ch&#7889;t tu&#7847;n n&#224;y l&#224;m g&#236;, clarify task n&#224;o ch&#432;a r&#245;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Bi-weekly Demo + Retro</strong> (g&#7897;p 2 th&#224;nh 1, t&#7889;i &#273;a 45 ph&#250;t): Show h&#224;ng cho stakeholder + 15 ph&#250;t retro nhanh theo format &#8220;1 thing to keep, 1 thing to kill.&#8221;</p></li></ol><p>Standup &#273;&#227; chuy&#7875;n sang async r&#7891;i. T&#7893;ng c&#7897;ng: <strong>~2.5 ti&#7871;ng ceremony/2 tu&#7847;n</strong> thay v&#236; 15-20 ti&#7871;ng. Team nh&#7865; nh&#245;m. S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ch&#7841;y nhanh h&#417;n.</p><h3><strong>4. Rebundle Scrum Master ho&#7863;c n&#226;ng c&#7845;p, ho&#7863;c lo&#7841;i b&#7887;</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;i &#273;au m&#224; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n nghe. N&#7871;u Scrum Master c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;ang l&#224;m vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a Jira Admin th&#236; b&#7841;n c&#243; hai l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n:</p><ul><li><p><strong>N&#226;ng c&#7845;p</strong> th&#224;nh Delivery Manager th&#7921;c th&#7909;: Ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7885;c Cycle Time, bi&#7871;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch bottleneck trong value stream, bi&#7871;t negotiate deadline v&#7899;i stakeholder. &#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i facilitate meeting &#273;&#226;y l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i <strong>t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y delivery</strong> c&#7911;a c&#7843; team.</p></li><li><p><strong>Lo&#7841;i b&#7887;</strong> v&#224; tr&#7843; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m v&#7873; cho PM + Tech Lead: PM lo priority v&#224; stakeholder, Tech Lead lo technical decisions v&#224; unblock. Hai ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p l&#224; &#273;&#7911;. Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7913; ba ng&#7891;i gi&#7919;a ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; h&#7887;i <em>c&#243; blocker g&#236; kh&#244;ng?</em></p></li></ul><p>L&#7921;a ch&#7885;n n&#224;o c&#361;ng &#273;au. Nh&#432;ng c&#7913; &#273;&#7875; Scrum Master ng&#7891;i book ph&#242;ng h&#7885;p v&#7899;i m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng 25-40 tri&#7879;u/th&#225;ng th&#236; &#273;au h&#417;n &#273;au &#7903; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch.</p><div><hr></div><p>M&#236;nh nh&#7899; h&#7891;i 2020, c&#243; m&#7897;t startup m&#224; m&#236;nh mentor &#7903; Th&#7911; &#272;&#7913;c. Team 12 ng&#432;&#7901;i, thu&#234; consultant v&#7873; tri&#7875;n khai Scrum &#273;&#250;ng b&#224;i. Sau 3 th&#225;ng, CEO g&#7885;i m&#236;nh b&#7843;o: <em>&#8220;Anh &#272;&#7841;t &#417;i, sao t&#7909;i em ch&#7841;y Agile m&#224; ship c&#242;n ch&#7853;m h&#417;n l&#250;c tr&#432;&#7899;c?&#8221;</em></p><p>M&#236;nh qua nh&#236;n c&#225;i board Jira c&#7911;a team, th&#7845;y m&#7895;i sprint c&#243; 45-50 ticket, grooming session k&#233;o d&#224;i 2 ti&#7871;ng v&#236; Product Owner ng&#7891;i gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch t&#7915;ng c&#225;i ticket m&#7897;t, retro th&#236; ai c&#361;ng vi&#7871;t sticky note khen nhau. M&#236;nh h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;Trong 3 th&#225;ng qua, retro &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o ra bao nhi&#234;u thay &#273;&#7893;i th&#7921;c s&#7921;?&#8221;</em></p><p>Im l&#7863;ng.</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>&#8220;V&#7853;y th&#236; retro c&#7911;a c&#225;c em &#273;ang ph&#7909;c v&#7909; ai? Ph&#7909;c v&#7909; team hay ph&#7909;c v&#7909; quy tr&#236;nh?&#8221;</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>CEO im th&#234;m 5 gi&#226;y r&#7891;i n&#243;i: <em>&#8220;Ph&#7909;c v&#7909; c&#225;i ch&#7913;ng ch&#7881; Agile c&#7911;a &#244;ng n&#7897;i consultant.&#8221;</em></p><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#250;c m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t: Agile Cosplay kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; quy tr&#236;nh. N&#243; l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; <strong>incentive</strong>. Khi incentive c&#7911;a t&#7893; ch&#7913;c l&#224; tr&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng Agile thay v&#236; ship nhanh v&#224; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng, th&#236; m&#7885;i ceremony &#273;&#7873;u tr&#7903; th&#224;nh di&#7877;n k&#7883;ch.</p><div><hr></div><p>B&#7889;n t&#7853;p tr&#432;&#7899;c, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7853;p PMF &#7843;o, Retention gi&#7843;, Empowered Teams trong m&#417;, v&#224; Growth b&#7857;ng m&#7885;i gi&#225;. B&#224;i h&#244;m nay th&#234;m m&#7897;t vi&#234;n g&#7841;ch n&#7919;a v&#224;o b&#7913;c t&#432;&#7901;ng hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c: ngay c&#7843; <strong>c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng ta t&#7893; ch&#7913;c c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c h&#224;ng ng&#224;y</strong> c&#361;ng &#273;ang l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#7903; k&#7883;ch.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng tin t&#7889;t l&#224;: kh&#225;c v&#7899;i PMF hay Growth nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; ti&#7873;n b&#7841;c quy tr&#236;nh l&#224; th&#7913; <strong>b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i ngay trong sprint t&#7899;i</strong>. Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n xin s&#7871;p. Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n th&#234;m budget. Ch&#7881; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7911; can &#273;&#7843;m &#273;&#7875; h&#7887;i m&#7897;t c&#226;u:</p><blockquote><p><em><strong>N&#7871;u ng&#224;y mai x&#243;a h&#7871;t ceremony, ch&#7881; gi&#7919; l&#7841;i m&#7897;t, team s&#7869; gi&#7919; l&#7841;i c&#225;i n&#224;o?</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i s&#7869; cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t team th&#7853;t s&#7921; c&#7847;n g&#236;. Ph&#7847;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i? K&#7883;ch.</p><p><em>Tu&#7847;n t&#7899;i, Reality Check #6 s&#7869; x&#233; to&#7841;c m&#7897;t &#8220;t&#244;n gi&#225;o&#8221; kh&#225;c m&#224; m&#7885;i c&#244;ng ty tech &#273;&#7873;u th&#7901; ph&#7909;ng: OKR. Khi n&#224;o OKR l&#224; la b&#224;n th&#7853;t, khi n&#224;o n&#243; ch&#7881; l&#224; KPI &#273;&#7897;i m&#361; sang ch&#7843;nh? Ch&#7901; xem.</em></p><p>T.D, T6.2026</p><div><hr></div><p>P/s: L&#224;m g&#7885;n, nhanh v&#224; thay &#273;&#7893;i quy tr&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n v&#244; k&#7929; lu&#7853;t, thi&#7871;u t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng team, kh&#244;ng update c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#7875; team hi&#7875;u b&#7841;n l&#224;m g&#236;. Lean # V&#244; k&#7929; lu&#7853;t.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #4: Growth Hacking hay Growth Phá Sản?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#272;&#7893; ti&#7873;n ch&#7841;y ads b&#417;m khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;y user r&#7891;i t&#7921; h&#224;o g&#7885;i &#273;&#243; l&#224; Growth Hacking. &#272;&#7871;n l&#250;c nh&#236;n l&#7841;i b&#225;o c&#225;o P&L m&#7899;i t&#233; ng&#7917;a: c&#224;ng t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng, c&#244;ng ty c&#224;ng l&#7895; s&#7845;p m&#7863;t.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-4-growth-hacking</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-4-growth-hacking</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2026 05:01:23 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!np8x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb99fd6b2-c1b6-4e91-82a9-062c5d803158_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>&#8220;Growth Hacking kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; mua user b&#7857;ng m&#7885;i gi&#225;. N&#7871;u CAC l&#7899;n h&#417;n LTV, th&#7913; b&#7841;n &#273;ang hack kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng, m&#224; l&#224; s&#7889; d&#432; t&#224;i kho&#7843;n c&#7911;a nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432;.&#8221;</strong></em></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!np8x!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb99fd6b2-c1b6-4e91-82a9-062c5d803158_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!np8x!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb99fd6b2-c1b6-4e91-82a9-062c5d803158_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!np8x!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb99fd6b2-c1b6-4e91-82a9-062c5d803158_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!np8x!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb99fd6b2-c1b6-4e91-82a9-062c5d803158_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!np8x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb99fd6b2-c1b6-4e91-82a9-062c5d803158_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!np8x!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb99fd6b2-c1b6-4e91-82a9-062c5d803158_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau khi &#273;i qua PMF &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng (<strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-1-cau-hoi-kho-giai">The Reality Check #</a><a href="http://localhost:3000/methods/260505-reality-check-pmf-vietnam">1</a></strong>), Retention g&#227;y g&#225;nh (<strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-2-retention-loops">The Reality Check #2</a></strong>), v&#224; l&#224;m PM d&#432;&#7899;i quy&#7873;n &#244;ng s&#7871;p kh&#243; ch&#236;u (<strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams">The Reality Check #3</a></strong>), h&#244;m nay ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; ch&#7889;t h&#7841; th&#225;ng 5 b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t c&#250; l&#7915;a kinh &#273;i&#7875;n nh&#7845;t gi&#7899;i Tech: <strong>Growth Hacking</strong>.</p><p>T&#7847;m 5-7 n&#259;m tr&#432;&#7899;c, ch&#7919; Growth Hacker &#273;i &#273;&#226;u c&#361;ng nghe. N&#243; hot &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c m&#7845;y &#244;ng th&#7847;n l&#224;m Marketing Facebook Ads &#273;&#7893;i title LinkedIn r&#7847;n r&#7847;n th&#224;nh Growth Lead &#7903; VN c&#361;ng c&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ae l&#224;m growth x&#7883;n nh&#432;ng nhi&#7873;u &#244;ng th&#236; ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7895;i b&#224;i ch&#7841;y Ads r&#7891;i t&#7921; nh&#7853;n m&#236;nh l&#224; growth hack. C&#225;c PM th&#236; b&#7883; l&#249;a b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n th&#7847;n tho&#7841;i c&#7911;a Airbnb, Dropbox hay Hotmail ki&#7875;u ch&#7881; c&#7847;n s&#7917;a m&#7897;t d&#242;ng text hay t&#236;m 1 CVP hay, c&#243; khi th&#234;m m&#7897;t c&#225;i n&#250;t Share l&#224; user t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng x100 l&#7847;n &#234;m ru.</p><p>Th&#7871; l&#224; anh em PM Vi&#7879;t Nam x&#7855;n tay &#225;o l&#234;n l&#224;m Growth. G&#7855;n tool tracking, ch&#7841;y A/B test, nh&#7891;i nh&#233;t Gamification, r&#7843;i voucher kh&#7855;p m&#7863;t tr&#7853;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7849;y con s&#7889; Acquisition (Thu h&#250;t ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng).</p><p>M&#7895;i th&#225;ng ch&#7889;t b&#225;o c&#225;o, MAU t&#259;ng 30%. S&#7871;p g&#7853;t g&#249; khen th&#432;&#7903;ng. C&#7843; c&#244;ng ty &#273;i nh&#7853;u &#259;n m&#7915;ng v&#236; s&#7855;p th&#224;nh k&#7923; l&#226;n t&#7899;i n&#417;i r&#7891;i.</p><p>N&#7917;a n&#259;m sau, b&#7897; ph&#7853;n T&#224;i ch&#237;nh b&#225;o tin s&#233;t &#273;&#225;nh: C&#244;ng ty &#273;&#7913;t x&#237;ch d&#242;ng ti&#7873;n kh&#244;ng g&#7885;i th&#234;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7889;n, chu&#7849;n b&#7883; c&#7855;t gi&#7843;m 50% nh&#226;n s&#7921;.</p><p>&#7910;a? Chuy&#7879;n g&#236; c&#224; ch&#7899;n v&#7853;y? T&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng &#7847;m &#7847;m m&#224; sao ph&#225; s&#7843;n?</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Theory: V&#242;ng l&#7863;p T&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng (Growth Loops) c&#7911;a Thung l&#361;ng Silicon</strong></h3><p>S&#225;ch gi&#225;o khoa c&#7911;a Sean Ellis v&#224; Reforge &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a Growth Hacking c&#7921;c k&#7923; khoa h&#7885;c. N&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#225;nh kh&#243;e &#273;&#7875; hack, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng:</p><ol><li><p><strong>T&#236;m ra Aha Moment:</strong> Kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c user nh&#7853;n ra gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. (V&#237; d&#7909;: Facebook nh&#7853;n ra n&#7871;u user add &#273;&#7911; 7 friends trong 10 ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, h&#7885; s&#7869; &#7903; l&#7841;i m&#227;i m&#227;i).</p></li><li><p><strong>X&#226;y d&#7921;ng Growth Loops:</strong> H&#7879; th&#7889;ng kh&#233;p k&#237;n n&#417;i l&#432;&#7907;ng user hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng mang v&#7873; l&#432;&#7907;ng user m&#7899;i (V&#237; d&#7909;: Dropbox t&#7863;ng dung l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#7871;u m&#7901;i b&#7841;n b&#232;).</p></li><li><p><strong>T&#7889;i &#432;u ph&#7877;u (Funnel):</strong> Li&#234;n t&#7909;c A/B test t&#7915;ng &#273;i&#7875;m ch&#7841;m &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m Friction (l&#7921;c c&#7843;n) t&#7915; l&#250;c user t&#7843;i app &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c h&#7885; tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n.</p></li></ol><p>L&#253; thuy&#7871;t n&#224;y ngon d&#7877; &#225;p d&#7909;ng. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224;, &#7903; M&#7929;, m&#7897;t user tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n cho ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m v&#237; d&#7909; SaaS c&#243; bi&#234;n l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n Margin l&#234;n t&#7899;i 80-90%. B&#7841;n &#273;&#7893; ti&#7873;n marketing mang h&#7885; v&#7873;, th&#225;ng sau h&#7885; gia h&#7841;n l&#224; b&#7841;n hu&#7873; v&#7889;n.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng anh em l&#7841;i &#273;em c&#225;i framework &#273;&#243; &#7889;p v&#224;o m&#7843;ng O2O (Online-to-Offline), E-commerce, v&#224; Food Delivery &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam hay k&#7875; c&#225;c c&#225;c Saas c&#243; ti&#7871;ng &#7903; VN hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Breaking Point: Khi T&#259;ng Tr&#432;&#7903;ng ngh&#297;a l&#224; &#272;&#7889;t L&#227;i.</strong></h3><p>S&#7921; th&#7853;t ph&#361; ph&#224;ng l&#224;: &#272;&#7841;i &#273;a s&#7889; c&#225;c case study Growth Hacking &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t ch&#7881; l&#224; <strong>Voucher Hacking</strong>.</p><p>B&#7841;n t&#236;m ra Aha Moment? Kh&#244;ng, b&#7841;n t&#236;m ra Voucher Moment. User c&#224;i app, &#225;p m&#227; gi&#7843;m gi&#225; 100k cho &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, ch&#7889;t &#273;&#417;n. Aha! H&#7885; nh&#7853;n ra app b&#7841;n b&#225;n &#273;&#7891; r&#7867; b&#232;o.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7857;ng sau c&#225;nh g&#224;, b&#7913;c tranh t&#224;n kh&#7889;c c&#7911;a Unit Economics Kinh t&#7871; h&#7885;c vi m&#244; &#273;ang g&#224;o th&#233;t sau l&#432;ng:</p><ul><li><p>Chi ph&#237; ch&#7841;y ads &#273;&#7875; user c&#224;i app (CPI): 50.000&#273;.</p></li><li><p>Voucher cho &#273;&#417;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n (CAC b&#249; th&#234;m): 100.000&#273;.</p></li><li><p>Ph&#237; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh, logistic, server cho c&#225;i &#273;&#417;n &#273;&#243;: 30.000&#273;.</p></li><li><p>L&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n g&#7897;p t&#7915; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng (Gross Margin): 10.000&#273;.</p></li></ul><p>P/s : ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y d&#7921;a v&#224;o insight t&#7915; ae &#273;&#227; l&#224;m.</p><p>T&#7913;c l&#224; c&#7913; m&#7895;i l&#7847;n anh em l&#224;m Growth Hacking mang v&#7873; 1 kh&#225;ch m&#7899;i, c&#244;ng ty l&#7895; s&#7845;p m&#7863;t 170.000&#273; ~ t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng 6.46 USD cho m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;n m&#7845;t sau &#273;&#243; v&#224;i ng&#224;y. </p><p>C&#225;c PM c&#7913; ngh&#297;: <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh ch&#7883;u l&#7895; l&#250;c &#273;&#7847;u Acquisition &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;y user, r&#7891;i m&#236;nh b&#224;o h&#7885; l&#7841;i &#7903; c&#225;c &#273;&#417;n sau v&#224; &#273;&#7849;y d&#7847;n Lifetime Value.&#8221;</em> Nh&#432;ng nh&#432; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#7903; <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-2-retention-loops">The Reality Check #2</a></strong>, user Vi&#7879;t Nam nh&#7843;y app li&#234;n t&#7909;c. &#272;&#417;n th&#7913; 2 b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t voucher, h&#7885; qua x&#224;i app kh&#225;c ho&#7863;c app c&#361; h&#7885; th&#237;ch. Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, LTV c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#242;n th&#7845;p h&#417;n c&#7843; CAC.</p><p>C&#224;ng Growth, c&#224;ng mau ch&#7871;t. B&#7913;c tranh to&#224;n c&#7843;nh b&#7883; che m&#7901; b&#7903;i c&#225;i Vanity Metric (ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#7843;o) mang t&#234;n S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng user &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; m&#7899;i.</p><p>Nhi&#7873;u PM &#7903; VN th&#237;ch ch&#233;m gi&#243; v&#7873; Product-Led Growth (PLG), nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t kh&#244;ng h&#7873; bi&#7871;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#236;nh &#273;ang l&#224;m c&#243; Margin &#226;m hay d&#432;&#417;ng b&#7841;n d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; &#273;&#226;y v&#224; th&#7921;c s&#7921; d&#224;nh 1 ph&#250;t &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c user b&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#7909;c v&#7909; &#273;&#227; m&#7845;t bao ti&#7873;n ki&#7871;m v&#7873; ko ?. &#272;&#432;a cho m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#225;o c&#225;o P&amp;L (Profit &amp; Loss), &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o 80% PM s&#7869; t&#233; ng&#7917;a v&#236; kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; m&#7845;y c&#225;i thu&#7853;t ng&#7919; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh. B&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#225;i m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c xe &#273;ua tr&#234;n cao t&#7889;c m&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t b&#236;nh x&#259;ng b&#7883; r&#242; r&#7881;.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Patch: V&#225; l&#7841;i t&#432; duy Growth t&#7915; User sang Margin</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#227; &#273;&#7871;n l&#250;c d&#7865;p c&#225;i &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng Growth Hacking b&#7857;ng ba c&#225;i n&#250;t b&#7845;m m&#224;u m&#232; &#273;i. Mu&#7889;n l&#224;m PM s&#7889;ng th&#7885; &#7903; th&#7901;i k&#7923; g&#7885;i v&#7889;n kh&#243; kh&#259;n n&#224;y, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i trang b&#7883; ngay c&#225;i &#273;&#7847;u l&#7841;nh n&#224;y v&#224;o t&#432; duy hi&#7875;u r&#245;:</p><h4><strong>1. PM b&#7855;t bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c P&amp;L (B&#225;o c&#225;o L&#7901;i/L&#7895;)</strong></h4><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi v&#7869; b&#7845;t k&#7923; lu&#7891;ng Onboarding hay Campaign Growth n&#224;o, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#7889;t t&#7917;: <strong>Contribution Margin (</strong>S&#7889; d&#432; &#273;&#7843;m ph&#237;) l&#224; ph&#7847;n ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch gi&#7919;a doanh thu v&#224; chi ph&#237; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i (bi&#7871;n ph&#237;) c&#7911;a m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ho&#7863;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909;, cho bi&#7871;t s&#7889; ti&#7873;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; trang tr&#7843;i chi ph&#237; c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh (&#273;&#7883;nh ph&#237;) v&#224; t&#7841;o ra l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n<strong>) c&#7911;a m&#7897;t giao d&#7883;ch l&#224; bao nhi&#234;u?</strong></p><ul><li><p>N&#7871;u Margin d&#432;&#417;ng: Ok, c&#7913; &#273;&#7849;y m&#7841;nh v&#242;ng l&#7863;p Growth, b&#224;o t&#7899;i b&#7871;n ch&#7841;y ko c&#7847;n d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i ch&#7881; c&#7847;n c&#243; ti&#7873;n.</p></li><li><p>N&#7871;u Margin &#226;m: D&#7914;NG L&#7840;I. Nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; c&#7911;a Product l&#250;c n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m user m&#7899;i. Nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; c&#7911;a Product l&#224; t&#236;m c&#225;ch t&#7889;i &#432;u quy tr&#236;nh, t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng h&#243;a b&#7857;ng Tech (v&#237; d&#7909;: d&#249;ng AI &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m chi ph&#237; CSKH, t&#7889;i &#432;u thu&#7853;t to&#225;n gh&#233;p cu&#7889;c &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m ph&#237; logistic) cho &#273;&#7871;n khi Margin d&#432;&#417;ng tr&#7903; l&#7841;i.</p></li><li><p>T&#7845;t nhi&#234;n s&#7869; c&#243; ph&#7847;n chi ph&#237; s&#7869; gi&#7843;m d&#7921;a theo sizing nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u nh&#432; th&#7871; s&#7869; work v&#7899;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n tr&#432;&#7899;c th&#7901;i ti&#7873;n r&#7867; v&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; d&#7921;a v&#224;o t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng n&#243;ng. Xui cho b&#7841;n th&#7901;i &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; qua. </p></li></ul><h4><strong>2. &#272;&#7893;i th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o: T&#7915; T&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng sang Th&#7901;i gian ho&#224;n v&#7889;n (CAC Payback Period)</strong></h4><p>Khoe v&#7899;i s&#7871;p: <em>&#8220;Th&#225;ng n&#224;y em l&#224;m Growth k&#233;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 10.000 user m&#7899;i&#8221;</em> l&#224; t&#432; duy c&#7911;a tay g&#224; m&#7901;. T&#432; duy c&#7911;a Seasoned Leader: <em>&#8220;Th&#225;ng n&#224;y em k&#233;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 10.000 user, CAC l&#224; 5$, nh&#432;ng em &#273;&#227; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#225;i lu&#7891;ng Upsell (b&#225;n th&#234;m) &#273;&#7875; r&#250;t ng&#7855;n Payback Period t&#7915; 6 th&#225;ng xu&#7889;ng c&#242;n 2 th&#225;ng.&#8221;</em> H&#227;y &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng xem m&#7845;t bao l&#226;u &#273;&#7875; c&#244;ng ty ki&#7871;m l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7889; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#227; b&#7887; ra mua user &#273;&#243;. &#7902; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam, Payback Period qu&#225; 1 n&#259;m l&#224; r&#7911;i ro c&#7921;c cao v&#236; user kh&#244;ng ai &#7903; l&#7841;i l&#226;u &#273;&#7871;n th&#7871;. Nh&#432;ng n&#243;i th&#7871; th&#244;i ch&#7913; VN &#237;t PM &#273;&#432;&#7907;c giao &#273;&#7871;n l&#224;m c&#225;i &#273;&#243; &#273;a ph&#7847;n s&#7869; d&#7915;ng &#7903; vi&#7879;c development t&#237;nh n&#259;ng. </p><h4><strong>3. Ch&#7841;y Anti-Growth Checklist tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n</strong></h4><p>M&#7895;i khi &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t m&#7897;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng Gamification hay Referral &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng, h&#227;y t&#7921; h&#7887;i:</p><ul><li><p>C&#7845;u tr&#250;c gi&#225; (Pricing) c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; chu&#7849;n ch&#432;a? Hay m&#236;nh &#273;ang ch&#7841;y &#273;&#7875; s&#432;&#7899;ng nh&#236;n s&#7889; t&#259;ng b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch b&#225;n ph&#225; ti&#7873;n?</p></li><li><p>N&#7871;u user t&#7855;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng n&#224;y &#273;i, c&#7889;t l&#245;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#242;n gi&#7919; h&#7885; l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng?</p></li><li><p>Chi ph&#237; duy tr&#236; (Maintenance cost) c&#7911;a c&#225;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng Growth n&#224;y trong 6 th&#225;ng t&#7899;i l&#224; bao nhi&#234;u?</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h3><strong>S&#7889;ng s&#243;t qua m&#249;a &#273;&#244;ng</strong></h3><p>Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; &#273;i qua m&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh 4 t&#7853;p kh&#225; th&#7921;c t&#7871; nh&#432;ng &#273;&#226;y l&#224; g&#243;c nh&#236;n &#273;&#7875; ch&#250;ng ta c&#249;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#7921; l&#249;i t&#7921; th&#7845;y kh&#243; khi l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, &#273;&#7853;p &#273;i x&#226;y l&#7841;i h&#224;ng lo&#7841;t nh&#7919;ng tuy&#234;n ng&#244;n s&#225;o r&#7889;ng c&#7911;a gi&#7899;i PM: T&#7915; Product-Market Fit, Retention Loops, Empowered Teams, cho &#273;&#7871;n Growth Hacking.</p><p>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a tuy&#7871;n b&#224;i n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ch&#234; bai s&#225;ch v&#7903; Thung l&#361;ng Silicon. S&#225;ch T&#226;y hay ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&#224; la b&#224;n cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n. Nh&#432;ng khi b&#7841;n c&#7847;m la b&#224;n &#273;i v&#224;o r&#7915;ng r&#7853;m, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; ch&#7871; th&#234;m con dao r&#7921;a &#273;&#7875; ch&#7863;t gai g&#243;c hay ph&#7843;i tu&#7923; c&#417; &#7913;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7875; ra &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng r&#7915;ng nh&#432;ng ko ch&#7871;t tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ra mi&#7877;n &#273;&#250;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng.</p><p>&#272;&#7915;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7855;c v&#236; thu&#7897;c l&#224;u l&#224;u c&#225;c framework. H&#227;y t&#7921; h&#224;o v&#236; b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t khi n&#224;o th&#236; n&#234;n v&#7913;t c&#225;i framework &#273;&#243; v&#224;o s&#7885;t r&#225;c &#273;&#7875; vi&#7871;t l&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;i m&#7899;i, th&#7921;c d&#7909;ng h&#417;n, ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i s&#7921; th&#250; v&#7883; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t c&#7911;a th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, v&#224; gi&#250;p c&#244;ng ty ki&#7871;m ra ti&#7873;n th&#7853;t.</p><p>T.D, <br>T5.2026</p><p><br>P/s : h&#7865;n b&#7841;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#7903; c&#225;c <a href="https://blog.datht.com/t/the-reality-check">The Reality Check</a> &#7903; th&#225;ng T6. N&#7871;u th&#7845;y th&#250; v&#7883; th&#236; gi&#250;p m&#236;nh chia s&#7869; &#273;&#7871;n b&#7841;n b&#232;. &#272;&#7875; m&#236;nh ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c vi&#7871;t. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#432;a &#273;&#7885;c t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c to&#224;n b&#7897; Seri n&#224;y &#7903; &#273;&#226;y. <br></p><ul><li><p><strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-1-cau-hoi-kho-giai">The Reality Check #</a><a href="http://localhost:3000/methods/260505-reality-check-pmf-vietnam">1</a> </strong>C&#226;u h&#7887;i kh&#243; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch c&#7911;a Product-Market Fit ki&#7875;u M&#7929; t&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam </p></li><li><p><strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-2-retention-loops">The Reality Check #2</a> </strong>Retention Loops vs &#272;&#7897;i qu&#226;n s&#259;n voucher</p></li><li><p><strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams">The Reality Check #3</a> </strong>Empowered Teams l&#224; th&#7913;c kh&#243; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng nh&#7845;t &#7903; c&#225;c t&#7853;p &#273;o&#224;n Ch&#226;u &#193;.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-4-growth-hacking?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Datht's Reflections ! This post is public so feel free to share it.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-4-growth-hacking?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-4-growth-hacking?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #3: Empowered Teams là thực sự khó xây dựng nhất? ]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#272;&#7885;c s&#225;ch Marty Cagan xong, Ch&#250;ng ta h&#7915;ng h&#7921;c kh&#237; th&#7871; &#273;&#242;i s&#7871;p trao quy&#7873;n. H&#244;m sau s&#7871;p qu&#259;ng cho c&#225;i file Excel b&#7849;u v&#7869; spec y chang c&#225;i n&#224;y cho anh. Ch&#224;o m&#7915;ng b&#7841;n v&#7873; l&#7841;i m&#7863;t &#273;&#7845;t.]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 03:47:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>&#8220;Ch&#250;ng t&#244;i c&#7847;n nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; missionaries, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#237;nh &#273;&#225;nh thu&#234;&#8221; Marty Cagan.</strong></em></p><p><em><strong>&#8220;Em b&#7899;t ch&#233;m gi&#243; l&#7841;i, chi&#7873;u nay ch&#7889;t spec cho anh &#273;&#7875; s&#225;ng mai dev c&#242;n code&#8221; &#212;ng s&#7871;p Ch&#226;u &#193; &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh.</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>&#7902; <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-2-retention-loops">Reality Check #2</a></strong>, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; bu&#7891;n khi nh&#7853;n ra c&#225;i Retention Loop &#273;&#7865;p &#273;&#7869; b&#7883; &#273;&#7853;p n&#225;t b&#7903;i m&#7845;y c&#225;i voucher. H&#244;m nay, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; chuy&#7875;n sang m&#7897;t n&#7895;i &#273;au kh&#225;c, &#273;au h&#417;n, mang t&#237;nh... ch&#237;nh tr&#7883; c&#244;ng s&#7903;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n v&#7873; S&#7921; trao quy&#7873;n (Empowerment).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:281607,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/196736643?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!n-zj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49be03cd-91f0-4f4a-9695-d847429ea9a9_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>B&#7845;t k&#7923; PM n&#224;o &#273;&#7885;c xong hai cu&#7889;n kinh th&#225;nh <strong>Inspired</strong> v&#224; <strong>Empowered</strong> c&#7911;a Marty Cagan c&#361;ng &#273;&#7873;u th&#7845;y h&#7915;ng h&#7921;c l&#7917;a trong tim. Cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch v&#7869; ra m&#7897;t vi&#7877;n c&#7843;nh qu&#225; &#273;&#7865;p: S&#7871;p giao cho team m&#7897;t b&#224;i to&#225;n (Problem), team t&#7921; research, t&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p (Solution), v&#224; mang l&#7841;i impact. Ngon &#417; tuy&#7879;t con b&#224; v&#7901;i!</p><p>M&#236;nh c&#361;ng t&#7915;ng tin s&#225;i c&#7893; v&#224;o c&#225;i l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#243;. Nh&#7899; h&#7891;i m&#7899;i nh&#7853;m ch&#7913;c &#7903; m&#7897;t t&#7853;p cty internet x&#7883;n top VN, m&#236;nh gom anh em l&#7841;i, d&#245;ng d&#7841;c tuy&#234;n b&#7889;: <em>&#8220;T&#7915; nay team m&#236;nh s&#7869; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c theo ki&#7875;u Empowered Teams. C&#225;c b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c to&#224;n quy&#7873;n s&#225;ng t&#7841;o, kh&#244;ng ai &#233;p t&#237;nh n&#259;ng xu&#7889;ng n&#7919;a!&#8221;</em></p><p>Anh em v&#7895; tay r&#7847;n r&#7847;n.</p><p>Hai tu&#7847;n sau, team m&#236;nh g&#227;y tan t&#224;nh. Kh&#244;ng ai d&#225;m ch&#7889;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng. Dev ng&#7891;i ch&#417;i x&#417;i n&#432;&#7899;c v&#236; ch&#7901; PM s&#225;ng t&#7841;o. L&#250;c review, s&#7871;p ch&#7917;i cho t&#233; ng&#7917;a v&#236; tr&#7877; ch&#432;a ch&#7889;t l&#224;m g&#236; m&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m th&#236; nh&#432; m&#7897;t n&#7891;i l&#7849;u th&#7853;p c&#7849;m t&#7879; h&#417;n th&#236; g&#7885;i n&#7891;i c&#225;m l&#7907;n c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>L&#250;c &#273;&#243; m&#236;nh m&#7899;i gi&#225;c ng&#7897;: &#272;em c&#225;i v&#259;n h&#243;a Empowered c&#7911;a Thung l&#361;ng Silicon v&#7873; c&#7855;m v&#224;o m&#7897;t t&#7853;p &#273;o&#224;n hay team ch&#432;a m&#7841;nh ch&#7855;c &#273;a ph&#7847;n c&#225;c cty s&#7869; &#273;ang nh&#432; th&#7871;, n&#243; ch&#7859;ng kh&#225;c g&#236; l&#7845;y &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; Ferrari l&#7855;p v&#224;o chi&#7871;c xe c&#244;ng n&#244;ng. Ch&#7841;y kh&#244;ng n&#7893;i m&#224; c&#242;n banh lu&#244;n d&#224;n m&#225;y &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng th&#236; c&#244;ng n&#244;ng c&#242;n c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; lao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;t ch&#7913; ko &#273;&#249;a.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Theory: S&#7921; m&#7897;ng m&#417; c&#7911;a Marty Cagan</strong></h3><p>L&#253; thuy&#7871;t c&#7911;a Empowered Teams r&#7845;t r&#245; r&#224;ng:</p><ol><li><p><strong>L&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o cung c&#7845;p B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh (Context) v&#224; M&#7909;c ti&#234;u (Strategic Objectives).</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Team t&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh C&#225;ch l&#224;m (How to solve the problem).</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Product Manager l&#224; Mini <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/khung-hoang-nghe-pm-neu-ko-phai-ceo">CEO c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m</a></strong>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; th&#7907; vi&#7871;t t&#224;i li&#7879;u spec writer.</p></li></ol><p>Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; Feature Factory sang Problem Solving Team. Nghe &#234;m ru &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng? &#7902; Google, Netflix, n&#243; ch&#7841;y m&#432;&#7907;t m&#224; ngon lu&#244;n.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng xin l&#7895;i b&#7841;n, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Breaking Point: V&#259;n h&#243;a HiPPO v&#224; h&#7897;i ch&#7913;ng L&#237;nh &#273;&#225;nh thu&#234;.</strong></h3><p>&#7902; Ch&#226;u &#193; n&#243;i chung v&#224; Vi&#7879;t Nam n&#243;i ri&#234;ng, m&#244; h&#236;nh qu&#7843;n l&#253; m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224; <strong>Command &amp; Control</strong> (Ra l&#7879;nh v&#224; Ki&#7875;m so&#225;t). C&#7845;u tr&#250;c quy&#7873;n l&#7921;c l&#224; Top-down &#273;a ph&#7847;n.</p><p>B&#7841;n n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n Empowered Teams, nh&#432;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&#226;m s&#7847;m v&#224;o v&#259;n h&#243;a <strong>HiPPO</strong> (Highest Paid Person&#8217;s Opinion &#8212; &#221; ki&#7871;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#432;&#417;ng cao nh&#7845;t ph&#242;ng). &#7902; &#273;&#226;y, s&#7871;p kh&#244;ng giao b&#224;i to&#225;n. S&#7871;p &#273;i b&#224;n chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c v&#7873; hay th&#7845;y c&#225;i app &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; c&#243; t&#237;nh n&#259;ng X hay qu&#225;, h&#244;m sau s&#7871;p qu&#259;ng c&#225;i link v&#224;o group chat b&#7843;o: <em>&#8220;Team nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#224;m c&#225;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng y chang v&#7853;y cho anh, cu&#7889;i th&#225;ng l&#234;n s&#243;ng nha&#8221;</em>.</p><p>B&#7841;n t&#7915; ch&#7889;i? B&#7841;n l&#7845;y s&#225;ch Marty Cagan ra c&#227;i s&#7871;p? Chu&#7849;n b&#7883; c&#7843;i xong cho &#273;&#227; r&#7891;i v&#7915;a t&#7913;c v&#7851;n v&#7915;a l&#224;m ?</p><p>C&#225;i r&#224;o c&#7843;n th&#7913; hai c&#242;n c&#224; ch&#7899;n h&#417;n v&#224; &#273;au h&#417;n: <strong>Ch&#237;nh team c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#361;ng ch&#432;a s&#7861;n s&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trao quy&#7873;n.</strong></p><p>Khi b&#7841;n quen l&#224;m l&#237;nh &#273;&#225;nh thu&#234; qu&#225; l&#226;u s&#7871;p b&#7843;o g&#236; l&#224;m n&#7845;y, l&#224;m xong ph&#7911;i tay, sai th&#236; s&#7871;p ch&#7883;u, n&#227;o b&#7897; b&#7841;n s&#7869; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh m&#7897;t c&#417; ch&#7871; ph&#242;ng v&#7879;. &#272;&#7897;t nhi&#234;n b&#7883; &#233;p ph&#7843;i t&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;i, team s&#7869; r&#417;i v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i t&#234; li&#7879;t t&#7841;m th&#7901;i =)). Kh&#244;ng ai mu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#236; kh&#244;ng ai mu&#7889;n g&#225;nh c&#242;ng l&#432;ng n&#7871;u d&#7921; &#225;n th&#7845;t b&#7841;i. &#272;&#7849;y tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m (blame game) l&#224; m&#244;n th&#7875; thao qu&#7889;c d&#226;n. Th&#224; l&#224;m m&#7897;t c&#225;i b&#225;nh v&#7869; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i nh&#432;ng l&#224; do s&#7871;p duy&#7879;t, c&#242;n h&#417;n l&#224;m m&#7897;t c&#225;i s&#225;ng t&#7841;o m&#224; m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i t&#7921; ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m.</p><p>V&#7853;y n&#234;n, mang Empowered Teams &#225;p d&#7909;ng r&#7853;p khu&#244;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; t&#7921; s&#225;t.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Datht's Reflections ! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Patch: T&#7921; do trong khu&#244;n kh&#7893; (Bounded Autonomy) v&#224; Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t c&#7845;y &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng</strong></h3><p>Thay v&#236; &#273;&#7853;p b&#224;n &#273;&#242;i quy&#7873;n t&#7921; quy&#7871;t nh&#432; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;, PM th&#7921;c chi&#7871;n &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam ph&#7843;i ch&#417;i m&#7897;t tr&#242; ch&#417;i tinh t&#7871; h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u v&#224; ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t h&#417;n. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; s&#7889;ng s&#243;t qua c&#225;c m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng doanh nghi&#7879;p kh&#7889;c li&#7879;t nh&#7845;t.</p><h4><strong>1. &#272;&#7893;i t&#7915; Empowerment sang Managed Empowerment (T&#7921; do c&#243; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t)</strong></h4><p>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; th&#7843; team ra m&#7897;t b&#227;i &#273;&#7845;t tr&#7889;ng r&#7891;i b&#7843;o x&#226;y c&#225;i g&#236; c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. B&#7841;n ph&#7843;i x&#226;y cho h&#7885; m&#7897;t c&#225;i Sandbox v&#224; b&#7843;o v&#7879; h&#7885; n&#7871;u h&#7885; l&#224;m sai kh&#244;ng ch&#7911; &#273;&#237;ch v&#224; &#237;t nh&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#233;p l&#224;m sai n&#7871;u vi&#7879;c &#273;&#243; kh&#243;.</p><ul><li><p><strong>H&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng:</strong> X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; v&#7899;i s&#7871;p nh&#7919;ng c&#225;i <strong>Guardrails </strong>cho team &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m l&#224; g&#236;. <em>&#8220;S&#7871;p &#417;i, t&#7909;i em s&#7869; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t b&#224;i to&#225;n gi&#7843;m drop-off rate &#7903; m&#224;n h&#236;nh Checkout. S&#7871;p cho t&#7909;i em t&#7921; do test 3 UI kh&#225;c nhau nh&#233;, cam k&#7871;t kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7909;ng t&#7899;i flow thanh to&#225;n c&#7889;t l&#245;i v&#224; kh&#244;ng t&#7889;n qu&#225; 2 sprint.</em></p></li><li><p>B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch khoanh v&#249;ng r&#7911;i ro, s&#7871;p s&#7869; an t&#226;m h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c nghe ch&#7919; trao quy&#7873;n m&#244;ng lung. Trong c&#225;i sandbox nh&#7887; &#273;&#243;, team b&#7841;n th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c Empowered.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>2. K&#7929; thu&#7853;t Inception (C&#7845;y &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng) v&#224; <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/managing-up-quan-ly-sep-khong-phai">Ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t Manage U</a>p</strong></h4><p>L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; s&#7871;p giao cho b&#7841;n gi&#7843;i b&#224;i to&#225;n ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng b&#7855;t l&#224;m t&#237;nh n&#259;ng? &#272;&#7915;ng c&#227;i s&#7871;p, h&#227;y Inception s&#7871;p. C&#7845;y &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224;o &#273;&#7847;u s&#7871;p &#273;&#7875; s&#7871;p &#273;&#7891;ng c&#7843;m v&#224; chia s&#7869; &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><ul><li><p><strong>T&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng:</strong> S&#7871;p b&#7843;o <em>L&#224;m t&#237;nh n&#259;ng livestream b&#225;n h&#224;ng cho app &#273;i em</em>.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng th&#7907; code:</strong> D&#7841; v&#226;ng, &#273;&#7875; em v&#7869; spec. (K&#7871;t qu&#7843;: fail s&#7845;p m&#7863;t v&#236; app b&#225;n t&#224;i ch&#237;nh th&#236; ai r&#7843;nh l&#234;n m&#224; coi livestream).</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng PM th&#7921;c chi&#7871;n (Manage Up):</strong> <em>Idea Ok anh. &#221; anh l&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;ang c&#7847;n t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897; trust &#273;&#7875; user ch&#7889;t &#273;&#417;n l&#7865; h&#417;n &#273;&#250;ng kh&#244;ng? Em th&#7845;y livestream gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;i trust n&#224;y. &#272;&#7875; em research th&#234;m coi ngo&#224;i livestream th&#236; c&#242;n c&#225;ch n&#224;o nh&#7865; ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c h&#417;n m&#224; c&#361;ng t&#259;ng trust kh&#244;ng, th&#7913; 6 em b&#225;o c&#225;o anh nghen.</em></p></li><li><p>&#272;&#7893;i t&#7915; &#8220;T&#237;nh n&#259;ng Livestream&#8221; sang &#8220;B&#224;i to&#225;n T&#259;ng Trust&#8221;. Ngon &#417;. S&#7871;p v&#7851;n th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng, m&#224; b&#7841;n l&#7841;i l&#225;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#7887;i c&#225;i b&#7851;y Feature Factory.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>3. B&#224;o m&#242;n d&#7847;n h&#7897;i ch&#7913;ng Th&#7907; vi&#7871;t spec.</strong></h4><p>&#272;&#7915;ng &#233;p dev v&#224; designer t&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7885;i th&#7913; ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c. H&#227;y gi&#250;p &#273;&#7897;i chuy&#7875;n ho&#225; d&#7847;n.</p><ul><li><p>Thay v&#236; n&#233;m cho dev c&#225;i PRD d&#224;y 20 trang. H&#227;y n&#233;m c&#225;i PRD 5 trang, ph&#7847;n UI logic &#273;&#7875; l&#7917;ng. H&#7887;i dev: <em>&#8220;Ch&#7895; x&#7917; l&#253; error state n&#224;y, anh th&#7845;y l&#224;m sao &#234;m ru nh&#7845;t? Em ngh&#297; c&#225;ch A, anh th&#7845;y sao?</em></p></li><li><p>T&#7915; t&#7915; chuy&#7875;n h&#7885; t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7853;n l&#7879;nh sang ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#249;ng gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t (Co-creator) h&#7885; gi&#7887;i h&#417;n b&#7841;n t&#432;&#7903;ng r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u. Ph&#7843;i ch&#417;i t&#7899;i b&#7871;n, ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n t&#7915;ng sprint m&#7897;t. R&#7909;ng n&#7909; gi&#7919;a ch&#7915;ng l&#224; quay v&#7873; m&#225;ng l&#7907;n c&#361; ngay r&#7891;i &#273;i ch&#234; Dev l&#224; d&#7903; h&#417;i.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h3><strong>K&#7871;t c&#7909;c c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng nh&#224; l&#227;nh &#273;&#7841;o tinh th&#7847;n ng&#226;y th&#417;</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#7885;c s&#225;ch T&#226;y &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;y mindset, nh&#432;ng ph&#7843;i mang c&#225;i n&#227;o c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i Ch&#226;u &#193; ra &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c thi.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i Empowerment &#7903; m&#7897;t t&#7893; ch&#7913;c ch&#432;a tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh kh&#244;ng l&#224;m b&#7841;n th&#224;nh si&#234;u nh&#226;n Product. N&#243; th&#432;&#7901;ng bi&#7871;n b&#7841;n th&#224;nh m&#7897;t PM ng&#225;o , th&#237;ch n&#243;i &#273;&#7841;o l&#253; v&#224; ch&#234; bai c&#244;ng ty.</p><p>Quy&#7873;n l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trao t&#7863;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;. N&#243; ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#224;nh l&#7845;y th&#244;ng qua s&#7921; tin t&#432;&#7903;ng, v&#224; c&#225;ch duy nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; c&#243; s&#7921; tin t&#432;&#7903;ng l&#224; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t xong nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n nh&#7887; b&#233;, h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y, n&#7857;m trong &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;i ph&#7841;m vi m&#224; t&#7893; ch&#7913;c cho ph&#233;p. B&#7841;n c&#243; &#273;&#7911; ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n &#273;&#7875; ch&#417;i tr&#242; ch&#417;i d&#224;i h&#7841;n n&#224;y kh&#244;ng?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png" width="1456" height="813" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SrWG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5966d944-e57d-4b27-8daf-fccbdfebc714_2752x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">AI Summary </figcaption></figure></div><p><em>Tu&#7847;n t&#7899;i, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; kh&#233;p l&#7841;i tuy&#7871;n The Reality Check th&#225;ng 5 b&#7857;ng s&#7889; <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-4-growth-hacking">Reality Check #4</a> m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n share nh&#7845;t: Kh&#225;m ph&#225; xem s&#7921; &#7843;o t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#7873; Growth Hacking &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7889;t ch&#225;y bao nhi&#234;u t&#7927; &#273;&#7891;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c startup Vi&#7879;t Nam ra sao. Chu&#7849;n b&#7883; tinh th&#7847;n soi b&#225;o c&#225;o P&amp;L (L&#7901;i/L&#7895;) nh&#233;.</em></p><p>T.D, <br>T5.2026<br><br>P/s : N&#7871;u th&#7845;y ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y hay h&#227;y share v&#224; subs &#273;&#7875; m&#236;nh c&#243; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c vi&#7871;t ti&#7871;p. </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Reality Check #2: Retention Loops vs Đội quân săn voucher]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nir Eyal b&#7843;o b&#7841;n x&#226;y Habit Loop &#273;&#7875; user t&#7921; quay l&#7841;i. Nh&#432;ng &#7903; Vi&#7879;t Nam, Grab v&#224; Shopee &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7897;c th&#243;i quen c&#7911;a c&#7843; m&#7897;t th&#7871; h&#7879; b&#7857;ng voucher. Gi&#7901; sao?]]></description><link>https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-2-retention-loops</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-2-retention-loops</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dat Huynh]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 03:30:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><em><strong>Ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng t&#7841;o ra th&#243;i quen cho ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng. Ch&#250;ng ta t&#7841;o ra con nghi&#7879;n voucher. V&#224; b&#226;y gi&#7901;, khi cai thu&#7889;c, c&#7843; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng run r&#7849;y.</strong></em></p></blockquote><p>&#7902; <strong><a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-1-cau-hoi-kho-giai">Reality Check #1</a></strong>, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; b&#224;n chuy&#7879;n Product-Market Fit ki&#7875;u M&#7929; v&#224; ra sao khi &#273;&#432;a v&#224;o Vi&#7879;t Nam. Nh&#432;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t th&#7913; c&#242;n &#273;au h&#417;n n&#7919;a. Gi&#7843; s&#7917; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c PMF th&#7853;t r&#7891;i &#273;i user th&#7853;t s&#7921; c&#7847;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; voucher. C&#226;u h&#7887;i ti&#7871;p theo l&#224;: L&#224;m sao gi&#7919; ch&#226;n h&#7885;?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png" width="1024" height="1024" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1024,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:333921,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/i/196735357?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P_Fk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F72a2bf58-532c-44cd-aa87-405abbac7dc3_1024x1024.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>S&#225;ch gi&#225;o khoa c&#243; c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i ngon &#417;: <strong>Habit Loop</strong>. X&#226;y m&#7897;t v&#242;ng l&#7863;p th&#243;i quen, user s&#7869; t&#7921; quay l&#7841;i nh&#432; chu&#7897;t nh&#7845;p &#273;&#232;n xanh. Nghe hay d&#7919; ha, ph&#7843;i kh&#244;ng?</p><p>Ch&#7855;c nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915;ng tin &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;. H&#7891;i 2019, l&#250;c cty l&#224;m O2O tr&#234;n m&#7897;t c&#225;i Super App tri&#7879;u user, team l&#224;m d&#7921; &#225;n &#273;&#243; c&#7863;m c&#7909;i ng&#7891;i v&#7869; Habit Loop &#273;&#250;ng chu&#7849;n s&#225;ch Nir Eyal. Trigger ngo&#7841;i push notification d&#7851;n t&#7899;i Trigger n&#7897;i th&#243;i quen. Ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng bi&#7871;n thi&#234;n (Variable Reward). Investment &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; th&#7901;i gian v&#224;o app. M&#7885;i th&#7913; y chang trong s&#225;ch.</p><p>R&#7891;i sao? R&#7891;i Grab tung ra ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#8220;Flash Sale gi&#7843;m 60%&#8221; &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;i tu&#7847;n m&#236;nh launch t&#237;nh n&#259;ng m&#7899;i. C&#225;i Habit Loop &#273;&#7865;p &#273;&#7869; c&#7911;a team b&#7883; nghi&#7873;n n&#225;t trong v&#242;ng v&#224;i ng&#224;y. User kh&#244;ng th&#232;m m&#7903; app n&#7919;a. H&#7885; ch&#7841;y &#273;i h&#7889;t deal b&#234;n kia.</p><p>L&#250;c &#273;&#243; ae m&#7899;i ng&#7897; ra: &#7902; Vi&#7879;t Nam, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; c&#7841;nh tranh v&#7899;i &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911;. B&#7841;n &#273;ang c&#7841;nh tranh v&#7899;i c&#7843; m&#7897;t n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&#243;a s&#259;n deal &#273;&#227; &#259;n s&#226;u v&#224;o m&#225;u th&#7883;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Theory: S&#225;ch Nir Eyal d&#7841;y g&#236;?</strong></h3><p>Cu&#7889;n <strong>Hooked</strong> c&#7911;a Nir Eyal, k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i module Retention c&#7911;a Reforge, l&#224; kim ch&#7881; nam m&#224; h&#7847;u h&#7871;t PM tr&#234;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i &#273;&#7873;u thu&#7897;c n&#7857;m l&#242;ng. M&#244; h&#236;nh g&#7891;m 4 b&#432;&#7899;c:</p><p><strong>Trigger &#8594; Action &#8594; Variable Reward &#8594; Investment</strong></p><p>&#221; t&#432;&#7903;ng th&#236; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n: B&#7841;n t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t c&#225;i &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921;a (Trigger) &#273;&#7875; user m&#7903; app. User th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng (Action) r&#7891;i nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7845;t ng&#7901; (Variable Reward &#8212; gi&#7889;ng ki&#7875;u k&#233;o feed TikTok, kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t video ti&#7871;p theo l&#224; g&#236; n&#234;n c&#7913; l&#432;&#7899;t ho&#224;i). Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, user &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; (Investment) th&#7901;i gian, d&#7919; li&#7879;u, n&#7897;i dung v&#224;o app khi&#7871;n vi&#7879;c r&#7901;i &#273;i tr&#7903; n&#234;n kh&#243; kh&#259;n h&#417;n.</p><p>C&#225;i hay c&#7911;a m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y l&#224; n&#243; t&#7921; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh. Sau v&#224;i v&#242;ng l&#7863;p, user kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n push notification n&#7919;a. H&#7885; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7903; app v&#236; n&#227;o &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;a th&#243;i quen &#273;&#243; v&#224;o. &#272;&#243; g&#7885;i l&#224; Internal Trigger k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t n&#7897;i t&#7841;i.</p><p>&#7902; M&#7929;, n&#243; ch&#7841;y ngon l&#224;nh. Instagram, Twitter, Duolingo &#273;&#7873;u x&#226;y tr&#234;n m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y.</p><p>&#7902; Vi&#7879;t Nam? Chuy&#7879;n kh&#225;c.</p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Breaking Point: Khi c&#7843; m&#7897;t n&#7873;n kinh t&#7871; b&#7883; &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7897;c b&#7903;i khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i.</strong></h3><p>V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; m&#244; h&#236;nh Habit Loop sai. M&#244; h&#236;nh &#273;&#250;ng. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m &#7903; ch&#7895;: th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam &#273;&#227; b&#7883; &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7897;c b&#7903;i cu&#7897;c chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7889;t ti&#7873;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#244;ng l&#7899;n, khi&#7871;n m&#7885;i Internal Trigger b&#7883; thay th&#7871; b&#7857;ng Voucher Trigger.</p><p>H&#227;y nh&#236;n l&#7841;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n 2018-2022. Grab, ShopeeFood, Baemin, Now, MoMo, ZaloPay, VNPay... t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u lao v&#224;o m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c ch&#7841;y &#273;ua t&#224;n kh&#7889;c: Ai &#273;&#7889;t nhi&#7873;u ti&#7873;n h&#417;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#243; th&#7855;ng. M&#7895;i ng&#224;y, user Vi&#7879;t Nam nh&#7853;n h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c c&#225;i notification: &#8220;Gi&#7843;m 50% h&#244;m nay!&#8221;, &#8220;Freeship &#273;&#417;n t&#7915; 0&#273;!&#8221;, &#8220;Ho&#224;n ti&#7873;n 30%!&#8221;.</p><p>Chuy&#7879;n g&#236; x&#7843;y ra khi b&#7841;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#259;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c trong 4-5 n&#259;m? H&#7885; nghi&#7879;n. V&#224; c&#225;i th&#7913; h&#7885; nghi&#7879;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i app c&#7911;a b&#7841;n m&#224; l&#224; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7901;i.</p><p>M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng ng&#7891;i xem data h&#224;nh vi user c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i v&#224; th&#7845;y m&#7897;t pattern &#273;au l&#242;ng. C&#243; m&#7897;t nh&#243;m user t&#7847;m 35-40% t&#7893;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#224;i c&#249;ng l&#250;c 3-4 app c&#249;ng ng&#224;nh tr&#234;n &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i. M&#7895;i khi c&#7847;n &#273;&#7863;t &#273;&#7891; &#259;n, h&#7885; m&#7903; c&#7843; Grab l&#7851;n ShopeeFood, so s&#225;nh gi&#225; sau khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i, r&#7891;i m&#7899;i ch&#7889;t &#273;&#417;n &#7903; app r&#7867; nh&#7845;t. Ng&#224;y mai, app kh&#225;c c&#243; deal ngon h&#417;n? Chuy&#7875;n sang b&#234;n &#273;&#243; ngay. Kh&#244;ng do d&#7921;. Kh&#244;ng luy&#7871;n ti&#7871;c.</p><p>C&#225;i n&#224;y trong ng&#224;nh g&#7885;i l&#224; Multi-homing user trung th&#224;nh v&#7899;i gi&#225;, kh&#244;ng trung th&#224;nh v&#7899;i b&#7841;n.</p><p>Khi Baemin r&#250;t lui kh&#7887;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#7871;c nu&#7889;i v&#236; UI d&#7877; th&#432;&#417;ng brand hay v&#236; gi&#7885;ng v&#259;n h&#224;i h&#432;&#7899;c tr&#234;n notification. Nh&#432;ng ti&#7871;c nu&#7889;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7893;i th&#224;nh m&#7903; app. Kh&#244;ng ai m&#7903; app v&#236; th&#432;&#417;ng. H&#7885; m&#7903; v&#236; deal.</p><p>V&#7853;y Internal Trigger &#7903; &#273;&#226;u? N&#243; ch&#7871;t r&#7891;i. B&#7883; ch&#244;n s&#7889;ng d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7889;ng voucher.</p><p>H&#7891;i m&#7899;i v&#224;o ngh&#7873;, m&#236;nh c&#361;ng th&#7847;n t&#432;&#7907;ng c&#225;i m&#244; h&#236;nh Hook. C&#7913; ngh&#297; thi&#7871;t k&#7871; UX th&#7853;t m&#432;&#7907;t, notification th&#7853;t th&#244;ng minh l&#224; user s&#7869; quay l&#7841;i. Tr&#7901;i &#417;i, ng&#226;y th&#417;. &#7902; m&#7897;t th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#224; &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng b&#225;n d&#432;&#7899;i gi&#225; v&#7889;n &#273;&#7875; c&#432;&#7899;p user, UX &#273;&#7865;p c&#7905; n&#224;o c&#361;ng v&#244; ngh&#297;a n&#7871;u b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng gi&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#224;i to&#225;n: <em>&#8220;T&#7841;i sao user ph&#7843;i &#7903; l&#7841;i v&#7899;i tao khi th&#7857;ng b&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;ang ph&#225;t ti&#7873;n?&#8221;</em></p><div><hr></div><h3><strong>The Patch: Qu&#234;n Habit Loop &#273;i, h&#227;y x&#226;y Nh&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#244;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</strong></h3><p>M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng n&#243;i Habit Loop l&#224; v&#7899; v&#7851;n. N&#243; v&#7851;n c&#243; ch&#7895; &#273;&#7913;ng nh&#432;ng &#7903; VN, n&#243; ch&#7881; l&#224; l&#7899;p s&#417;n b&#234;n ngo&#224;i. C&#225;i n&#7873;n m&#243;ng th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n user &#7903; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#272;&#244;ng Nam &#193; ph&#7843;i l&#224; th&#7913; kh&#225;c: <strong>Lock-in Effect</strong> Hi&#7879;u &#7913;ng giam c&#7847;m hay n&#243;i cho hoa m&#7929; h&#417;n, x&#226;y m&#7897;t c&#225;i Nh&#224; t&#249; nh&#7889;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c user kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n tr&#7889;n ra.</p><h4><strong>1. Switching Cost ph&#7843;i l&#7899;n h&#417;n Voucher Value (Chi ph&#237; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i &gt; Gi&#225; tr&#7883; voucher)</strong></h4><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c s&#7889;ng c&#242;n. N&#7871;u user m&#7845;t 5 gi&#226;y &#273;&#7875; chuy&#7875;n sang app &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; v&#224; ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 20.000&#273;, b&#7841;n thua. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u user &#273;&#227; t&#237;ch l&#361;y 500.000 &#273;i&#7875;m th&#432;&#7903;ng, &#273;&#227; l&#432;u 200 &#273;&#7883;a ch&#7881; giao h&#224;ng, &#273;&#227; c&#243; l&#7883;ch s&#7917; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng 2 n&#259;m tr&#234;n app c&#7911;a b&#7841;n vi&#7879;c b&#7887; &#273;i s&#7869; &#273;au h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i c&#225;i voucher 20k b&#234;n kia.</p><p>H&#7891;i l&#224;m h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i &#273;i&#7875;m th&#432;&#7903;ng &#7903; m&#7897;t t&#7853;p &#273;o&#224;n l&#7899;n, m&#236;nh th&#7845;y r&#245;: nh&#243;m user c&#243; tr&#234;n 100.000 &#273;i&#7875;m t&#237;ch l&#361;y c&#243; t&#7927; l&#7879; r&#7901;i app churn rate th&#7845;p h&#417;n 3 l&#7847;n so v&#7899;i nh&#243;m user m&#7899;i. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; app hay h&#417;n. M&#224; v&#236; h&#7885; ti&#7871;c c&#7911;a.</p><p><strong>H&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; cho PM theo m&#236;nh:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Thi&#7871;t k&#7871; t&#224;i s&#7843;n s&#7889; (digital assets) m&#224; user t&#237;ch l&#361;y theo th&#7901;i gian v&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; mang sang app kh&#225;c: &#273;i&#7875;m th&#432;&#7903;ng, c&#7845;p b&#7853;c th&#224;nh vi&#234;n, l&#7883;ch s&#7917; c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a.</p></li><li><p>Quy t&#7855;c ng&#243;n c&#225;i: Switching Cost ph&#7843;i g&#7845;p &#237;t nh&#7845;t 5 l&#7847;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; voucher trung b&#236;nh m&#224; &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; &#273;ang tung ra.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>2. Content Moat &#8212; Tr&#250; tr&#7885;ng n&#7897;i dung kh&#244;ng th&#7875; sao ch&#233;p</strong></h4><p>Grab v&#7899;i ShopeeFood c&#243; th&#7875; copy nhau v&#7873; voucher, v&#7873; UI, v&#7873; th&#7901;i gian giao h&#224;ng. Nh&#432;ng c&#243; m&#7897;t th&#7913; kh&#244;ng ai copy &#273;&#432;&#7907;c: <strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#7911;a user &#273;&#227; t&#237;ch l&#361;y tr&#234;n app c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</strong></p><p>Ngh&#297; th&#7917; coi: T&#7841;i sao nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7851;n d&#249;ng app ng&#226;n h&#224;ng ch&#432;a ngon b&#7857;ng v&#237;, UI x&#7845;u, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u chuy&#7875;n sang app m&#7899;i? V&#236; l&#432;&#417;ng th&#225;ng n&#224;o c&#361;ng t&#7921; chuy&#7875;n v&#224;o &#273;&#243;. G&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y th&#236; app ng&#226;n h&#224;ng l&#224;m qu&#225; t&#7889;t ch&#7859;n c&#242;n so s&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c chuy&#7875;n ti&#7873;n t&#7915; App Bank v&#7899;i App v&#237; v&#224; c&#243; khi c&#242;n t&#7889;t h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u.</p><p><strong>H&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; cho PM:</strong></p><ul><li><p>X&#226;y t&#237;nh n&#259;ng khi&#7871;n user t&#7841;o ra d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#225; nh&#226;n m&#224; ch&#7881; c&#243; tr&#234;n app c&#7911;a b&#7841;n: S&#7893; thu chi, l&#7883;ch s&#7917; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e, danh s&#225;ch y&#234;u th&#237;ch, ghi ch&#250; c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p></li><li><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y ph&#7843;i h&#7919;u &#237;ch theo th&#7901;i gian kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng l&#224;m cho chi&#7873;u c&#224;ng d&#249;ng l&#226;u, c&#224;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883;. User r&#7901;i &#273;i m&#7845;t h&#7871;t. &#272;&#243; m&#7899;i l&#224; Lock-in th&#7853;t s&#7921;.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>3. T&#225;ch b&#7841;ch v&#224; hi&#7875;u s&#226;u s&#7855;c Retention Th&#7853;t vs. Retention &#7842;o.</strong></h4><p>C&#225;i n&#224;y m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; n&#243;i s&#417; &#7903; <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-1-cau-hoi-kho-giai">T&#7853;p #1</a>, nh&#432;ng n&#243; quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c ph&#7843;i nh&#7855;c l&#7841;i cho k&#7929; h&#417;n.</p><p>PM Vi&#7879;t Nam hay gom h&#7871;t Retention v&#224;o chung m&#7897;t c&#225;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; r&#7891;i khoe: &#8220;D30 c&#7911;a t&#7909;i em l&#224; 40%!&#8221;. Nghe oai d&#7919;. Nh&#432;ng h&#7887;i ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i: Trong 40% &#273;&#243;, bao nhi&#234;u ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m user quay l&#7841;i v&#236; &#273;&#250;ng l&#250;c b&#7841;n g&#7917;i push notification k&#232;m m&#227; gi&#7843;m gi&#225;? B&#7887; c&#225;i notification &#273;&#243; &#273;i, c&#242;n bao nhi&#234;u?</p><p><strong>H&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; cho PM:</strong></p><ul><li><p>B&#7854;T BU&#7896;C t&#225;ch data th&#224;nh 2 cohort:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Organic Retention:</strong> User m&#7903; app t&#7921; nhi&#234;n, kh&#244;ng c&#243; m&#227; gi&#7843;m gi&#225;, kh&#244;ng c&#243; push notification trong 24h tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Incentivized Retention:</strong> User m&#7903; app sau khi nh&#7853;n khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i.</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Ch&#7881; c&#243; Organic Retention m&#7899;i ph&#7843;n &#225;nh s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e th&#7853;t s&#7921; c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. Incentivized Retention l&#224; thu&#7889;c gi&#7843;m &#273;au kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i thu&#7889;c ch&#7919;a b&#7879;nh.</p></li></ul><p>&#7902; VN, m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng th&#7845;y c&#243; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m khoe Retention D30 l&#224; 42%. Khi t&#225;ch ra th&#236; Organic ch&#7881; c&#243;... 8%. 34% c&#242;n l&#7841;i l&#224; nh&#7901; &#273;&#7897;i Marketing b&#417;m notification + voucher m&#7895;i ng&#224;y. C&#225;i 8% kia m&#7899;i l&#224; con s&#7889; th&#7853;t. V&#224; n&#243; cho th&#7845;y s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;ang h&#7845;p h&#7889;i.</p><div><hr></div><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang ng&#7891;i nh&#236;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Retention &#273;&#7865;p lung linh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh m&#224; trong b&#7909;ng th&#7845;y h&#417;i sai sai tin m&#236;nh &#273;i, linh c&#7843;m &#273;&#243; &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7845;y. H&#227;y t&#7855;t h&#7871;t voucher, t&#7855;t h&#7871;t push notification trong 2 tu&#7847;n cho m&#7897;t nh&#243;m user th&#7917;. R&#7891;i nh&#236;n l&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. C&#225;i c&#242;n s&#243;t l&#7841;i sau cu&#7897;c thanh l&#7885;c &#273;&#243; d&#249; x&#7845;u x&#237;, d&#249; nh&#7887; b&#233; &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i ch&#237;nh l&#224; n&#7873;n m&#243;ng th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n x&#226;y ti&#7871;p.</p><p>C&#242;n n&#7871;u t&#7855;t h&#7871;t r&#7891;i m&#224; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; r&#7899;t t&#7921; do v&#7873; 0?</p><p>Th&#236; &#237;t ra b&#7841;n c&#361;ng bi&#7871;t s&#7921; th&#7853;t tr&#432;&#7899;c khi h&#7871;t ti&#7873;n.</p><p><em>Tu&#7847;n t&#7899;i, <a href="https://blog.datht.com/p/the-reality-check-3-empowered-teams">The Reality Check #3</a> s&#7869; m&#7893; x&#7867; t&#7841;i sao Empowered Teams tri&#7871;t l&#253; huy&#7873;n tho&#7841;i c&#7911;a Marty Cagan l&#7841;i g&#227;y tan t&#224;nh khi g&#7863;p &#244;ng S&#7871;p Ch&#226;u &#193; v&#224; v&#259;n h&#243;a S&#7871;p n&#243;i g&#236; nghe n&#7845;y.</em></p><p>T.D, <br>T5.2026</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Datht's Reflections ! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><br>P/s : N&#7871;u th&#7845;y ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y hay h&#227;y share v&#224; subs &#273;&#7875; m&#236;nh c&#243; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c vi&#7871;t ti&#7871;p. </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://blog.datht.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Datht's Reflections &quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://blog.datht.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Datht's Reflections </span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>